As the world’s fifth-largest economy, California has committed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. While previous studies have shown that GHG reductions ...could synergistically decrease air pollutant emissions and protect public health, limited research has been conducted to compare the health cobenefits of different technology pathways toward deep decarbonization. Using an integrated approach that combines energy and emission technology modeling, high-resolution chemical transport simulation, and health impact assessment, we find that achievement of the 80% GHG reduction target would bring substantial air quality and health cobenefits. The cobenefits, however, highly depend on the selected technology pathway largely because of California’s relatively clean energy structure. Compared with the business-as-usual levels, a decarbonization pathway that focuses on electrification and clean renewable energy is estimated to reduce concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 18–37% in major metropolitan areas of California and subsequently avoid about 12 100 (9600–14 600) premature deaths. In contrast, only a quarter of such health cobenefits, i.e., 2800 (2300–3400) avoided deaths, can be achieved through a pathway focusing more on combustible renewable fuels. After subtracting the cost, the net monetized benefit of the electrification-focused pathway still exceeds that of the renewable fuel-focused pathway, indicating that a cleaner but more expensive decarbonization pathway may be more preferable in California.
Road ecological landscape construction is an important part of creating an ecological garden city, and it is also an indispensable link in urban garden landscape planning. Taking a national forest ...park in a certain area as the research object, using the analytic hierarchy process, taking into account the ecological and landscape benefits, we selected 6 parameters: carbon sequestration, dust retention, humidification, plant aesthetic benefits, plant ornamental benefits, and roadside landscape integration. The main indicators construct the forest park landscape resource quality evaluation system. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation score of the national forest park landscape resource quality in this area is 82.36 points, which is in line with the first-level standard in the evaluation system, indicating that the quality of the scenic resources in the park is high and it has unique tourism development value, which can scientifically and reasonably develop forest ecology tourism. In addition, the evaluation system proposed in this article can objectively reflect the value of the park’s ecological whirlpool and the basic conditions for carrying out ecotourism according to the key index factors that affect the quality of scenic resources and provide a scientific and reliable reference for the high-quality development of forest parks.
Studying the correlation between religions and cities is conducive to understanding the role of worship in shaping human settlements. Mrauk-U, the capital of the Arakan Kingdom in Southeast Asia ...during the 15th–18th centuries, was once a regional Buddhist center, and the pagodas distributed throughout this city demonstrate the visible influence of Buddhism. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the significance of Buddhism in Mrauk-U by exploring the correlation between the pagodas and the urban space. Based on first-hand spatial data, historical maps, and archaeological studies, the spatial distribution characteristics of the pagodas in Mrauk-U were analyzed using the methods of spatial and literature analysis. Their relationships with the urban structure, mountains, water systems, and open space were visualized and examined using the GIS platform; then, the hidden historical mechanisms were investigated. This study concludes that Mrauk-U’s pagodas, as urban images, have shaped its sacred urban landscape system, revealing that Buddhism played an important role in shaping Mrauk-U’s physical space and social and cultural characteristics.
Drought generally results in a decline to freshwater quality, but the spatial nature of these impacts and recovery processes in large lakes systems remain poorly understood. This study applied ...multiple statistical methods such as cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), to assess spatial and temporal variations of water quality in the Lower Lakes (Australia) during drought (April 2008–September 2010) and post-drought (October 2010–October 2013) periods. The comprehensive analysis of water quality from 22 locations and including 22 key parameters showed that Lower Lakes were eutrophic in both drought and post-drought periods with higher nutrient and algae concentrations than guideline levels for aquatic ecosystem. The Lower Lakes were identified three distinct spatial zones, i.e., (1) low eutrophication for the southeast of Lower Lakes (SE), (2) moderate eutrophication for northeast of Lower Lakes (NE), and (3) high eutrophication for northwest of Lower Lakes (NW) in the drought as well as low eutrophication for NW and high eutrophication for SE in the post-drought. DA allowed a better reduction in the dimensionality of the large dataset during post-drought than during the drought period with better results for spatial analysis rather than for temporal analysis regardless of hydrological periods. PCA/FA reflected three major factors of mineral dissolution, erosion and anthropogenic sources accounting for water constituents. Our results demonstrate the powerful utility of multivariate statistical techniques for revealing the persistent and spatially complex nature of drought-induced impacts on lake water quality and highlight that optimal utilization of water resources in the upper catchment of Lower Lakes are urgently needed for the sustainable lake ecosystems.
The typical water quality variables in three clusters indicate that drought causes water quality deterioration in the Lower Lakes. Display omitted
•Effects of droughts on water quality are examined using multivariate statistics.•Extreme drought induces complex spatial and temporal changes in water quality.•Spatial zones of differing vulnerability to drought disturbance identified.•Determinant analysis reveals better results in post-drought than drought period.•PCA/FA shows three major reservoirs of mineral dissolution, erosion and humans.
Corner‐based detectors usually generate a large number of false detection boxes because of insufficient attention to the detection area. Recent corner‐based detectors can achieve good performance, ...but the training equipment requirements have greatly increased. For example, due to the dense network structure and the large input image size, CenterNet requires expensive equipment for network training (e.g. Tesla V100). Its performance will be greatly reduced when a more mainstream and cheaper device is used for fine‐tuning. The high equipment requirements make it difficult for most researchers to follow up these studies. In this work, CenternessNet, a detector that adds additional box‐edge length constraints to CenterNet is proposed, thereby allowing the network to be trained on more general devices and obtain a better performance. It simply introduces the box as a constraint into the corner‐based network. In this way, the method improves the ability to aggregate corners during training and enhances the model's ability to discriminate the corners of objects in the same category to some extent. The method achieves a better performance than other corner‐based detection networks trained on similar low‐memory devices.
