A novel fiber sensor which can detect the concentration of copper ions indirectly was proposed and demonstrated by coating the knotted-shaped fiber with chitosan. The diameter of the knotted-shaped ...fiber was determined to be 10 mm. The Mach-Zehnder Interference generated due to bending deformation that excited some core-modes into higher order cladding-modes and two modes interfered. Chitosan was selected as the identification material for coating the fiber. In order to enhance the chelation between chitosan and copper ions, and improve the sensitivity of copper ions, glutaraldehyde was used to chemically modify chitosan. The original fiber sensor was annealed to obtain a stable structure, and then it was immersed in the modified chitosan solution and deionized water to form an available chitosan coating on the surface of the sensor. In the detection experiment with copper ions concentration of 0-330 ppm, the results show that interference spectra uniformly red-shift with the increase of the copper ions concentration and the sensitivity of the copper ion was 24.6 pm/10ppm. At the same time, ideal spectral fluctuations were demonstrated in the stability inquiry experiments.
High‐fat diet (HFD) leads to obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increases the coincidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as the ‘common soil’ ...of those diseases. Furthermore, people on HFD showed restrained glycolysis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, which is the so‐called metabolic reprogramming. However, the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and IR induced by HFD is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PANK1 and miR‐107 were up‐regulated in the liver tissue of mice on HFD for 16 weeks and involved in metabolic reprogramming induced by palmitate acid (PA) incubation. Importantly, miR‐107 within an intron of PANK1 gene facilitated IR by targeting caveolin‐1 in AML12 cells upon PA incubation. Moreover, we identify that HFD enhanced P53 expression, and activation of P53 with nutlin‐3a induced PANK1 and miR‐107 expression simultaneously in transcriptional level, leading to metabolic reprogramming and IR, respectively. Consistently, inhibition of P53 with pifithrin‐α hydrobromide ameliorated PA‐induced metabolic reprogramming and IR. Thus, our results revealing a new mechanism by which P53 regulate metabolism. In addition, the results distinguished the different roles of PANK1 and its intron miR‐107 in metabolic regulation, which will provide more accurate intervention targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
In recent years, polyurethane has drawn great attention because of its many advantages in physical and chemical performance. In this work, firstly, polyurethane was impregnated in a non-woven fabric ...(NWF). Then, polyurethane-impregnated NWF was coagulated utilizing a wet phase inversion. Finally, after alkali treatment, microfiber non-woven fabrics with a porous polyurethane matrix (PNWF) were fabricated and used as substrates. SnIn
S
(SIS) prepared by a microwave-assisted method was used as a photocatalyst and a novel SIS/PNWF substrate with multiple uses and highly efficient catalytic degradation ability under visible light was successfully fabricated. The surface morphology, chemical and crystal structures, optical performance, and wettability of SIS/PNWF substrates were observed. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance of SIS/PNWF substrates was investigated by the decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Compared with SIS/PNWF-2% (2%, the weight ratio of SIS and PNWF, same below), SIS/PNWF-5% as well as SIS/PNWF-15%, SIS/PNWF-10% substrates exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency of 97% in 2 h. This may be due to the superior photocatalytic performance of SIS and the inherent hierarchical porous structure of PNWF substrates. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of SIS/PNWF substrates can enable them to float on the solution and further be applied on an open-water surface. Furthermore, tensile strength and recycle experiments demonstrated that SIS/PNWF substrates possessed superior mechanical strength and excellent recycle stability. This work provides a facile and efficient pathway to prepare SIS/PNWF substrates for the degradation of organic pollutants with enhanced catalytic efficiency.
Hydraulic fracturing using freshwater is difficult for the commercial exploitation of a shale oil reservoir in Jianghan Basin with a continental saline lake basin sedimentary background. ...Supercritical CO
2
(SC-CO
2
) is a promising fracturing fluid under consideration for the reservoir stimulation, especially in the case of the presence of water sensible salt layers. In this study, SC-CO
2
fracturing experiments on the inter-salt-shale and salt specimens, which were obtained from the drilling well, were carried out in the laboratory. The characteristics of fracture propagation, including morphology and width variation, were analyzed based on the observations of a stereoscopic microscope, X-ray micro-CT scanner, and 3D scanner. The existing weak planes in the shale can really impact the fracture propagation in SC-CO
2
fracturing. Deflection, branching, and approaching can occur during the process of fracture propagation. The average width value of the reactivated natural fracture is bigger than that of a newly created fracture. In addition, the fracturing results indicate the greater breakdown pressure of rock salt if compared with the inter-salt-shale. The induced fractures in the salt specimen are compact and smaller in average width than those in the shale specimen. The higher breakdown pressure and relatively smaller fracture width of rock salt are real challenges for the fracturing of an inter-salt-shale oil reservoir.
