•We study the impact of the stay-at-home policies to combat SARS-Covid-19 on domestic violence.•We focus on Peru, a country that imposed a strict lockdown and where nearly 60% of women experienced ...violence before COVID-19.•Calls to helpline Línea 100 increased by 48 percent between March and July 2020, with larger effects in later months.•The rise in calls is found in all states and it is not driven by any particular demographic group or by previous prevalence of domestic violence.
Stay-at-home policies have been implemented worldwide to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is a growing concern that such policies could increase violence against women. We find evidence in support of this critical concern. We focus on Peru, a country that imposed a strict nationwide lockdown starting in mid-March and where nearly 60% of women already experienced violence before COVID-19. Using administrative data on phone calls to the helpline for domestic violence (Línea 100), we find that the incidence rate of the calls increased by 48 percent between April and July 2020, with effects increasing over time. The rise in calls is found across all states and it is not driven by baseline characteristics, including previous prevalence of violence against women. These findings create the need to identify policies to mitigate the negative impact of stay-at-home orders on women’s safety.
Résumé
Contexte
La paralysie diaphragmatique unilatérale (PDU) peut potentiellement aggraver les troubles respiratoires du sommeil (TRS). La PDU est associée aux blocs du plexus brachial proximal, ...tel que les blocs interscalénique et supraclaviculaire. L’impact de la PDU chez les patients atteints de TRS n’est pas connu dans ce contexte. Les objectifs de cette revue exploratoire étaient d’explorer les associations entre la PDU et l’aggravation de la sévérité des TRS, l’oxygénation, et la fonction pulmonaire.
Méthode
Une recherche systématique a été mise au point, évaluée par des pairs et appliquée aux bases de données Embase, Medline, CINAHL et Cochrane afin d’inclure les études portant sur des patients adultes (≥ 18 ans) atteints de TRS, où les effets d’une PDU sur la sévérité des TRS, sur l’oxygénation et la fonction pulmonaire étaient examinés.
Résultats
Six études (
n
= 100 patients) portant sur la PDU et les TRS ont été incluses. La population étudiée provenait exclusivement de cliniques de respirologie-sommeil, et ne comptait aucun patient chirurgical. Comparativement au groupe témoin (aucune PDU), la PDU a été associée à un index accru de troubles respiratoires, lesquels étaient les plus prononcés pendant le sommeil paradoxal et en position de décubitus dorsal. Le sommeil en décubitus dorsal et le sommeil paradoxal ont été associés à des événements obstructifs et mixtes (obstructifs et centraux), respectivement. Comparativement au groupe témoin, la PDU a été associée à une saturation en oxygène et à une tension artérielle d’oxygène moyennes et minimales inférieures pendant tous les stades de sommeil et dans toutes les positions. Chez la majorité des patients atteints de PDU, des réductions cliniquement significatives des valeurs du volume expiratoire forcé moyen en une seconde et de la capacité vitale forcée ont été observées, des données compatibles avec une physiologie respiratoire restrictive.
Conclusion
Nous avons observé une association entre la paralysie diaphragmatique unilatérale et une sévérité augmentée des troubles respiratoires du sommeil, particulièrement pendant le sommeil paradoxal et en décubitus dorsal. Malgré l’identification de faiblesses dans la conception des études et d’un manque de données périopératoires, les anesthésiologistes devraient garder à l’esprit cette association lorsqu’ils envisagent un bloc du plexus brachial proximal chez les patients souffrant de TRS.
Highlights • An overview of the recent progresses in rhizosphere interaction networks, especially of the crops was provided. • The unprecedented holistic view of the root-soil-rhizomicrobiome ...interactions was discussed. • The potential strategies to manage the complex rhizosphere interactions for enhancing crop production were proposed.
There is a concerted understanding of the ability of root exudates to influence the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. However, our knowledge of the connection between plant development, ...root exudation and microbiome assemblage is limited. Here, we analyzed the structure of the rhizospheric bacterial community associated with Arabidopsis at four time points corresponding to distinct stages of plant development: seedling, vegetative, bolting and flowering. Overall, there were no significant differences in bacterial community structure, but we observed that the microbial community at the seedling stage was distinct from the other developmental time points. At a closer level, phylum such as Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and specific genera within those phyla followed distinct patterns associated with plant development and root exudation. These results suggested that the plant can select a subset of microbes at different stages of development, presumably for specific functions. Accordingly, metatranscriptomics analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that 81 unique transcripts were significantly (P<0.05) expressed at different stages of plant development. For instance, genes involved in streptomycin synthesis were significantly induced at bolting and flowering stages, presumably for disease suppression. We surmise that plants secrete blends of compounds and specific phytochemicals in the root exudates that are differentially produced at distinct stages of development to help orchestrate rhizosphere microbiome assemblage.
