Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con reacciones alérgicas a J3 - Lactámicos claramente demostrados por las manifestaciones clínicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la importancia del núcleo (3 ...-Lactúmico y las cadenas laterales en la inducción de IgE específica para BPO, Ax y Anip por medio de las pruebas cutáneas y el RA ST para estos determinantes. Este grupo se dividió previamente por historia clínica en: 1 - Acelerados (n: 19); 2 - Inmediatos (n:11). Las pruebas del Prick se realizaron con BPO-PL, Ax-PL, Amp-PL, MDM de BR MDM de Ax y MDM de Amp. Presentando en el grupo acelerado: 2 (-1-) a 13P0,4(+) Ax/Amp, 13(+) a todos los reactivos (BPO- Ax - Amp - MDM BP/Ax/Amp). Los pacientes con reacción inmediata: ¡Ocasos (+) a MDM -BPy l(-1-) MDM -Amp. Estos pacientes fueron estudiados con la técnica del RAST para BPO - PL, Ax-PL, Amp PL y PL. Se consideró como línea de corte positiva al nivel ~ a 1524 cpm, tomado tic la curva estandar de Pharniacia Los pacientes con reacción acelerada presentaron en 13/19 casos RAST (+) a BPO- PL, 1/19 (+) BPO- Ax/PL, 3 /19(4) Ax-PL. 1/19 (4-) Am/PL y 1 negativo para todos los reactivos estudiados. Los pacientes con reación inmediata (n: II) en todos los casos lueron negativos para todos los reactivos estudiados. El grupo control (1):20) presentó en 1/20 casos positividad por Prick a Ax- PL y 19 casos negatividad total a todos los reactivos. Los RAST a todos los reactivos fueron negativos en todos los individuos estudiados. Estos resultados indican que la bencilpenicilina (BPO) es el más importante determinante y las cadenas laterales (Ax y Amp) son otros determinantes antigéntcos en -los (3-Lactúmicos, siendo cada uno tIc ellos inductores de un tipo de IgL específica y que raramente aparece una respuesta ¡gE a dos determinantes diferentes en un mismo sujeto. Las pruebas cutáneas son el método de elección para el estudio de alergia a penicilina ya que con el método in vitro se cubre un espectro menor (le reactivos que los que producen reacción acelerada (MDM).
Chemokines are important players in the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The participation of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (CCL21) is essential in the induction of the disease ...due to its expression in lymphatic vessels and in secondary lymphoid organs. Since there is no information about its participation during the effector phase of ACD, we studied this chemokine in patients already diagnosed with ACD, who were challenged with the relevant positive and negative (control) antigens. All patients showed a specific antigen-induced immune response characterized by early expression of inflammatory markers in blood endothelial cells followed by dermal accumulation of mononuclear cells with an important increase in infiltration of CXCR3+ but not of CCR7+ cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed low levels of CCL21 in lymphatic vessels at 2 h, whereas they were significantly increased at 10 and 48 h in all positive patch tests. In contrast, very low expression of this chemokine was observed in skin biopsies from the control site at 48 h. In addition, Langerin+ cells, which were present in dermis from positive patch tests at 2 h, were diminished in number at 10 and 48 h, but a significant number of those cells was still present in dermal areas of the control site at 48 h. We demonstrate for the first time that CCL21, a constitutively expressed chemokine, is strongly upregulated in human lymphatic vessels during a Th1/Tc1 allergic inflammatory response. This can provide the signal required for CCR7+ cells to leave the skin through CCL21-positive lymphatic vessels.
This is a secondary data-based study conducted to investigate whether gender is related to acceptance. Two Brazilian Medical Schools, Universities A and B, were studied. Their entrance exams (EE) ...were analysed and the number of candidates who took the EE was compared to the number of students admitted to the MS according to gender, in the period between 1995 and 2009. The same data from MS in the United States in 2011 was also evaluated. There was an increase in the percentage of female applicants but it did not correspond to the percentage of admitted students of the same gender. There was a trend of selecting men. At A, 39.3% of the applicants and 47% of the admitted students were men (OR = 1.37; CI95% = 1.24 – 1.51). In B, men represented 39.3% of the applicants and 65.4% of the admitted students (OR = 2.93; CI 95% = 2.76 – 3.11). This was not seen in US MS. The analysis of the EE suggests that the greater selection of men could be a product of EE format.
