Onion (
L.) is widely consumed as food or medicinal plant due to its well-defined health benefits. The antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of onion and its extracts have been reported well. ...However, very limited information on anti-hyperglycemic effect is available in processed onion extracts. In our previous study, we reported that Amadori rearrangement compounds (ARCs) produced by heat-processing in Korean ginseng can reduce carbohydrate absorption by inhibiting intestinal carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in both in vitro and in vivo animal models. To prove the enhancement of anti-hyperglycemic effect and ARCs content by heat-processing in onion extract, a correlation between the anti-hyperglycemic activity and the total content of ARCs of heat-processed onion extract (ONI) was investigated. ONI has a high content of ARCs and had high rat small intestinal sucrase inhibitory activity (0.34 ± 0.03 mg/mL, IC
) relevant for the potential management of postprandial hyperglycemia. The effect of ONI on the postprandial blood glucose increase was investigated in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed on sucrose or starch meals. The maximum blood glucose levels (C
) of heat-processed onion extract were significantly decreased by about 8.7% (from 188.60 ± 5.37 to 172.27 ± 3.96,
< 0.001) and 14.2% (from 204.04 ± 8.73 to 175.13 ± 14.09,
< 0.01) in sucrose and starch loading tests, respectively. These results indicate that ARCs in onion extract produced by heat-processing have anti-diabetic effect by suppressing carbohydrate absorption via inhibition of intestinal sucrase, thereby reducing the postprandial increase of blood glucose. Therefore, enhancement of ARCs in onion by heat-processing might be a good strategy for the development of the new product on the management of hyperglycemia.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Vancomycin Power (VP) and the occurrence of resistant organisms after four-year of routine VP use.
The study included 1063 patients who underwent ...posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) between January 2010 and February 2020. Intrawound VP was applied to all instrumented fusions starting in January 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: those who did not apply VP (non-VP) (n = 605) between 2010 and 2015, and those who did apply VP (VP) (n = 458) between 2016 and 2020. The baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, infection rate, and causative organisms were compared between the two groups.
The rate of PSI was not significantly different between the non-VP group (1.32 %, n = 8) and the VP group (1.09 %, n = 5). Although adjusted by diabetes mellitus, VP still did not show statistical significance (OR = 0.757 (0.245–2.345), p = 0.630). There were no critical complications that were supposed to relation with vancomycin powder. In the 13 cases of PSI, seven pathogens were isolated, with a gram-negative organism identified in the non-VP group. However, the type of organism was not significantly different between the two groups.
The use of intrawound VP may not affect the PSI and occurrence of resistant organism and may not cause critical complications. Therefore, clinicians may decide whether to use VP for preventing PSI not worrying about its safety.
●The rate of postoperative spinal infection was not significantly different between the non-VP and the VP group.●The routine use of intrawound VP may not affect the PSI and occurrence of resistant organism.●The use of intrawound VP may not cause critical complication●VP may not adversely affect patients, and clinician can be confident about its safety.
The present study attempts to elucidate the anti-osteoporotic activity of
Thunb. in the form of anti-osteoclastic effect and responsible bioactive compounds. The contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic ...acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid A, and scoparone in
hydroethanolic extract (ACHE) were 38.53, 0.52, 4.07, 3.03, 13.90, and 6.59 mg/g, respectively. ACHE diminished osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption due to chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and scoparone. In addition, ACHE attenuated acidification as well as reducing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression and its association with vacuolar H⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase). Furthermore, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and scoparone from
abrogated the association of V-ATPase with TRAF6, suggesting that the blockage of bone resorption by
was partially mediated by reducing acidification through down-regulating interaction of V-ATPase with TRAF6 due to scoparone as well as chlorogenic acid and hyperoside. These results imply that the anti-osteoclastic effect of
through down-regulating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption may contribute to its anti-osteoporotic effect.
