The first concerns the Punjabi passengers of the immigrant ship the Komagata Maru who made a valiant but futile bid for legal admission to Canada in the summer of 1914 (Figure i).1 The second ...concerns the revolutionary Ghadr (Mutiny) Party, formed by South Asians in San Francisco in 1913, which attempted and desperately failed to instigate an Indian Army-led rebellion against British rule during the First World War.2 This was a party with active support from the pioneer population of Punjabi Sikhs and other South Asians living, working, and studying in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. ...these emigrant communities were political hothouses in which national political aspirations moved far ahead of those held by the public in India.6 The leaders of the South Asian community in British Columbia encouraged the Komagata Maru and its passengers to test Canada's immigration regulations, and they also spoke, petitioned, and organized against the subordination, or the second-class citizenship, of Indians in their own country.
Jewels of the Qila Johnston, Hugh J. M
Jewels of the Qila,
c2011, 2011, 20110101
eBook
This story about a remarkable Sikh family living in British Columbia tells a larger tale about an immigrant community's triumphs and tribulations and the strong connections that Indo-Canadians ...continue to forge with their homeland.
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of sertraline in children (6 to 12 years old) and adolescents (13 to 17 years old).
Children (n = 29) and adolescents (n = 32) with major ...depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or both received a single dose of 50 mg of sertraline followed, 1 week later, by 35 days of sertraline treatment as follows: (1) either a starting dose of 25 mg/day titrated to 200 mg/day in 25-mg increments or (2) a starting dose of 50 mg/day titrated to 200 mg/day in 50-mg increments. Sertraline and desmethylsertraline pharmacokinetics were determined approximately weekly, and efficacy measures were assessed before drug administration and at the end of treatment.
Mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and elimination half-life (t1/2) for sertraline and desmethylsertraline were similar to previously reported adult values. No titration-dependent pharmacokinetic or safety differences were seen. While Cmax and AUC0-24 were greater for children versus adolescents, these differences disappeared after parameters were normalized for body weight. Sertraline was well tolerated in both children and adolescents, with adverse experiences similar to those previously reported by adult patients. Efficacy measurements indicated improvement (p < .001) in depression and OCD symptomatology.
Sertraline can be safely administered to pediatric patients using the currently recommended adult titration schedule.
Plasma solutes that inhibit ACE physiologically are dialyzable, which questions effects of hemodialysis on ACE activities. Commercial ACE assays use substrate at >Km, which obscures effects of the ...inhibitors. Still, such assays reveal that plasma ACE activities are increased by hemodialysis. We assayed ACE of plasmas (54 patients) taken at the beginning of dialysis (PRE) and at the end (POST). The commercial hippuryl‐Gly‐Gly kit was used (substrate >Km). Results (mean±SD): PRE 109±27.4 units; POST 121±28.6 units; p=0.029. To distinguish loss of inhibitors from a true increase in ACE content (a possible membrane effect), we used the first order 3Hhippuryl‐His‐Leu assay described in the accompanying . Plasmas of 37 healthy adults were used as controls (C). Total ACE was not increased by dialysis: PRE 0.387±0.118/min v. POST 0.431±0.147/min, p>0.1, and did not differ from C: 0.3755±0.098/min, p>0.1. However, net ACE activities and % inhibition differed: PRE net ACE 0.022±0.006/min, POST 0.0402±0.0125/min, p<0.001; C 0.045±0.003/min (p<0.001 v. PRE and POST); % inhibition PRE 94.1±1.54, POST 90.4±2.46, p<0.001, C 88.23±5.04, p<0.001 v. PRE and POST. Dialysis nearly doubled net ACE but not to normal. Clearly, ACE is heavily inhibited in hemodialysis patients, an inhibition partially relieved by dialysis. Does this help explain why dialysis patients are highly sensitive to ACE inhibitor medications?
