A unique assembly of a two-electron superatom, Ag10{S2P(O i Pr)2}8, as a primary building unit in the construction of a supramolecule Ag10{S2P(O i Pr)2}82(μ-4,4′-bpy) through a 4,4′-bipyridine ...(4,4′-bpy) linker is reported. This approach is facilitated by an open site in the structure that allows for effective pairing. The assembled structure demonstrates a minimal solvatochromic shift across organic solvents with variable polarities, highlighting the influence of self-assembly on the photophysical properties of silver nanoclusters.
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•Biodiesel synthesis using chicken manure biochar.•Establish a green platform for producing biodiesel using chicken manure biochar.•Enhanced yield of biodiesel using chicken manure ...biochar due to strong catalytic capability.•95.6% of the FAME yield using chicken manure biochar generated from 350°C.
This study laid an emphasis on the possible employment of biochar generated from pyrolysis of chicken manure to establish a green platform for producing biodiesel. To this end, the pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil was investigated. Compared with a commercial porous material (SiO2), chicken manure biochar generated from 350°C showed better performance, resulting in 95.6% of the FAME yield at 350°C. The Ca species in chicken manure biochar imparted strong catalytic capability by providing the basicity for transesterification. The identified catalytic effect also led to the thermal cracking of unsaturated FAMEs, which decreased the overall FAME yield. For example, 40–60% of converted FAMEs were thermally degraded. To avoid undesirable thermal cracking arising from the high content of the Ca species in chicken manure biochar, the fabrication of chicken manure biochar at temperatures ≥350°C was highly recommended.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surface roughness of resin composite on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in the presence of saliva. To provide uniform surface ...roughness on composites, disks were prepared by curing composite against 400-grit silicon carbide paper (SR400), 800-grit silicon carbide paper (SR800), or a glass slide (SRGlass). The surface roughness was examined using confocal laser microscopy. For biofilm formation, S. mutans was grown for 24 hours with each disk in a biofilm medium with either glucose or sucrose in the presence of fluid-phase or surface-adsorbed saliva. The adherent bacteria were quantified via enumeration of the total viable counts of bacteria. Biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscopy. This study showed that SR400 had deeper and larger, but fewer depressions than SR800. Compared to SRGlass and SR800, biofilm formation was significantly increased on SR400. In addition, the differences in the effect of surface roughness on the amount of biofilm formation were not significantly influenced by either the presence of saliva or the carbohydrate source. Considering that similar differences in surface roughness were observed between SR400 and SR800 and between SR800 and SRGlass, this study suggests that surface topography (size and depth of depressions) may play a more important role than surface roughness in biofilm formation of S. mutans .
We investigated the in vitro effect of As2O3 on proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis in human myeloma cell lines. As2O3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of all of eight ...myeloma cell lines examined in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of approximately 1-2 microM. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that As2O3 (2 microM) induced a G1 and/or a G2-M phase arrest in these cell lines. To address the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of As2O3, we examined the effect of As2O3 on cell cycle-related proteins in MC/CAR cells in which both G1 and G2-M phases were arrested. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with As2O3 (2 microM) for 72 h did not change the steady-state levels of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin B1 but decreased the levels of CDK6, cdc2, and cyclin A. The mRNA and protein levels of CDKI, p21 were increased by treatment with As2O3, but those of p27 were not. In addition, As2O3 markedly enhanced the binding of p21 with CDK6, cdc2, cyclin E, and cyclin A compared with untreated control cells. Furthermore, the activity of CDK6-associated kinase was reduced in association with hypophosphorylation of Rb protein. The activity of cdc2-associated kinase was decreased, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of cdc2 phosphorylation (cdc2-Tyr15 phosphorylation) resulting from reduction of cdc25B and cdc25C phosphatases. As2O3 also induced apoptosis in MC/CAR cells as evidenced by flow cytometric detection of sub-G1 DNA content and annexin V binding assay. This apoptotic process was associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi(m)), and an increase of caspase-3 activity. These results suggest that As2O3 inhibits the proliferation of myeloma cells, especially MC/CAR cells, via cell cycle arrest in association with induction of p21 and apoptosis.
Recently, urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase–2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor–7 (IGFBP-7), markers for G1 cell cycle arrest, have been identified and validated in predicting the ...development of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. It is unknown, however, whether these two biomarkers could predict the development of delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation (KT).
This is a single-center, prospective, observational study. We enrolled 74 patients who underwent KT between August 2013 and December 2016. Urine sample were collected immediately after the operation. The primary outcome was development of DGF as defined by need for dialysis of more than 1 session within 7 days of KT.
Twenty-three patients (31%) were diagnosed with DGF. In univariate analysis, kidneys from expanded criteria donors, higher donor serum creatinine, lower donor estimated glomerular filtration rate, antithymoglobulin exposure, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, and urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7 were significantly different between early graft function and DGF. However, in multivariate analysis adjusting other factors, deceased donor and urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7 at 0 hours post-transplantation could predict the development of DGF. The receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of DGF showed an area under the curve of 0.867 (sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.71) for a cutoff value of 1.39.
Our results indicate that urine TIMP-2·IGFBP7 immediately after transplantation could be an early, predictive biomarker of DGF in kidney transplantation.