Abstract Spine surgeons often encounter cases of delayed postoperative spinal infection (PSI). Delayed-onset PSI is a common clinical problem. However, since many studies have investigated acute ...PSIs, reports of delayed PSI are rare. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features, treatment course, and prognosis of delayed PSI with acute PSI. Ninety-six patients diagnosed with postoperative spinal infection were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into 2 groups: acute onset (AO) within 90 days (n = 73) and delayed onset (DO) after 90 days (n = 23). The baseline data, clinical manifestations, specific treatments, and treatment outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. The history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and metallic instrumentation at index surgery were more DO than the AO group. The causative organisms did not differ between the 2 groups. Redness or heat sensation around the surgical wound was more frequent in the AO group (47.9%) than in the DO group (21.7%) ( P = .02). The mean C-reactive protein levels during infection diagnosis was 8.9 mg/dL in the AO and 4.0 mg/dL in the DO group ( P = .02). All patients in the DO group had deep-layer infection. In the DO group, revision surgery and additional instrumentation were required, and the duration of parenteral antibiotic use and total antibiotic use was significantly longer than that in the AO group. Screw loosening, disc space collapse, and instability were higher in the DO group (65.2%) than in the AO group (41.1%) ( P = .04). However, the length of hospital stay did not differ between the groups. Delayed-onset PSI requires more extensive and longer treatment than acute-onset surgical site infection. Clinicians should try to detect the surgical site infection as early as possible.
Background. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely present in environments, such as soil and water, and have recently been recognized as important pathogenic bacteria. The incidence of ...NTM-related infections is steadily increasing. As the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection should be distinguished from tuberculosis, and the treatment should be specific to the species of NTM acquired, accurate species identification is required. Methods. In this study, two-step multiplex PCR (mPCR) and multigene sequence-based analysis were used to accurately identify NTM species in 320 clinical isolates from Gyeongsang National University Hospital (GNUH). In particular, major mycobacterial strains with a high isolation frequency as well as coinfections with multiple species were diagnosed through two-step mPCR. Multigene sequencing was performed to accurately identify other NTM species not detected by mPCR. Variable regions of the genes 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer were included in the analysis. Results. Two-step mPCR identified 234 (73.1%) cases of M. intracellulare, 26 (8.1%) cases of M. avium subsp. avium, and 13 (4.1%) cases of M. avium subsp. hominissuis infection. Additionally, 9 (2.8%) M. fortuitum, 9 (2.8%) M. massiliense, 2 (0.6%) M. abscessus, and 4 (1.2%) M. kansasii isolates were identified. Coinfection was identified in 7 (2.2%) samples. The sixteen samples not classified by two-step mPCR included 6 (1.9%) cases of M. chimaera, 4 (1.3%) M. gordonae, 1 (0.3%) M. colombiense, 1 (0.3%) M. mageritense, and 1 (0.3%) M. persicum identified by sequence analysis. Conclusions. The results of this study suggest a strategy for rapid detection and accurate identification of species using two-step mPCR and multigene sequence-based analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the identification of NTM species isolated from patients in Gyeongnam/Korea.
Dangyuja is a citrus fruit of Cheju Island in Korea, which is known to have a high content of flavanone glycosides, such as naringin and neohesperidin. Flavanone glycosides of
Dangyuja (
Citrus ...grandis Osbeck) extract were converted into their aglycones by naringinase and hesperidinase, and into their hydroxylated forms by
Aspergillus saitoi.
Dangyuja extract treated with
A. saitoi had significantly higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activity than both its glycosides and aglycones in oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and supercoiled DNA strand scission assay, rat intestinal α-glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibition, suggesting that the fermentation of flavanone aglycones of
Dangyuja extract with
A. saitoi can increase antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, compared to their glycosides and aglycones. This result suggests that
Dangyuja extract prepared with enzymatic and microbial treatments could be used for the development of pharmaceutical foods to control the blood glucose level of diabetic patients by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the intestinal tract.
We propose a new method to estimate joint force using a biomechanical muscle model and peaks of surface electromyography (SEMG). The SEMG measurement was carried out from the first dorsal ...interosseous muscle during isometric index finger abduction. The SEMG peaks were used as the input of the biomechanical muscle model which is a transfer function to generate the force. The force estimation performance (R2) was evaluated using the proposed method with nine healthy subjects, and a former method using a mean absolute value (MAV), which is the full-wave rectified and averaged (or low-pass filtered) signal of SEMG in a time window, was compared with the proposed method; the performance of the proposed method (0.94 ± 0.03) was better than that of MAV (0.90 ± 0.02). The proposed method could be widely applied to quantitative analysis of muscle activities based on SEMG.