Software-Defined Satellite Networking (SDSN) has emerged as a new paradigm that offers the programmability required to dynamically manage a satellite network. However, the characteristics of SDSN ...bring several important issues to be solved in the routing scheme. First, interface protocols of the controller incur nonnegligible overhead, which affects the general traffic. Second, more than one controller is required to ensure the reliability of SDSN, which means that they should cooperate with each other to realize the routing function. Third, how to make full use of the advantage of SDSN's centralized management for routing algorithm is worth studying. In this paper, we first propose an SDSN architecture to realize flexible centralized management. Based on this architecture, Intelligent Quality of Service (QoS) Routing scheme is proposed and evaluated. Intelligent QoS Routing (IQR) scheme is composed of overhead balancing strategy, controller cooperation strategy, and IQR algorithm. Overhead balancing strategy effectively reduces the impact of overhead on general traffic, which improves the performance of IQR algorithm. Controller cooperation strategy adopts the ensemble Support Vector Regression (SVR) from artificial intelligence tools to enhance the consistency of different controllers' network views under low frequency situation, which will provide a more accurate reference for IQR algorithm and other management strategies. IQR algorithm takes full advantage of SDSN's centralized control and rich data to offer fine-grained QoS guarantee intelligently. Simulation results show that IQR scheme achieves better overhead balancing performance, more effective controller cooperation, and better QoS guarantee compared with the existing methods.
The Karamaili ophiolite belt is an important tectonic unit in the East Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, China, and provides a material basis for the study of subduction, accretion and collision processes, ...regional tectonic evolution, and the exploration of oil (gas) reservoirs in the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). In the late Paleozoic, an important tectonic transition from subduction to post–collisional extension occurred in the East Junggar terrane; however, the precise timing of the tectonic transition is still a matter of debate. The volcanic rocks in the Karamaili area, predominately rhyolite and basalt–andesite, are typical post–collisional volcanic rocks and thus provide important constraints on the tectonic setting of the East Junggar. Here, zircon U–Pb geochronology and He–Ne–Ar and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic analyses were carried out on volcanic rocks from three localities in the Karamaili area. Four zircon U–Pb ages indicate that magmatism occurred in the Carboniferous at 335–310 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of post–collisional extension events. The 4He–3He/4He isotopic ratios of these samples are similar to those of the continental crust and show a weak contribution of mantle He, indicating the presence of mantle He in the orogenic belt. The 20Ne/22Ne, 21Ne/22Ne, and R/Ra–40Ar/36Ar ratios show that the air-like Ne and Ar are derived from dissolved atmospheric and continental crust sources in the subducted supracrustal rocks. Meanwhile, relatively low 87Sr/86Sr ratios of andesite and basalt (0.704–0.707) and high εNd(t) values (4.73–7.22) reveal the presence of depleted mantle components in their source regions. The heterogeneous isotopic signatures of the volcanic rocks in the East Junggar indicate that they formed via different processes or in multiphase settings, suggesting a significant tectonic transition from an island arc setting to a post-collisional extension regime during the Carboniferous period.
Purpose: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have exhibited preeminent diagnosis and treatment performances, but their low internalization severely limits predesigned functions. The ...low cell internalization is now an urgent bottleneck problem for almost all nanomaterials. To achieve more internalization of SPIONS, recombinant M13 phage was designed for targeted delivery and smart release. Methods: M13 phages were designed to co-express exogenous SPARC binding peptide (SBP) and cathepsin B cleavage peptide (DFK), formed recombinant DFK-SBP-M13. 3.37± 0.06 nm of SPIONs were modified by 3, 4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) to gain 10.80 ± 0.21 nm of DHCA-coated SPIONs, i.e., email protected Upon adjusting the proportions of email protected and DFK-SBP-M13, the multi-carboxyl SPIONs assembled onto recombinant M13 phages via covalent bonding. The assemblies were co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 cells to interpret their internalization and smart release. Results: The “corn-like” email protected (261.47± 3.30 nm) assemblies have not been reported previously. The assembly was stable, dispersible, superparamagnetic and biocompatible. After co-cultivation with MDA-MB-231 cells, the email protected assemblies quickly bond to the cell surface and are internalized. The enrichment rate of email protected assembly was 13.9 times higher than free SPIONs at 0.5 h, and intracellular Fe content was 3.6 times higher at 1 h. Furthermore, the DFK peptides favored cathepsin B to cleave SPIONs from the M13 templates resulting in release of SPIONs inside cells. Conclusion: The novel email protected assembly can rapidly deliver SPIONs to the targeted sites and enabled smart release. The combination of genetic recombination and nanotechnology is beneficial for designing and optimizing some new nanomaterials with special functions to achieve wider applications.