•Urine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase–2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor–7 (GFBP7) are acute kidney injury biomarkers validated in sepsis groups and so on.•Immediate postoperative urine TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 can predict delayed graft function in kidney transplantation.•Urine TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 could be comparable to neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin.
The sudden emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused international anxiety owing to its highly contagious and pandemic transmission. Health workers are vulnerable and are at high ...risk of infection.
To assess SARS-related stress and its immediate psychological impact and responses among health workers.
Health workers in a tertiary hospital affected by SARS were invited to complete a questionnaire designed to evaluate exposure experience, psychological impact and psychiatric morbidity. The risk and rates of psychiatric morbidity were estimated for exposure experience.
Altogether, 1257 health workers successfully completed the survey. In the initial phase of the outbreak, when the infection was spreading rapidly, feelings of extreme vulnerability, uncertainty and threat to life were perceived, dominated by somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety. During the 'repair' phase, when the infection was being brought under control, depression and avoidance were evident. The estimated prevalence of psychiatric morbidity measured by the Chinese Health Questionnaire was about 75%.
The outbreak of SARS could be regarded as an acute episode of a bio-disaster, leading to a significantly high rate of psychiatric morbidity.
Two silver-rich M
alloy nanoclusters (NCs), Cu
Ag
{S
P(O
Pr)
}
(
) and Cu
AuAg
{S
P(O
Pr)
}
(
), were synthesized and fully characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NMR ...spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Cluster
, the first structurally characterized trimetallic M
NC, was produced by doping one Au atom into a bimetallic M
NC. Structural analyses showed the preferred positions of Group 11 metals in the yielded M
NCs. Their antioxidation ability has been investigated, and the time-dependent UV-vis spectrum shows that the presence of Cu
atoms in structures
and
can improve the antioxidant ability.
RF Performance of Stacked Si Nanosheet nFETs Lin, Hsin-Cheng; Chou, Tao; Chung, Chia-Che ...
IEEE transactions on electron devices,
10/2021, Letnik:
68, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Stacked nanosheet nFETs considering a six-stack four-finger transistor array are studied and optimized by validated TCAD simulation. Stacked Si nanosheet (NS) nFETs have lower parasitics than ...nFinFETs in the same six-fin/stack four-finger transistor array layout. With the same electron mobility, back-end-of-line (BEOL), equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.4 nm, and gate length of 30 nm, the stacked Si NSs have <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.1\times </tex-math></inline-formula> cut-off frequency (240 versus 215 GHz) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.15\times </tex-math></inline-formula> maximum oscillation frequency (290 versus 251 GHz) when compared to FinFETs due to larger transconductance increase than capacitance increase and output conductance decrease. With the optimized EOT of 0.8 nm and gate length of 18 nm, the stacked Si NSs can achieve cut-off frequency of 340 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency of 370 GHz. Furthermore, considering the higher electron mobility on {100} surfaces of NSs than {110} sidewalls of FinFETs as suggested by the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{I} _{D} </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {GS}} </tex-math></inline-formula> fitting, the cut-off frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of stacked Si NSs can reach 380 and 390 GHz, respectively.
Although various treatments are currently being developed, lung cancer still has a very high mortality rate. Moreover, while various strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are ...being used in clinical settings, in many cases, lung cancer does not respond to treatment and presents reducing survival rates. Cancer nanotechnology, also known as nanotechnology in cancer, is a relatively new topic of study that brings together scientists from a variety of fields, including chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. The use of lipid-based nanocarriers to aid drug distribution has already had a significant impact in several scientific fields. Lipid-based nanocarriers have been demonstrated to help stabilize therapeutic compounds, overcome barriers to cellular and tissue absorption, and improve in vivo drug delivery to specific target areas. For this reason, lipid-based nanocarriers are being actively researched and used for lung cancer treatment and vaccine development. This review discusses the improvements in drug delivery achieved with lipid-based nanocarriers, the obstacles that still exist with in vivo applications, and the current clinical and experimental applications of lipid-based nanocarriers in lung cancer treatment and management.
Immune stimulators are used to improve vaccine efficiency; however, they are accompanied by various side effects. In previous studies, we reported that the
adhesion protein, FimH, induces immune ...activity; however, we did not examine any side effects in colon inflammation.
FimH was administered orally or intraperitoneally (
) to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and changes in symptoms were observed. Immune cells infiltrated into the colon after the induction of colon inflammation were analyzed using a flow cytometer. Changes in Th1 and Th17 cells that induce colitis were analyzed. Further, mesenteric lymph node (mLN) dendritic cells (DCs) activated by FimH were identified and isolated to examine their ability to induce T-cell immunity.
FimH oral and
administration in C57BL/6 mice did not induce inflammation in the colon; however, DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated by oral and
FimH administration. FimH treatment increased immune cell infiltration in the colon compared to that in DSS colitis. Th1 and Th17 cells, which are directly related to colitis, were increased in the colon by FimH; however, FimH did not directly affect the differentiation of these T cells. FimH upregulated the CD11b
CD103
DC activity in the mLNs, which produced the signature cytokines required for Th1 and Th17. In addition, isolated CD11b
CD103
DCs, after stimulation with FimH, directly induced Th1 and Th17 differentiation in a co-culture of CD4 T cells.
This study demonstrated the side effects of FimH and indicated that the use of FimH can aggravate the disease in patients with colitis.
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