With the prosperity of the economy, China’s foreign exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and English is becoming more and more important as the common language of international ...communication. For decades, Chinese educators and scholars have achieved great success in teaching English, but there are also some problems, including neglecting the teaching of crosscultural knowledge in English classrooms. And in the crosscultural English teaching based on hierarchical correlation analysis, its specific structure system is not complete, and its application scope is also less. Therefore, this paper analyzes hierarchical correlation analysis, teaching mode, etc., which lays the foundation for subsequent research. In addition, combined with the current research status, this paper analyzes the past crosscultural knowledge system and proposes a new structural model. A large number of experiments have verified the application effect of the improved knowledge architecture model in crosscultural English teaching under the hierarchical correlation analysis. The new model can improve students’ crosscultural awareness and crosscultural communication competence and improve the previous teaching system structure. There is a problem that both hierarchical teaching and overall planning cannot be taken into account. This paper studies the crosscultural issues in English teaching and conducts research from the following four aspects: first, it discusses the cultivation of crosscultural communicative competence of college students in English teaching and proposes some feasible solutions to the problem of neglecting the integration of crosscultural knowledge in English teaching. Sexual suggestions cultivate students’ crosscultural awareness of English learning and improve the efficiency of English learning. The second is to point out that college school students should pay attention to the differences in cultural communication between China and foreign countries and develop the awareness and ability of crosscultural communication. The third is to explore ways to improve students’ crosscultural communicative competence and cultivate all-round English talents for the country and society. The fourth is how to achieve crosscultural communication, so that people with different cultural backgrounds can communicate and learn smoothly. Based on the above problems, this paper adopts the method of case analysis to discuss the problem of imperfect cross-cultural knowledge system in English teaching in China, and the educational structure is incomplete.
Although the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are diverse and unclear, the past 20 years have witnessed the unprecedented development of the AD inflammation theory. As a key inflammatory receptor ...family, the C-C chemokine receptor family is a remarkable participant in the cause of Alzheimer's disease; of this family, CCR5 is the most widely studied. CCR5 is an essential entrance when HIV infects immune cells and is also involved in other inflammatory and immune activities. New evidence on the inevitably intertwined link between Alzheimer's disease and CCR5 indicates that CCR5 accelerates the development of Alzheimer's disease, and few studies disputed it. The role of CCR5 in Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. However, as the research progresses, this intricate relationship will gradually be uncovered.
Stroke is a major disease that leads to high mortality and morbidity. Given the ageing population and the potential risk factors, the prevalence of stroke and socioeconomic burden associated with ...stroke are expected to increase. During the past decade, both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke have made significant progress. However, current therapies still cannot adequately improve the outcomes of stroke and may not apply to all patients. One of the significant advances in modern medicine is cell-derived neurovascular regeneration and neuronal repair. Progress in stem cell biology has greatly contributed to ameliorating stroke-related brain injuries in preclinical studies and demonstrated clinical potential in stroke treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the differentiating potential of chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts, and they have the ability to transdifferentiate into endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons. Due to their great plasticity, MSCs have drawn much attention from the scientific community. This review will focus on MSCs, stem cells widely utilized in current medical research, and evaluate their effect and potential of improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.
To compare the rate of moderate to severe exacerbations between triple therapy and dual therapy or monotherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Systematic review and ...meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, and clinical trial registries searched from inception to April 2018.
Randomised controlled trials comparing triple therapy with dual therapy or monotherapy in patients with COPD were eligible. Efficacy and safety outcomes of interest were also available.
Data were collected independently. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate rate ratios, hazard ratios, risk ratios, and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Quality of evidence was summarised in accordance with GRADE methodology (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation).
21 trials (19 publications) were included. Triple therapy consisted of a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), long acting β agonist (LABA), and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). Triple therapy was associated with a significantly reduced rate of moderate or severe exacerbations compared with LAMA monotherapy (rate ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.85), LAMA and LABA (0.78, 0.70 to 0.88), and ICS and LABA (0.77, 0.66 to 0.91). Trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and quality of life were favourable with triple therapy. The overall safety profile of triple therapy is reassuring, but pneumonia was significantly higher with triple therapy than with dual therapy of LAMA and LABA (relative risk 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.87).
Use of triple therapy resulted in a lower rate of moderate or severe exacerbations of COPD, better lung function, and better health related quality of life than dual therapy or monotherapy in patients with advanced COPD.
Prospero CRD42018077033.
