El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la selección literaria de español como asignatura académica en Suecia del periodo 2000-2017 con enfoque en la cuestión de género. La hipótesis es que la ...universidad, en su calidad de institución transmisora, privilegia la literatura consagrada, de autor masculino, y que los estudiantes en alto grado se dejan orientar por la selección de los docentes. El estudio de las listas de lectura revela que la proporción de obras escritas por mujeres es un 23 % en el año 2000 y un 34 % en 2017. A pesar del auge, las obras de autoría masculina siguen en mayoría, y el análisis confirma que la universidad da prioridad a la literatura de autor masculino. Para descubrir las preferencias de los estudiantes, se analiza su elección de textos literarios para las tesinas de grado individuales. La comparación de las tesinas de 2000-2002 y de 2017-2019 muestra que la proporción de obras escritas por mujeres ha crecido de un 41 % a un 67 %. La conclusión es que no hay una fuerte correlación entre la selección institucional y las inclinaciones de los estudiantes: gran número de estos últimos eligen autorías femeninas, probablemente motivado por la conciencia de género que se ha generalizado en la sociedad sueca. The overall aim of this study is to examine the selection of literary texts for Spanish as an academic subject in Sweden in the period 2000-2017 with a gender approach. The hypothesis is that the University, in its capacity of cultural transmitter, tends to favor consecrated literature, written by male authors, and that the students’ preferences, to a large extent, depend on the institution's selection of texts. The analysis of the reading lists shows that the proportion of literary works written by women was 23 % in 2000 and 34 % in 2017. In spite of this increase, the male authorships are still prevalent, which confirms that University favors literary texts written by male authors. To discover the students' preferences, this study focuses on their choices of literary works for the individual degree essay. The comparison of the degree essays from 2000-2002 and 2017-2019 shows that the proportion of female authorships had increased from 41 % to 67 %. The conclusion of the analysis is that there is not a strong correlation between the institutional selection and the students' preferences, since a considerable number of students turn to female authorships, probably motivated by the awareness of gender issues that has become general in the Swedish society.
PM28A is a major intrinsic protein of the spinach leaf plasma membrane and the major phosphoprotein. Phosphorylation of PM28A is dependent in vivo on the apoplastic water potential and in vitro on ...submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+. Here, we demonstrate that PM28A is an aquaporin and that its water channel activity is regulated by phosphorylation. Wild-type and mutant forms of PM28A, in which putative phosphorylation sites had been knocked out, were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the resulting increase in osmotic water permeability was measured in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of protein kinases (K252a) or of an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (okadaic acid). The results indicate that the water channel activity of PM2BA is regulated by phosphorylatlon of two serine residues, Ser-115 in the first cytoplasmic loop and Ser-274 in the C-terminal region. Labeling of spinach leaves with 32P-orthophosphate and subsequent sequencing of PM28A-derived peptides demonstrated that Ser-274 is phosphorylated in vivo, whereas phosphorylation of Ser-115, a residue conserved among all plant plasma membrane aquaporins, could not be demonstrated. This identifies Ser-274 of PM28A as the amino acid residue being phosphorylated in vivo in response to increasing apoplastic water potential and dephosphorylated in response to decreasing water potential. Taken together, our results suggest an active role for PM28A in maintaining cellular water balance
Abstract Objective The study objective was to explore the main concern of individuals living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and how they handle this in daily life. For improved ...management and follow-up, it is important to understand how the ICD affects the recipient’s daily life. Methods A grounded theory method was used. Sixteen Swedish recipients (9 men) living with an ICD for 6 to 24 months were interviewed. Results The core category labeled, “Incorporating uncertainty in daily life,” illuminates the main concern. To handle uncertainty, recipients used the following strategies: restricting activities, distracting oneself, accepting being an ICD recipient, and reevaluating life. Conclusion Recipients were not paralyzed by uncertainty. Instead, they incorporated uncertainty in life by using strategies to handle their daily life. Questions, comments, and plans for supportive communication were provided, which can be used by healthcare professionals in cardiac rehabilitation.
This study is an analysis of the book cover images of a selection of Swedish crime literature, published in Greece and the Spanish-speaking world in the period of 2000-2017. Covers are crucial to the ...paratextual signal system (Genette, 1991); departing from theories on paratext within translation studies, we aim to compare the original book covers to the covers of the translated volumes. Do the Greek and Spanish book markets emphasise the stereotypical images of the North that have been identified in studies on borealism (Chartier, 2008)? The image covers of the original and the translated editions were examined by means of a content analysis, complemented by an empirical study. The examination of the sample did not unambiguously indicate that the translated editions draw more heavily on the Nordic origin. Similarly, not all covers of the translations revealed belonging to the crime genre.
The aquaporin PM28A is one of the major integral proteins in spinach leaf plasma membranes. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Ser274 at the C-terminus and of Ser115 in the first cytoplasmic loop ...has been shown to regulate the water channel activity of PM28A when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. To understand the mechanisms of the phosphorylation-mediated gating of the channel the structure of PM28A is required. In a first step we have used the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for expression of the pm28a gene. The expressed protein has a molecular mass of 32462 Da as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, forms tetramers as revealed by electron microscopy and is functionally active when reconstituted in proteoliposomes. PM28A was efficiently solubilized from urea- and alkali-stripped Pichia membranes by octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside resulting in a final yield of 25 mg of purified protein per liter of cell culture.