•We examine the impact of the H1N1 pandemic in Mexico on health outcomes.•The pandemic led to a decline in diarrheal diseases among children 5 and under.•The unexpected nature and magnitude of the ...pandemic led to changes in behavior.•Implications for the production of health outcomes and policy are discussed.
Worldwide, the leading causes of death could be avoided with health behaviors that are low-cost but also difficult to adopt. We show that exogenous health shocks could facilitate the adoption of these behaviors and provide long-lasting effects on health outcomes. Specifically, we exploit the spatial and temporal variation of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in Mexico and show that areas with a higher incidence of H1N1 experienced larger reductions in diarrhea-related cases among young children. These reductions continue even three years after the shock ended. Health improvements and evidence of information seeking via Google searches were consistent with changes in hand washing behaviors. Several robustness checks validate our findings and mechanism.
The SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Its main transmission pathway is through large respiratory droplets, as well ...as direct and indirect contact. Copper in different formats has been used in research and clinical settings to reduce the risk of bacterial and viral contamination. Therefore, this review aims to search for evidence about the biocidal properties of copper over the Coronaviridae family. A literature review was performed using PubMed and Ovid servers without date or language restrictions. The search was carried out on March 7, 2020, using the following search terms: Copper Coronavirus OR CoV OR SARS OR MERS OR Influenza. Copper destroys the replication and propagation abilities of SARS-CoV, influenza, and other respiratory viruses, having high potential disinfection in hospitals, communities, and households. Copper can eliminate pathogenic organisms such as coronavirus bacterial strains, influenza virus, HIV, and fungi after a short period of exposure. Copper seems to be an effective and low-cost complementary strategy to help reduce the transmission of several infectious diseases by limiting nosocomial infectious transmission. Copper oxide or nanocompounds may be used as filters, face masks, clothing, and hospital common surfaces to reduce viruses and bacterial incubation.
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Attributes and predictors of long COVID Sudre, Carole H; Murray, Benjamin; Varsavsky, Thomas ...
Nature medicine,
04/2021, Letnik:
27, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Reports of long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, the so-called 'long COVID', are rising but little is known about prevalence, risk factors or whether it is possible to predict a ...protracted course early in the disease. We analyzed data from 4,182 incident cases of COVID-19 in which individuals self-reported their symptoms prospectively in the COVID Symptom Study app
. A total of 558 (13.3%) participants reported symptoms lasting ≥28 days, 189 (4.5%) for ≥8 weeks and 95 (2.3%) for ≥12 weeks. Long COVID was characterized by symptoms of fatigue, headache, dyspnea and anosmia and was more likely with increasing age and body mass index and female sex. Experiencing more than five symptoms during the first week of illness was associated with long COVID (odds ratio = 3.53 (2.76-4.50)). A simple model to distinguish between short COVID and long COVID at 7 days (total sample size, n = 2,149) showed an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 76%, with replication in an independent sample of 2,472 individuals who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This model could be used to identify individuals at risk of long COVID for trials of prevention or treatment and to plan education and rehabilitation services.
Temporal information retrieval has been a topic of great interest in recent years. Its purpose is to improve the effectiveness of information retrieval methods by exploiting temporal information in ...documents and queries. In this article, we present a survey of the existing literature on temporal information retrieval. In addition to giving an overview of the field, we categorize the relevant research, describe the main contributions, and compare different approaches. We organize existing research to provide a coherent view, discuss several open issues, and point out some possible future research directions in this area. Despite significant advances, the area lacks a systematic arrangement of prior efforts and an overview of state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, an effective end-to-end temporal retrieval system that exploits temporal information to improve the quality of the presented results remains undeveloped.
A total of 2,618,862 participants reported their potential symptoms of COVID-19 on a smartphone-based app. Among the 18,401 who had undergone a SARS-CoV-2 test, the proportion of participants who ...reported loss of smell and taste was higher in those with a positive test result (4,668 of 7,178 individuals; 65.03%) than in those with a negative test result (2,436 of 11,223 participants; 21.71%) (odds ratio = 6.74; 95% confidence interval = 6.31-7.21). A model combining symptoms to predict probable infection was applied to the data from all app users who reported symptoms (805,753) and predicted that 140,312 (17.42%) participants are likely to have COVID-19.
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