Ambient air pollutants reportedly increase inflammatory responses associated with multiple chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on ...high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) using data from 60,581 participants enrolled in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees Study between 2012 and 2017. Community Multiscale Air Quality System with surface data assimilation was used to estimate the participants' exposure to criteria air pollutants based on geocoded residential addresses. Long-term exposure was defined as the 2-year moving average concentrations of PM
, PM
, SO
, NO
, and O
. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the percent changes in hs-CRP and odds ratios of systemic low-grade inflammation (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) per interquartile range increment in air pollutants. We identified positive associations between hs-CRP and PM
(% changes: 3.75 95% CI 2.68, 4.82), PM
(3.68, 2.57, 4.81), SO
(1.79, 1.10, 2.48), and NO
(3.31, 2.12, 4.52), while negative association was demonstrated for O
(-3.81, -4.96, -2.65). Elevated risks of low-grade inflammation were associated with PM
(odds ratio: 1.07 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), PM
(1.08 1.02, 1.14), and SO
(1.05 1.01, 1.08). The odds ratios reported indicated that the exposures might be risk factors for inflammatory conditions; however, they did not reflect strong associations. Our findings suggest that exposure to air pollutants may play a role in the inflammation process.
The role of diet in the behavior of children has been controversial, but the association of several nutritional factors with childhood behavioral disorders has been continually suggested. We ...conducted a case-control study to identify dietary patterns associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study included 192 elementary school students aged seven to 12 years. Three non-consecutive 24-h recall (HR) interviews were employed to assess dietary intake, and 32 predefined food groups were considered in a principal components analysis (PCA). PCA identified four major dietary patterns: the "traditional" pattern, the "seaweed-egg" pattern, the "traditional-healthy" pattern, and the "snack" pattern. The traditional-healthy pattern is characterized by a diet low in fat and high in carbohydrates as well as high intakes of fatty acids and minerals. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ADHD for the highest tertile of the traditional-healthy pattern in comparison with the lowest tertile was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.12-0.79). The score of the snack pattern was positively associated with the risk of ADHD, but a significant association was observed only in the second tertile. A significant association between ADHD and the dietary pattern score was not found for the other two dietary patterns. In conclusion, the traditional-healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower odds having ADHD.
This study aimed to examine associations between haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels over time and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older Koreans. Using 16 years of follow-up data ...from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, we analysed 9294 individuals aged 40-69 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. Participants were divided into a known diabetes group and five groups categorized by HbA1c levels (< 5.0%, 5.0-5.4%, 5.5-5.9%, 6.0-6.4%, and greater than or equal to 6.5%). Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with HbA1c levels were calculated using a conventional and a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model. Restricted cubic spline models were fitted to investigate the relationship between continuous HbA1c levels and mortality among people without known diabetes. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, liver diseases, and red blood cell counts. During a median follow-up period of 15.7 years, there were 944 deaths, including 185 deaths from CVD, 359 from cancer, and 125 from all external causes. Compared with participants with HbA1c levels of 5.5-5.9%, multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause death of participants with levels < 5.0%, 5.0-5.4%, 6.0-6.4%, and greater than or equal to 6.5% and participants with known diabetes were 1.84 (1.35-2.51), 1.13 (0.95-1.34), 1.30 (1.04-1.62), 1.37 (0.97-1.93), and 2.03 (1.70-2.44), respectively. The risk of cancer mortality was significantly increased in HbA1c < 5.0% (HR, 2.21; 95% CI 1.42-3.44) and known diabetes (HR, 1.60; 95% CI 1.18-2.15). When we performed diverse subgroup analyses, low HbA1c levels at baseline were strongly associated with mortality in participants with liver diseases. We found U-shaped associations between HbA1c levels at baseline and over time and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Koreans. Additionally, the risk of cancer mortality increased both in low and high HbA1c groups, but CVD mortality increased only in high HbA1c group. In particular, people with liver diseases and low HbA1c levels had a high risk of all-cause mortality. Therefore, more careful management of these groups is suggested to identify any deteriorating health conditions.
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