Delay in seeking care remains a problem for many patients with myocardial infarction. There is a great deal of knowledge available about clinical factors contributing to this delay, while studies ...focusing on the patients' own experiences are few.
Describe variations in how individuals perceived suffering symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction.
A qualitative method using phenomenographic design was applied. Interviews were conducted with 15 strategically selected patients with myocardial infarction.
Eight sub-categories in the pre-hospital phase were summarised into three categories: manageability, vulnerability, and interaction. To manage their situation, patients expressed a need to understand it and to have a similar situation to compare with. They also described coping with the arising threat to their lives by self-medication or denying their symptoms. Patients expressed vulnerability, with feelings of anxiety, both as triggers and barriers to seeking medical care. In interaction with others, psychosocial support and guidance from the environment, was fundamental in helping the patients to manage the situation.
There were large variations in myocardial infarction patients' conceptions of the event. To improve disease management in the pre-hospital phase, the awareness of this large variation in conceptions about suffering symptoms of an myocardial infarction could be used in the dialogue between patients and health care professionals, in cardiac prevention programmes, as well as in health care education.
El presente es un estudio diacrónico de la literatura de los cursos de grado de español en la Universidad de Lund desde el año 1970 hasta 2015. Indagando en la función de portero de la asignatura del ...español, se analiza el corpus de obras a partir de las siguientes tres hipótesis: la literatura del español tiene un perfil más contemporáneo que clásico-canónico; en la literatura de los cursos prevalece la peninsular hasta los años ’80; y, finalmente, hasta los años ’90 hay una predominancia de obras de autoría masculina. Por medio del análisis de una muestra de los años 1970, 1985, 2000 y 2015 se han confirmado las dos primeras suposiciones, mientras que la tercera se mostró errónea: es solo en el año 2015 cuando se produce un “giro femenino”, instalándose un equilibrio entre la literatura escrita por mujeres y por hombres. Se ha visto que este sesgo masculino se refleja también en lo que hemos llamado el canon local de autores de Lund: entre los cinco autores cuyas obras aparecen a lo largo de los 45 años comprendidos en nuestro estudio solo hay una mujer, Ana María Matute. Los otros cuatro son Borges, García Lorca, Unamuno y Vargas Llosa.
This diachronic study investigates the works of fiction that were listed in the reading lists for graduate courses in Spanish at Lund University between the years 1970 and 2015. The study focuses on ...the role of Spanish as a literary gatekeeper and analyzes the literary corpus from three assumptions: that the literature listed has a contemporary profile, rather than a classical-canonical one; that peninsular Spanish literature dominated the reading lists at the expense of Latin American literature until the 1980s; and, finally, that until the 1990s the reading lists were dominated by male authors. Sample surveys of the reading lists from 1970, 1985, 2000 and 2015 confirm the first two assumptions, whereas the third one is proven to be incorrect: only in 2015 can a true "feminine turn" be found, as a more equal balance between female and male authors was struck in the lists. The predominance of male authors can also be found in what I have chosen to call the local canon of authors: during the 45 years that were investigated, works by five authors recur, only one of whom is a woman, Ana María Matute. The other authors are Borges, García Lorca, Unamuno and Vargas Llosa.
This study is an analysis of the book cover images of a selection of Swedish crime literature, published in Greece and the Spanish-speaking world in the period of 2000-2017. Covers are crucial to the ...paratextual signal system (Genette, 1991); departing from theories on paratext within translation studies, we aim to compare the original book covers to the covers of the translated volumes. Do the Greek and Spanish book markets emphasise the stereotypical images of the North that have been identified in studies on borealism (Chartier, 2008)? The image covers of the original and the translated editions were examined by means of a content analysis, complemented by an empirical study. The examination of the sample did not unambiguously indicate that the translated editions draw more heavily on the Nordic origin. Similarly, not all covers of the translations revealed belonging to the crime genre.
Abstract in Spanish:Este estudio presenta un análisis de las cubiertas de una selección de novelas negras suecas, publicadas en Grecia y en el mundo hispanohablante durante el periodo de 2000-2017. Las imágenes de cubierta son importantes en el sistema paratextual (Genette, 1991); a partir de las teorías sobre el paratexto aplicadas al campo de los estudios de traducción, proponemos comparar las cubiertas originales con las de las ediciones traducidas. Las casas editoriales, al publicar las novelas en Grecia y en el mundo hispanohablante, ¿enfatizan los estereotipos del norte que han contestar a esta pregunta, se ha examinado las imágenes mediante un análisis de contenido, completado por un estudio empírico. El resultado no indicó inequívocamente que las ediciones traducidas sacaran sido identificadas en estudios sobre el borealismo (Chartier, 2008)? Para partido del origen nórdico y, del mismo modo, todas las cubiertas no revelaron que la novela perteneciera al género negro.
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