Este é um estudo de dados secundários para investigar se o gênero é um fator determinante na admissão do vestibular de Medicina. O vestibular de duas escolas médicas (EM) brasileiras, universidades A e B, foi analisado, e o número de candidatos de cada vestibular foi comparado ao número de alunos matriculados em cada EM de acordo com o gênero no período de 1995 a 2009. Os mesmos dados disponíveis dos Estados Unidos (EUA) em 2011 foram avaliados. Notou-se um aumento do número de mulheres prestando vestibular de Medicina, mas este aumento não correspondeu à porcentagem de mulheres matriculadas. Houve uma tendência a selecionar mais homens. Em A, 39,3% dos candidatos e 47% dos estudantes admitidos eram homens (OR = 1,37; IC95% = 1,24 – 1,51). Em B, os homens representavam 39,3% dos candidatos e 65,4% dos estudantes admitidos (OR = 2,93; IC95% = 2,76 – 3,11). Estes resultados não foram confirmados nas EM dos EUA. A análise do EE sugere que a maior seleção de homens poderia ser produto do formato dos vestibulares.
The efficacy and safety of ketotifen eye drop treatment in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) management is perfectly known by several studies, but the mechanism of action at the biochemical levels is ...poorly understood so we decided to perform an open, uncontrolled study in order to investigate the effect of the topical administration of ketotifen fumarate 0.05% on biochemical markers of inflammation on conjunctival cells in patients with AC.
Nineteen patients with symptoms and signs of AC (itching, discharge, burning, redness, increase in the watery discharge, swelling and follicles) and with a history of allergy were prescribed with two daily instillation of one drop of eyewash ketotifen fumarate 0,05% in both eyes during thirty days. They were studied by measuring clinical and immunologic parameters.
Ketotifen fumarate treatment significantly reduced the total symptoms and signs score for each patient as well as each symptoms and signs at all time points compared with day 0 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.016, respectively). Although the percentage of HLA-DR+ epithelial cells diminished only in 58% of patients, the numbers of CD29+ and eotaxin+ epithelial cells dropped significantly in 68% and 73 % of them (p < 0.0062 and <0.0082, respectively) as a consequence of the treatment. In 9 out of 19 patients a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of epithelial cells positive for CD29 and eotaxin was observed.
Ketotifen besides the well-known effect in reducing signs and symptoms of AC significantly diminished production of eotaxin and expression of CD29 by epithelial cells in patients with seasonal AC.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is regarded as a T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. We studied the kinetics of the expression of CS-1 fibronectin, thymus and ...activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17/ TARC) and different chemokine receptors (CR) in skin biopsies from individuals suffering from back problems, with the antigen responsible of their contact dermatitis and an irrelevant antigen.
Samples were taken at 2, 10, and 48 hours for histological and immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies against human CS-1 fibronectin, CCL17, CD3, CD68, CD49d, CXCR3, CCR5, and CCR3.
At positive antigen stimulated sites there was an early expression of CS-1 fibronectin (2 hours), followed by CCL17 and a later accumulation of alplha4/beta1+ (CD49d), CD3+, CD68+, CXCR3+ and CCR5+ mononuclear cells. At 48 hours, approximately 59 % of infiltrating cells were CXCR3+, 42% CCR5+, and only 14 % CCR3+.
These results showed for the first time a very early expression of CS-1 fibronectin which preceded production of CCL17 in blood endothelial cells (BCEs) from patients' skin with ACD. The role of these molecules in recruitment of monocytes and effector T cells in ACD is discussed.
Cytokine polymorphisms in patients with pemphigus EBERHARD, Yanina; BURGOS, Elisa; GAGLIARDI, Julio ...
