This paper examines the relevance of the bank lending channel of monetary policy in Egypt using bank-level data. Previous empirical studies in Egypt that used macro-level data have not supported the ...relevance of the bank lending channel. However, using a sample of 32 commercial banks for the period from 1998 until 2011 and a dynamic panel GMM technique, the empirical findings revealed the relevance of the bank lending channel of monetary policy in Egypt. Moreover, there is a heterogeneity effect of monetary policy on bank loans according to bank size, in which the small banks are more affected during a monetary contraction than larger banks. This finding signals that the monetary authorities in Egypt should take cognizance of the stability of interest rates in order to stabilize the bank loan supply.
Change in the forest community during secondary succession is influencing in various soil properties. However, there is limited information available on the soil properties under different stages of ...secondary forests in Sarawak. The aims of this study are to clarify the soil morphological and physicochemical properties at secondary forests under different age stands after similar land change (slash and burn). Field surveys were conducted at 3, 5, 10, and 20 years old secondary forests in Sabal, Sarawak. Different fallow time influence changing soil properties in various stage secondary forests. A number of soil properties affected soil development process and land use change. Soil morphological and physicochemical properties differed and varied under different stages of fallow periods. The close relationship can be assumed between soil development process and vegetation succession. The knowledge of forest soil properties is essential to understand the change and development process under various stages secondary forests. The comprehensive understanding about soil properties and development process is important in order to conserve and manage secondary forests.
This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite clock error using GPS simulation. Two conditions of tests are used; Case 1: All the GPS satellites have clock ...errors within the normal range of 0 to 7 ns, corresponding to pseudorange error range of 0 to 2.1 m; Case 2: One GPS satellite suffers from critical failure, resulting in clock error in the pseudorange of up to 1 km. It is found that increase of GPS satellite clock error causes increase of average positional error due to increase of pseudorange error in the GPS satellite signals, which results in increasing error in the coordinates computed by the GPS receiver. Varying average positional error patterns are observed for the each of the readings. This is due to the GPS satellite constellation being dynamic, causing varying GPS satellite geometry over location and time, resulting in GPS accuracy being location time dependent. For Case 1, in general, the highest average positional error values are observed for readings with the highest PDOP values, while the lowest average positional error values are observed for readings with the lowest PDOP values. For Case 2, no correlation is observed between the average positional error values and PDOP, indicating that the error generated is random.
The unprecedented pace of globalisation, trade liberalisation, and capital movement in the later years profoundly changed to pose serious challenges for Malaysian companies to compete in an open ...market. In today's highly competitive market, the demand for quality is important factor for companies to survive in the ever-expanding global marketplace. The concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) has been developed as a result of intense global competition. ASEAN trade liberalisation through the elimination of intraregional tariffs contributed to improving manufacturing in ASEAN countries to be more efficient and competitive in world markets. However, Asean Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) is a good news for foreign companies as they have competitive advantages, but not for local companies. The examining of AFTA as a moderator is less done in previous work. The purpose of this paper is to propose relationship between TQM practices and business performance with moderator effects of AFTA. The main contribution of this paper is to examine whether AFTA has the effect as a moderator. This proposed conceptual model will help the academicians and industry players to have better understanding on the effect of AFTA in TQM implementation in improving their business performance. The structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques are used to examine the relationships of the practices.
This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite clock error using GPS simulation. Two conditions of tests are used; Case 1: All the GPS satellites have clock ...errors within normal range of 0 to 7 ns, corresponding to pseudorange error range of 0 to 2.1 m; Case 2: One GPS satellite suffers from critical failure, resulting in clock error in pseudorange of up to 1 km. It is found that increase of GPS satellite clock error causes increase of average positional error due to increase of pseudorange error in GPS satellite signals, which results in increasing error in the coordinates computed by the GPS receiver. For Case 1, in general, the highest average positional error values are observed for readings with the highest PDOP values, while the lowest average positional error values are observed for readings with the lowest PDOP values. For Case 2, no correlation is observed between the average positional error values and PDOP, indicating that the error generated is random.
