COVID-19 has shone a spotlight on many areas of inequality. Despite its public commitment to gender equality, Australia's Morrison government has been accused of implementing economic stimulus ...policies in response to the pandemic that are often 'gender blind' and disadvantage women. This article examines both the Morrison government's gender equality policies and key criticisms of its economic measures. It argues that the government's claimed 'gender blindness' results not so much from an opposition to gender equality policy as from a particular neoliberal framing of it.
This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for measurement of water-leaving radiance in the context of fiducial reference measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. ...Measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the former there are four generic families of method, based on: (1) underwater radiometry at fixed depths; or (2) underwater radiometry with vertical profiling; or (3) above-water radiometry with skyglint correction; or (4) on-water radiometry with skylight blocked. Each method is described generically in the FRM context with reference to the measurement equation, documented implementations and the intra-method diversity of deployment platform and practice. Ideal measurement conditions are stated, practical recommendations are provided on best practice and guidelines for estimating the measurement uncertainty are provided for each protocol-related component of the measurement uncertainty budget. The state of the art for measurement of water-leaving radiance is summarized, future perspectives are outlined, and the question of which method is best adapted to various circumstances (water type, wavelength) is discussed. This review is based on practice and papers of the aquatic optics community for the validation of water reflectance estimated from satellite data but can be relevant also for other applications such as the development or validation of algorithms for remote-sensing estimation of water constituents including chlorophyll a concentration, inherent optical properties and related products.
This paper presents research on the response and behavior of both high strength concrete (107 MPa) and normal strength concrete (27.6 MPa) slabs doubly reinforced with high strength low alloy ...vanadium (HSLA-V) reinforcement (VR) and conventional steel reinforcing bars (NR) subjected to explosive loads. Four types of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs namely High Strength Concrete (HSC) with HSLA-V Steel Reinforcing bars (HSC-VR), High Strength Concrete with Conventional Steel Reinforcing bars (HSC-NR), Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) with HSLA-V Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-VR), and Normal Strength Concrete with Conventional Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-NR) have been studied and compared both experimentally and numerically. The slabs were subjected to blast loads using a shock tube capable of generating both positive and negative phase pressures. Data collected during the dynamic experiments consisted of reflected pressure obtained from several pressure gages arranged along the perimeter of the test article and mid-span deflections captured from an accelerometer, a laser device, and high speed video. The numerical analysis was performed with the commercial program LS-DYNA using two material models. The concrete material models considered were Winfrith Concrete Model (WCM) and Concrete Damage Model Release 3 (CDMR3). Results from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental values to determine material parameters and other finite element model related constraints. Mesh sensitivity and crack propagation studies were also conducted. From this study it was observed that CDMR3 and WCM can be used over a wider range of concrete compressive strengths. The advantages and disadvantages of using high strength materials are discussed.
•Experimental data from uniform blast loading on doubly reinforced concrete slabs presented.•Comparison of performance of combination of slabs made of high strength concrete and steel.•Finite element analysis using two concrete models in LSDYNA gave good comparison with deflection data.•High strength concrete was very effective in reducing the level of response.•Default material models with default properties can be used to reasonably predict the response of such slabs.
A 3-D instrument self-shading correction has been developed for the MOBY upwelling radiance measurements. This correction was tested using the 23 year time series of MOBY measurements, at the Lanai, ...Hawaii site. The correction is small (less than 2%) except when the sun and collectors are aligned within 20
°
azimuth on opposite sides of the main MOBY structure. Estimates of the correction uncertainty were made with a Monte-Carlo method and the variation of the model input parameters at this site. The correction uncertainty was generally less than 1%, but increased to 30% of the correction in the strongest shadow region.
Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) is a guideline-specified treatment option for early-stage lung cancer. However, significant posttreatment fibrosis can occur and obfuscate the detection ...of local recurrence. The goal of this study was to assess physician ability to detect timely local recurrence and to compare physician performance with a radiomics tool.
Posttreatment computed tomography (CT) scans (n=182) from 45 patients treated with SABR (15 with local recurrence matched to 30 with no local recurrence) were used to measure physician and radiomic performance in assessing response. Scans were individually scored by 3 thoracic radiation oncologists and 3 thoracic radiologists, all of whom were blinded to clinical outcomes. Radiomic features were extracted from the same images. Performances of the physician assessors and the radiomics signature were compared.