Archives of Dermatological Research,
2005, 2005-Jan, 2005-1-00, 20050101, Letnik:
296, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this study was to assess whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms are among the factors ...influencing the development of pemphigus. Whole blood from 20 patients with pemphigus and 24 control subjects was taken. Genomic DNA was obtained and cytokine genotyping for IL-10 (-1082 G/A; -819 C/T), TGFB1 (codon 10 C/T, codon 25 G/C) and TNFA (-308 G/A) was performed using the ARMS-PCR method. The distribution of IL-10 (-819) alleles was significantly different between the pemphigus and control groups (P=0.009). In particular, allele T was associated with the disease (OR 3.291, 95% CI 1.350-8.020). Similar results were observed when only pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients were analyzed (P=0.012, OR 3.410, 95% CI 1.346-8.639). An increased frequency of the low producer IL-10 haplotype (-1082/-819 A/T) in patients with pemphigus compared with controls was observed (OR 2.714, 95% CI 1.102-6.685) and this association was also significant when only PV patients were considered (OR 2.667, 95% CI 1.043-6.816). There were no differences between patients and controls in the frequency of any other gene polymorphism analyzed. The increased frequency of the low producer IL-10 haplotype (-1082 /-819 A/T) suggest that the carriage of this haplotype might predispose to pemphigus or the high and intermediate producer haplotypes may be protective factors. The prevalence of the allele IL-10 (-819 T) in pemphigus patients cannot be explained by the current hypothesis, according to which a particular allele of the gene is associated with a different level of cytokine production and therefore affects the predisposition to a particular disease. However, this cytokine polymorphism might be linked to an unknown susceptibility factor.
Alternative use of the X-ray test to evaluate seed quality has become increasingly diverse. This study was performed primarily to establish experimental procedures and verify the effectiveness of the ...X-ray test to detect damage or abnormalities in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed structure associated with germination. Five seed lots each of hybrids Reinger and Sentinel were used. Two hundred seeds per lot were exposed to durations and intensities of X-radiation and visually classified into four categories according to the proportion between the area occupied by the embryo and endosperm in relation to the total cavity area in the internal seed structure, e.g. 0, < 50%, 50-75% and 100%. The last category was subdivided into two others based on the occurrence of morphological abnormalities. Seed samples obtained from different X-ray categories were then submitted to germination test at 25ºC for 14 days and subsequently compared with results of the X-ray analysis. Exposure to a 10 kV radiation for 260 s was the most suitable X-ray dose for visualizing seed structure. Seeds in which the area of the internal cavity occupied by the embryo and endosperm varied from 50-75% produced abnormal seedlings or did not germinate. Full seeds (100% of the internal cavity area occupied) with abnormal structure usually originated defective seedlings. As a consequence, the classification of bell pepper seeds according to the proportion occupied by the seed content (embryo + endosperm) allowed a reliable estimation of the degree of seed physical integrity based on X-ray analysis and its association with germination performance.
Unstable thoracolumbar spinal injuries benefit from surgical fixation. However, perioperative complications significantly affect outcomes in surgicallytreated spine patients. We evaluated ...associations between risk factors and postoperative complications in patients surgically treated for thoracolumbar spine fractures.
We conducted a retrospective multicenter study collating data from 21 spine centers across 9 countries on the treatment of AOSpine types B and C injuries of the thoracolumbar spine treated via a posterior approach. Comparative analysis was performed between patients with postoperative complications and those without. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.
Among 535 patients, at least 1 complication occurred in 43%. The most common surgical complication was surgical-site infection (6.9%), while the most common medical complication was urinary tract infection (13.8%). Among 136 patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scalelevel A disability, 77.9% experienced at least 1 complication. The rate of complications also rose sharply among patients waiting >3 days for surgery (P<0.001), peaking at 68.4% among patients waiting ≥30 days. On multivariable analysis, significant predictors of complications were surgery at a governmental hospital (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.73–6.60), having ≥1 comorbid illness (2.44, 1.61–3.70), surgery delayed due to health instability (2.56, 1.50–4.37), and ASIA Impairment Scalelevel A (3.36, 1.78–6.35), while absence of impairment (0.39, 0.22–0.71), ASIAlevel E (0.39, 0.22–0.67) and, unexpectedly, delay caused by operating room unavailability (0.60, 0.36–0.99) were protective.
Types B and C thoracolumbar spine injuries are associated with a high risk of postoperative complications, especially common at governmental hospitals, and among patients with comorbidity, health instability, longer delays to surgery, and worse preoperative neurologic status.
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