Dynamic Young's modulus (E
d
) of selected tropical wood species, namely Dyera polyphylla, Endospermum diadenum, Cratoxylum arborecens, Alstonia pneumatophora, Macaranga gigantea and Commersonia ...bartramia, used for the study was measured using the free-free flexural vibration method. Young's modulus from three point bending (E
3pb
) and compression parallel to grain (E
cp
) was also studied. The results show that the relationship between E
d
and E
3pb
for all wood species is very significant with the mean value of E
d
consistently larger than or sometime equal to E
3pb
. Surprisingly, the relationship between E
d
and E
cp
is not significant except for Alstonia pneumatophora. The dynamic mechanical thermal properties were also investigated using the dynamic mechanical thermal analyser (DMTA). The results showed that the storage modulus of the wood species at -90°C is in the range of 1·48-4·09 GPa with a glass transition temperature ranging from 50 to 70°C.
Effective treatment of dyes wastewater is important to prevent water pollution. According to data by the Department of Environment (DOE) in 2017, 51 rivers have been polluted because of sewage, ...industry growth, livestock breeding and attitude of some irresponsible Malaysians that dump trash into river. One of the industries that contribute to river pollution is the batik industry. This is because batik processing activities have resulted in effluents containing chemicals streamed into the river and affecting aquatic life and human health as well. The main goals of this project is to produce a filter from available locally materials in solving polluted river water arising from batik wastewater. Along with the theme “from nature back to nature”, PadS-Clay Filter were prepared from 100% waste material such as paddy straw and clay according to designed formulation. Then, the dyes wastewater was flow on the PadS-Clay Filter and passed through the filter. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the absorption and concentration of the filtered dyes wastewater. Based on the result, PadS-Clay 2 (PSC2) and PadS-Clay 3 (PSC 3) were the most effective designed formulation for dyes rejection and flux of dyes in treating dyes effluent as the percentage of the dyes rejection for all PSC2 were over than 90%.
In this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) simulation is employed to evaluate the accuracy of GPS speed measurements. The two methods of GPS speed measurement, trackpoints and Doppler shift, are ...compared for two conditions of tests: Normal scenario with the full range of available GPS satellites; Obstruction scenario with only six GPS satellites available. For the trackpoints method, significant errors are observed, due to positioning errors caused by the GPS receiver's user equivalent ranging error (UERE). The errors increased with increasing speed due to increasing length of zig-zag lines connecting the trackpoints, which is caused by the receiver's positioning errors. The Doppler shift method generated much smaller errors for the normal scenario (maximum of 0.238 km/h for speeds of up to 1,800 km/h), as it is insensitive to the UERE of GPS receivers. Decrease of available GPS satellites in the obstruction scenario also caused increase of error for the trackpoints method due to increased position dilution of precision and thus, increased UERE.
In December 2014, Malaysia had suffered nationwide floods after unprecedented monsoon rains overwhelmed several parts of the country. The East Coast areas of Malaysia were especially badly affected, ...specifically for the state of Kelantan, whereby a total of 170,000 victims were evacuated to the evacuation centres. This was the worst flood in the last 40 years and has been referred to by the locals as ‘Bah Kuning’. As a tertiary centre for the state of Kelantan with a total number of hospital beds of 937, HRPZ II was also badly compromised during this time. The electricity supply to the main hospital building was shut-down during this period and the hospital had managed to maintain its operations hUP_(ÛT_e power from a generator which had faced the risk of being shut down if the water levels had increased further. These issues might have caused a worse impact viaa possible loss of electrical and oxygen supply and non-functional life support systems. In relation to this flood disaster, the Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit of HRPZ II would like to share the experiences of handling ventilated and critically ill-patients for evacuation during the massive floods in 2014 from the ICU of Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II to “an open stage with no facilities”. During this time, we had a total of 19 patients in our 21-bedded Intensive Care Unit. The challenge was the need to evacuate all the critically ill patients and to set-up a new ICU in a safer place immediately at the time.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 04 October’18. Page : 224-227
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