An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a cascade-three-level atom involving Rydberg level in a room-temperature cell, formed with a cesium 6S 1 / 2-6P 3 / 2-66 S 1 / 2 scheme, is ...employed to detect the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting resulted with a 15.21-GHz microwave field coupling the 66 S 1 / 2 → 65 P 1 / 2 transition. Microwave field induced AT splitting, f A T, is characterized by the distance of peak-to-peak of an EIT-AT spectrum. The f A T dependence on the microwave Rabi frequency, Ω M W , demonstrates two regions, the strong-coupling linear region, f A T ≈ Ω M W and the weak-coupling nonlinear region, f A T ≲ Ω M W. The f A T dependencies on the probe and coupling Rabi frequency are also investigated. Using small probe- and coupling-laser, the Rabi frequency is found to enlarge the linear regime and decrease the uncertainty of the microwave field measurements. The measurements agree with the calculations based on a four-level atomic model.
Microbial production of commodity chemicals has gained increasing attention and most of the focus has been on reducing the production cost. Selecting a suitable microorganism, which can grow rapidly ...on cheap feedstocks, is of key importance when developing an economically feasible bioprocess. We chose
, a well-characterized lactic acid bacterium, as our microbial host to produce pyruvate, which is a commodity chemical with various important applications. Here we report the engineering of
into becoming an efficient microbial platform for producing pyruvate. The strain obtained, FS1076 (MG1363 Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
), was able to produce pyruvate as the sole product. Since all the competitive pathways had been knocked out, we achieved growth-coupled production of pyruvate with high yield. More than 80 percent of the carbon flux was directed toward pyruvate, and a final titer of 54.6 g/L was obtained using a fed-batch fermentation setup. By introducing lactose catabolism into FS1076, we obtained the strain FS1080, which was able to generate pyruvate from lactose. We then demonstrated the potential of FS1080 for valorizing lactose contained in dairy side-streams, by achieving a high titer (40.1 g/L) and high yield (78.6%) of pyruvate using residual whey permeate (RWP) as substrate. The results obtained, show that the
platform is well-suited for transforming lactose in dairy waste into food-grade pyruvate, and the yields obtained are the highest reported in the literature. These results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve sustainable bioconversion of waste products from the dairy industry (RWP) to valuable products.
In the present study, the effects and mechanism of action of U50,488H (a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist) on calcification of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by ...β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) were investigated. VSMCs were isolated and cultured in traditional FBS-based media. A calcification model was established in VSMCs under hyperphosphatemia and intracellular calcium contents. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate were detected in cell culture supernatants before and after treatment. Alizarin red staining was used to detect the degree of calcification of VSMCs. Expression levels of key molecules of osteogenic markers, fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), were determined using western blotting. Further, vascular calcification was induced by vitamin
plus nicotine in rats and isolated thoracic aortas, calcium concentration was assessed in rat aortic rings
. We demonstrated that U50,488H inhibited VSMC calcification in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, U50,488H significantly inhibited osteogenic differentiation and ALP activity in VSMCs pretreated with β-GP. Further studies confirmed that PFKFB3 expression, LDH level, and lactate content significantly increased during calcification of VSMCs; U50,488H reversed these changes. PHD2 expression showed the opposite trend compared to PFKFB3 expression. nor-BNI or 3-PO abolished U50,488H protective effects. Besides, U50,488H inhibited VSMC calcification in rat aortic rings
. Collectively, our experiments show that κ-opioid receptor activation inhibits VSMC calcification by reducing PFKFB3 expression and lactate content, providing a potential drug target and strategy for the clinical treatment of vascular calcification.
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