When taking into account all CT scans during the whole follow-up period, median sensitivity for physician assessment of local recurrence was 83% (range, 67%-100%), and specificity was 75% (range, 67%-87%), with only moderate interobserver agreement (κ = 0.54) and a median time to detection of recurrence of 15.5 months. When determining the early prediction of recurrence within <6 months after SABR, physicians assessed the majority of images as benign injury/no recurrence, with a mean error of 35%, false positive rate (FPR) of 1%, and false negative rate (FNR) of 99%. At the same time point, a radiomic signature consisting of 5 image-appearance features demonstrated excellent discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, classification error of 24%, FPR of 24%, and FNR of 23%.
These results suggest that radiomics can detect early changes associated with local recurrence that are not typically considered by physicians. This decision support system could potentially allow for early salvage therapy of patients with local recurrence after SABR.
System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) ensures a relative radiometric calibration to satellite ocean color sensors that minimizes uncertainties in the water-leaving radiance Lw derived from the top of ...atmosphere radiance LT. This is achieved through the application of gain-factors, g-factors, to pre-launch absolute radiometric calibration coefficients of the satellite sensor corrected for temporal changes in radiometric sensitivity. The g-factors are determined by the ratio of simulated to measured spectral LT values where the former are computed using: i. highly accurate in situ Lw reference measurements; and ii. the same atmospheric models and algorithms applied for the atmospheric correction of satellite data. By analyzing basic relations between relative uncertainties of Lw and LT, and g-factors consistently determined for the same satellite mission using different in situ data sources, this work suggests that the creation of ocean color Climate Data Records (CDRs) should ideally rely on: i. one main long-term in situ calibration system (site and radiometry) established and sustained with the objective to maximize accuracy and precision over time of g-factors and thus minimize possible biases among satellite data products from different missions; and additionally ii. unique (i.e., standardized) atmospheric model and algorithms for atmospheric correction to maximize cross-mission consistency of data products at locations different from that supporting SVC. Finally, accounting for results from the study and elements already provided in literature, requirements and recommendations for SVC sites and field radiometric measurements are streamlined.
•System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) for satellite ocean color (OC) sensors.•Uncertainties in SVC correction factors supporting OC Climate Data Records (CDRs).•Recommendations for sites and in situ SVC measurements supporting OC CDRs.
FROM OBAMA TO ABBOTT Johnson, Carol
Australian feminist studies,
20/3/1/, Letnik:
28, Številka:
75
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract This article analyses how politicians' use of emotion is gendered. Key Australian, US and UK politicians studied include Obama, George W. Bush, Hillary Clinton, Cameron, Rudd, Abbott and ...Gillard. Emotions analysed range from fear to compassion. A particular focus is placed on issues of masculinity; however, the implications for constructions of both femininity and masculinity will be considered, including arguments that female politicians face particular problems in utilising emotion, for example, in projecting an image of being both tough and compassionate. It will be argued that it is not just that politicians' use of emotion intersects with issues of gender but that particular gendered identities are a key vehicle via which emotion is deployed. Consequently, the analysis contributes new insights to both the literature on the politics of emotion and the literature on masculinity and gender.
Biological Mn oxidation is responsible for producing highly reactive and abundant Mn oxide phases in the environment that can mitigate metal contamination. However, little is known about Mn oxidation ...in low-pH environments, where metal contamination often is a problem as the result of mining activities. We isolated two Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) at pH 5.5 (Duganella isolate AB_14 and Albidiferax isolate TB-2) and nine strains at pH 7 from a former uranium mining site. Isolate TB-2 may contribute to Mn oxidation in the acidic Mn-rich subsoil, as a closely related clone represented 16% of the total community. All isolates oxidized Mn over a small pH range, and isolates from low-pH samples only oxidized Mn below pH 6. Two strains with different pH optima differed in their Fe requirements for Mn oxidation, suggesting that Mn oxidation by the strain found at neutral pH was linked to Fe oxidation. Isolates tolerated Ni, Cu, and Cd and produced Mn oxides with similarities to todorokite and birnessite, with the latter being present in subsurface layers where metal enrichment was associated with Mn oxides. This demonstrates that MOB can be involved in the formation of biogenic Mn oxides in both moderately acidic and neutral pH environments.
This review article, written for the fiftieth anniversary of the Australian Journal of Political Science (formerly Politics), analyses articles focusing on women, gender and feminism that were ...published in the journal. The analysis demonstrates that the study of gender is relevant to a broad range of fields, and methodological approaches used, in political science. It also demonstrates that political science knowledge is itself historically and socially constructed, reflecting both traditional social power relations and the influence of the social movements that challenge them. Consequently, key articles have drawn attention to the ways in which the frameworks of mainstream forms of political science were gender-biased and have sometimes continued to be so, particularly in terms of narrow constructions of the 'political'. Such narrow constructions may still be contributing to some ongoing gaps in the literature, despite the important contributions made by work published in the journal.
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