Inherited mtDNA diseases transmit maternally and cause severe phenotypes. Currently, there is no effective therapy or genetic screens for these diseases; however, nuclear genome transfer between ...patients’ and healthy eggs to replace mutant mtDNAs holds promises. Considering that a polar body contains few mitochondria and shares the same genomic material as an oocyte, we perform polar body transfer to prevent the transmission of mtDNA variants. We compare the effects of different types of germline genome transfer, including spindle-chromosome transfer, pronuclear transfer, and first and second polar body transfer, in mice. Reconstructed embryos support normal fertilization and produce live offspring. Importantly, genetic analysis confirms that the F1 generation from polar body transfer possesses minimal donor mtDNA carryover compared to the F1 generation from other procedures. Moreover, the mtDNA genotype remains stable in F2 progeny after polar body transfer. Our preclinical model demonstrates polar body transfer has great potential to prevent inherited mtDNA diseases.
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•PB includes few mtDNA copies due to oocyte-biased mitochondrial inheritance•PB genome transfer efficiently replaces mtDNA genotype and produces live offspring•PB1 genome transfer yields undetectable carryover of donor mtDNA in two generations•MR including PB, pronuclear, and spindle transfer do not compromise development
Polar body genome transfer can effectively prevent the transmission of defective mitochondria DNA across generations, indicating the potential of this procedure to treat inherited mitochondrial diseases.
The value learning process has been investigated using decision-making tasks with a correct answer specified by the external environment (externally guided decision-making, EDM). In EDM, people are ...required to adjust their choices based on feedback, and the learning process is generally explained by the reinforcement learning (RL) model. In addition to EDM, value is learned through internally guided decision-making (IDM), in which no correct answer defined by external circumstances is available, such as preference judgment. In IDM, it has been believed that the value of the chosen item is increased and that of the rejected item is decreased (choice-induced preference change; CIPC). An RL-based model called the choice-based learning (CBL) model had been proposed to describe CIPC, in which the values of chosen and/or rejected items are updated as if own choice were the correct answer. However, the validity of the CBL model has not been confirmed by fitting the model to IDM behavioral data. The present study aims to examine the CBL model in IDM. We conducted simulations, a preference judgment task for novel contour shapes, and applied computational model analyses to the behavioral data. The results showed that the CBL model with both the chosen and rejected value's updated were a good fit for the IDM behavioral data compared to the other candidate models. Although previous studies using subjective preference ratings had repeatedly reported changes only in one of the values of either the chosen or rejected items, we demonstrated for the first time both items' value changes were based solely on IDM choice behavioral data with computational model analyses.
Necroptosis is a recently discovered programmed necrosis, regulated by receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 after death signal stimulation and could be specifically inhibited by ...necrostatin-1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RIP1 and RIP3 signal pathways in a mouse model of collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and assess the effect of necrostatin-1 on brain injury after ICH. We found that RIP1 and RIP3 proteins were abundantly expressed and increased in mice brain after ICH. Necrostatin-1 pretreatment improved neurological function and attenuated brain edema in mice after ICH. Moreover, necrostatin-1 reduced RIP1–RIP3 interaction and propidium iodide (PI) positive cell death, and further inhibited microglia activation and pro-inflammatory mediator genes tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression after ICH. These findings indicate that RIP1/RIP3-mediated necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death after ICH. Through inhibiting necroptosis, necrostatin-1 plays a protective role in reducing necrotic cell death after ICH. Necrostatin-1 is a promising therapeutic agent that protects cells from necroptosis and improves functional outcome.
Cancer stem-like cells, which have been described as tumor-initiating cells or tumor-propagating cells, play a crucial role in our fundamental understanding of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its ...recurrence. GBM is a lethal cancer, characterized by florid vascularization and aberrantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF promotes tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of human GBM stem-like cells (GBSCs). However, whether and how VEGF contributes to GBSCs proliferation remain largely uncertain. In this study, human GBSCs were isolated from surgical specimens of glioblastoma and cultured in medium favored for stem cell growth. Neural Colony-Forming Cell Assay and ATP assay were performed to measure GBSC proliferation under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2). Our observations demonstrate that exogenous VEGF stimulates GBSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner via VEGF Receptor 2 (VEGFR2); while VEGF Receptor 1 (VEGFR1) has a negative feedback effect on VEGFR2 when cells were exposed to higher concentration of VEGF. These results suggest that suppressing VEGFR2-dependent GBSC proliferation is a potentially therapeutic strategy in GBM.
Colorectal poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is rarely founded, especially in early-stage. Endoscopic features of early poorly differentiated colorectal cancer in magnifying endoscopy and ...chromoendoscopy haven't been clarified.
A 49-year-old man was referred to our hospital for endoscopic treatment of a lateral spread tumor located in the rectum. We performed pre-resection endoscopic examination for the patient. In magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining, the lesion showed irregular microvessels and turned out to be poorly stained with predominantly non-structural pit pattern and a few roundish pits scattered on the surface. The histology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum invading the deep submucosal layer with negative lymphovascular invasion.
In this case report, we presented a case of poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma detected at an early stage, showing interesting endoscopic findings in magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining.
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