The chiral state of light plays a vital role in light–matter interactions and the consequent revolution of nanophotonic devices and advanced modern chiroptics. As the light–matter interaction goes ...into the nano- and quantum world, numerous chiroptical technologies and quantum devices require precise knowledge of chiral electromagnetic modes and chiral radiative local density of states (LDOS) distributions in detail, which directly determine the chiral light–matter interaction for applications such as chiral light detection and emission. With classical optical techniques failing to directly measure the chiral radiative LDOS, deep-subwavelength imaging and control of circular polarization (CP) light associated phenomena are introduced into the agenda. Here, we simultaneously reveal the hidden chiral electromagnetic mode and acquire its chiral radiative LDOS distribution of a single symmetric nanostructure at the deep-subwavelength scale by using CP-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy. The chirality of the symmetric nanostructure under normally incident light excitation, resulting from the interference between the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the V-shaped nanoantenna, is hidden in the near field with a giant chiral distribution (∼99%) at the arm-ends, which enables the circularly polarized CL emission from the radiative LDOS hot-spot and the following active helicity control at the deep-subwavelength scale. The proposed V-shaped nanostructure as a functional unit is further applied to the helicity-dependent binary encoding and the two-dimensional display applications. The proposed physical principle and experimental configuration can promote the future chiral characterization and manipulation at the deep-subwavelength scale and provide direct guidelines for the optimization of chiral light–matter interactions for future quantum studies.
Due to the great advances in information technology, an increasing number of social platforms have appeared. Friend recommendation is an important task in social media, but newly built social ...platforms have insufficient information to predict entity relationships. In this case, platforms with sufficient information can help newly built platforms. To address this challenge, a model of link prediction in social multiplex networks (LPSMN) is proposed in this work. Specifically, we first extract graph structure features, latent features and explicit features and then concatenate these features as link representations. Then, with the assistance of external information from a mature platform, an attention mechanism is employed to construct a multiplex and enhanced forecasting model. Additionally, we consider the problem of link prediction to be a binary classification problem. This method utilises three different kinds of features to improve link prediction performance. Finally, we use five synthetic networks with various degree distributions and two real-world social multiplex networks (Weibo–Douban and Facebook–Twitter) to build an experimental scenario for further assessment. The numerical results indicate that the proposed LPSMN model improves the prediction accuracy compared with several baseline methods. We also find that with the decline in network heterogeneity, the performance of LPSMN increases.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulates the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma (OS), specifically lncRNA RP11-361F15.2 has been shown to play prominent roles in tumorigenesis. Previously, ...M2-Like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been identified to play a key role in cancer migration/invasion. Hence, it is essential to understand the role of RP11-361F15.2 in tumorigenesis and its association with M2-Like polarization of TAMs. The results indicate that RP11-361F15.2 is significantly increased in OS tissues, and its expression is positively correlated with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) expression and negatively associated with miR-30c-5p expression. Further, overexpression of RP11-361F15.2 increased OS cell migration/invasion and M2-Like polarization of TAMs in vitro, as well as promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assays indicated that RP11-361F15.2 upregulated CPEB4 expression by competitively binding to miR-30c-5p. Further, we have identified that RP11-361F15.2 promotes CPEB4-mediated tumorigenesis and M2-Like polarization of TAMs through miR-30c-5p in OS. We also identified that RP11-361F15.2 acts as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) against miR-30c-5p thereby binding and activating CPEB4. This RP11-361F15.2/miR-30c-5p/CPEB4 loop could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
•LncRNA RP11 family and M2-Like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate the tumorigenesis.•RP11-361F15.2 expression is positively correlated with CPEB4 and negatively correlated with miR-30c-5p.•Overexpression of RP11-361F15.2 and CPEB4 increased OS cell migration/invasion and M2-Like polarization of TAMs in vitro.•RP11-361F15.2 promotes CPEB4-mediated migration, invasion and M2-Like polarization of TAMs through miR-30c-5p in OS.•RP11-361F15.2/miR-30c-5p/CPEB4 loop could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is one of the most effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there are still many complications after stent ...implantation. As a medical device with a complex structure and small size, the manufacture and post-processing technology greatly impact the mechanical and medical performances of stents. In this paper, the development history, material, manufacturing method, and post-processing technology of vascular stents are introduced. In particular, this paper focuses on the existing manufacturing technology and post-processing technology of vascular stents and the impact of these technologies on stent performance is described and discussed. Moreover, the future development of vascular stent manufacturing technology will be prospected and proposed.
This paper explores the feasibility and principle of hepatic parenteral fluorescence imaging technology after retrograde injection of indocyanine green (ICG) through endoscopic nasobiliary drainage ...(ENBD). The data were collected from 53 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis, from October 2022 to March 2023, diagnosed by fluorescence imaging technique retrograde biliary approach (FIT-RB). We divided the patients into two groups according to the features of liver parenchyma, the poor group (n = 34, including scattered or no imaging) and the good group (n = 19, regular uniform imaging). We compared and analyzed the perioperative results of the two groups and explored the influencing factors of the success of FIT-RB and the ICG concentration suitable for this imaging technique. The good imaging rate of the 53 enrolled cases was 35.8%. The bilirubin level before ENBD and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the poor group was significantly higher than that in the good group (P < 0.001). The proportion of higher ICG concentrations (0.5 mg/mL) was significantly higher in the good group (P = 0.028). Our results demonstrated that the success rate of good imaging was 4.53 times higher than that of low-dose ICG (0.125 or 0.25 mg/L) cases at 0.5 mg/ml of ICG. The level of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were negatively correlated with the imaging effect, and total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were important predictors of the efficacy of FIT-RB. FIT-RB is safe and feasible in patients with low site bilirubin levels. An ICG concentration of 0.5 mg/ml may be ideal for implementing this technique.
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