Effect of cytokinins on shoot multiplication in three elite sugarcane varieties Khan, S.A. (Quaid-i-Azam Univ., Islamabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Biotechnology); Rashid, H. (Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Bioinformatics); Chaudhary, M.F. (Quaid-i-Azam Univ., Islamabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Biotechnology) ...
Pakistan journal of botany,
08/2009, Letnik:
41, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Studies were carried out for rapid micropropagation of three elite sugarcane varieties i.e., HSF-240, CP-77-400 and CPF-237. The explants were surface sterilized with 50% clorox for 30 minutes. The ...cultures were initiated by inoculating them on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) medium containing 1.0 mg/l Kin along with 0.1 mg/l GA3. Multiplication of the cultures was obtained by using BAP and Kin in various combinations and concentrations in MS medium. The optimum multiplication for variety HSF-240 was obtained at 1.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l Kin with 16.5 cm shoot length, 11 number of tillers and 32 number of leaves per plant. Similarly optimum multiplication for variety CP-77-400 was obtained at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Kin, with a maximum of 8.5 cm shoot length, 7 number of tillers and 24 number of leaves. Best multiplication rate for variety CPF-237 was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l Kin with a maximum of 12 cm shoot length, 6 number of tillers and 18 leaves per plant. Rooting of the plantlets was obtained on half strength MS medium containing 6% sucrose and various concentrations of IBA.
In a review of the results of toxin assays, twenty-five orthopaedic patients who had a Clostridium difficile infection and associated diarrhea were identified. The infection was due to the use of ...antibiotics in all but one patient. Seventeen patients had received the antibiotics prophylactically. The two most commonly implicated antibiotics were cefazolin and clindamycin, because those drugs had been commonly used for prophylaxis at the study institutions. However, other antibiotics were implicated. There was a positive correlation between the delay in diagnosis and the severity of the illness. A white blood-cell count of more than 20 x 10(9) per liter indicated severe disease in our survey. The possibility of Clostridium difficile infection should be considered in patients who have signs and symptoms that mimic those of intestinal obstruction. Patients who have an unexplained fever or high white blood-cell count and in whom diarrhea develops in the postoperative period should be treated immediately with metronidazole, and a specimen of stool should be obtained for an assay for Clostridium difficile toxin. If the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection is confirmed by the presence of toxin in the stool and the patient has persistent, severe diarrhea, oral administration of vancomycin should be added to the regimen. The duration of antibiotic prophylaxis should be minimized to decrease the risk of Clostridium difficile colitis.
Since 1983, 19 patients have had bone grafting of acetabular defects in association with a porous-coated acetabular prosthesis. The defects were defined by anatomic location to assess the rates of ...incorporation at different sites. The average time to incorporation was 12 months, judged by trabecular continuity. Superolateral grafts showed a greater degree of rarefaction than medial grafts. Nonprogressive migration of the graft was seen in only two cases before full incorporation of the graft. Developing lucency was seen up to 2 mm at the prosthesis-graft interface but not at the graft-ilium level. Roentgenograms suggested that integration of porous acetabular prostheses into bone may improve results of reconstructive surgery of the acetabulum.
Development of supply and demand functions of Pakistan's sugarcane crop Zulfiqar, M. (Kohat Univ. of Science and Technology, Kohat (Pakistan)); Chishti, A. (Muhammad Ali Jinnah Univ., Islamabad (Pakistan)); Khan, M. (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural Univ., Peshawar (Pakistan). Dept. of Economics) ...
Sarhad journal of agriculture,
(2011), Letnik:
27, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sugarcane is one of the major crops of agricultural economy of Pakistan. Although, major crops are contributing almost half of the share of agricultural GDP, there has been no analytic research on ...supply and demand determinants particularly of sugarcane crop. The available researchers mainly concentrated on cost of production, supply response and demand elasticity. This necessitated for conducting detailed research of Pakistan's sugarcane crop with the objective to develop supply and demand functions. The simultaneous-equations recursive econometrics model of supply and demand functions developed for sugarcane crop reflects that domestic supply of sugarcane (Sdsc) is determined by domestic price of sugar (Pdsr), nutrient-fertilizers used (FNT) and water available (WAT). The domestic demand (Ddsc) is determined by price of sugar (Pdsr) and Pakistan's GDP (GDPP). Unlike other crops, sugarcane is not imported into Pakistan. We have therefore, converted white sugar imports into its cane equivalent; consequently, we have a cane import supply (Issc) function, which is determined by Pakistan's predicted import price of sugar (Pisr) and Pakistan's predicted supply and demand of sugarcane (Sdsc and Ddsc). In light of results, it is recommended that (i) supply of various nutrient-fertilizers, their availability at appropriate times and their use on crops in recommended proportions should be given due attention in future input use policy. (ii) efforts should be made for irrigation water conservation and application of irrigation water to its optimal requirement on sugarcane crop for improved productivity of this crop. (iii) Government should invest more on research and development and extension activities to optimize resource use in production of sugarcane crop.
We have studied the long-term results of core decompression as the sole treatment for Ficat stages I, II and III ischaemic necrosis of 128 femoral heads in 90 patients. The 5-, 10- and 15-year ...survival rates for the three stages were respectively: stage I 100%, 96% and 90%; stage II 85%, 74% and 66%; and stage III 58%, 35% and 23%. At a mean follow-up of 11 years (4.5 to 19), 55 hips had failed (43%). No further surgery had been needed for 88% of stage-I, 72% of stage-II and 26% of stage-III hips; but despite the generally satisfactory clinical results, 56% of the hips had progressed radiographically by at least one Ficat stage. Complications of the core procedure included four fractures, all from postoperative falls, and one head perforation due to technical error. We conclude that core decompression delays the need for total hip replacement in young patients with ischaemic necrosis.
The tibiotalar movements which occur with axial loading, without applied moment forces were studied in cadaver ankles using a minimally constrained testing apparatus. Lateral translation of the talus ...measured up to 2 mm, which was associated with increased tibiotalar valgus angulation. Neither displacing the distal fibula laterally, nor sectioning the deltoid ligament, significantly influenced the talar shift. The tibiotalar motion which was observed after simple axial loading in a stable configuration (e.g., fibula and deltoid ligament intact) is of the same magnitude that is usually regarded as signifying an unstable ankle fracture. Consequently, this study suggests that the criteria for an unstable ankle fracture may need closer scrutiny.
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