Introduction
Although bariatric surgery promotes dietary changes, many questions regarding their effect on weight loss remain unanswered.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in ...dietary intake and predictive factors of obesity remission in the first 12 months after RYGB.
Methods
Fifty-one patients (mean 39.34 ± 9.38 years, 68.7% women) who underwent RYGB were included in this study. Dietary intake was evaluated through a 24-h dietary recall and subsequently classified by NOVA, macronutrients and calories. The predictive factors for obesity remission within 12 months after RYGB were evaluated by Cox regression.
Results
At baseline, 62.7% of the patients presented severe obesity; mean excess weight loss was greater than 80% after 1 year of surgery and about 70% of the patients were no longer diagnosed with obesity. An increase in percentage of calories from protein was observed at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The caloric contribution of ultra-processed foods was low at 3 months after surgery while that of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was high at 3 and 12 months after surgery. From the Cox regression analysis, preoperative BMI (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69–0.88) and age (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99) showed an inverse association with obesity remission. Also, Δ protein (at 3 months–baseline) showed a positive association with obesity remission (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12).
Conclusion
Lower preoperative BMI, lower age, and higher protein intake at 3 months after surgery may favor remission of obesity in up to 12 months compared with baseline.
The present study aimed to investigate whether the visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an effective predictor to identify unhealthy metabolic phenotype by comparing normal-weight and overweight ...individuals.
A population-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected by interviews, anthropometric evaluation, dietetic, clinical and laboratory tests. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and prevalence ratio (PR), obtained from Poisson regression, were used to compare the predictive capacity of the obesity indicators evaluated (VAI, BMI, waist and neck circumference, waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios) and their association with the unhealthy metabolic phenotype. All analyses were stratified by sex and by nutritional status.
Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.ParticipantsA total of 854 Brazilian adults (20-59 years old) of both sexes.
VAI was the best predictor for unhealthy metabolic phenotype among men (AUC = 0·865) and women (AUC = 0·843) at normal weight. VAI also had the best predictive capacity among overweight women (AUC = 0·903). Among overweight men, its accuracy (AUC = 0·830) was higher than that of waist-to-hip ratio. In the adjusted regression models, VAI was the indicator most strongly associated with the unhealthy metabolic phenotype, especially among those with normal weight (PR = 6·74; 95 % CI 3·15, 14·42 for men; PR = 7·14; 95 % CI 3·79, 13·44 for women).
VAI has better predictive capacity in detecting unhealthy metabolic phenotype than conventional anthropometric indicators, regardless of nutritional status and sex.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) with the normal-weight obesity (NWO) ...phenotype in school-aged children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 364 children ages 8 to 9 y in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The NWO phenotype was defined as normal weight according to body mass index and high body fat, assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Three 24-h dietary recalls were performed to evaluate NOVA classification groups and to calculate the C-DII score.ResultsAmong normal-weight children (NWO and “no NWO”), higher consumption of UPF (second tercile T2: prevalence ratio PR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.1–3.4; T3: PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.01–3.1) and a diet consisting of high proinflammatory foods (T2: PR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.04,2.8) were associated with a higher prevalence of NWO, in relation to the first tercile. Similarly, among children with excess body fat independent of body mass index (NWO and excess of weight), higher consumption of UPF was associated with a higher prevalence of NWO (T2: PR, 2; 95% CI, 1.2–3.3) in relation to T1.ConclusionHigher UPF consumption and a diet consisting of high proinflammatory foods were associated with the NWO phenotype in children.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between legume intake and blood pressure, as well as the mediating role of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in secondary cardiovascular ...prevention. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical and food intake data were collected from the baseline of the multicentre study Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial - BALANCE (RCT: NCT01620398). The relationships between variables were explored through path analysis. In total, 2247 individuals with a median age of 63·0 (45-91) years, 58·8 % (
1321) male and 96·5 % (
2168) with diagnosis of hypertension were included. Negative associations were observed between histidine intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardised coefficient (SC) = -0·057;
= 0·012) and between legume intake and BMI (SC = -0·061;
= 0·006). BMI was positively associated with triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index (SC = 0·173;
< 0·001), SBP (SC = 0·144;
< 0·001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SC = 0·177;
< 0·001), and TyG index was positively associated with DBP (SC = 0·079;
= 0·001). A negative indirect effect was observed between the intake of legumes, SBP and DBP, mediated by BMI (SC = -0·009;
= 0·011; SC = -0·011;
= 0·010, respectively). In addition, an indirect negative effect was found between the intake of legumes and the DBP, mediated simultaneously by BMI and TyG index (SC = -0·001;
= 0·037). In conclusion, legume intake presented a negative indirect association with blood pressure, mediated by insulin resistance (TyG) and adiposity (BMI) in individuals of secondary care in cardiology.
Purpose
In Brazil and worldwide, few studies have investigated vitamin D deficiency in patients with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery associated with latitude and level of solar ...radiation
.
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the predictive factors of serum level changes after 12 months of RYGB in a low latitude region.
Materials and Methods
This study included 50 patients from a low-latitude city (10° 10′ 8″ S) in the north of Brazil. We collected data before surgery and after 3 and 12 months of surgery. The level of vitamin D was classified as deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/ml).
Results
The mean age of the patients was 38.7 ± 8.9 years, 69% were women, and percent excess weight loss (% EWL) was 83% after 1 year of surgery. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the preoperative period was 14%, and after 3 and 12 months of surgery, it decreased to 4% and 6%, respectively. The variation in vitamin D after 12 months of surgery was positively associated with changes in BMI, body fat, and % EWL.
Conclusions
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the northern region of Brazil, which is possibly related to low latitude. Weight loss was positively associated with an increase in serum vitamin D after surgery.
This study evaluated food consumption according to its degree of processing and its relationship with body adiposity in 218 women with breast cancer. Food consumption was categorised according to the ...NOVA classification. Two groups were formed, the first composed by consumption of
, minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (less processed foods) and the second one of processed and ultra-processed foods (more processed foods). The increase of 5% in the caloric contribution of more processed foods was associated with a 4% increase in the prevalence of overweight (
= 0.028) and 3% in prevalence of abdominal obesity (
= 0.018). This reinforces the importance of evaluating food consumption with a focus on the degree of processing, as it can contribute to the prevention of excess body fat in this group, as this excess is associated with a worse prognosis and survival.
We aimed to investigate the anthropometric and body composition parameters associated with the metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 ...adolescents in Brazil (aged 10-19 y). The MONW phenotype was defined as normal-weight, according to BMI/age, and at least one metabolic alteration. Anthropometric measurements were obtained and the DEXA was used for body composition analysis. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate the associations. The phenotype was positively associated with waist circumference (male: prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·05; 95% CI 1·01, 1·09; female: PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·02, 1·09), waist:height ratio (male: PR = 1·26; 95% CI 1·07, 1·49; female: PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·07, 1·56) and android:gynoid fat ratio (male: PR = 1·25; 95% CI 1·03, 1·51; female: PR = 1·39; 95% CI 1·20, 1·62), in both sexes. Furthermore, there was a positive association of phenotype with waist:hip ratio (PR = 1·32; 95% CI 1·06, 1·65) and trunk:arm fat ratio (PR = 1·13; 95% CI 1·02, 1·24) only in males and with trunk:leg fat ratio (PR = 2·84; 95% CI 1·46, 5·53), BAIp (PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·01, 1·12), fat mass index (PR = 1·24; 95% CI 1·10, 1·41) and regional indices of metabolic load and capacity (PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·09, 1·53), in females. Anthropometric and body composition parameters indicative of central and total fat are associated with the MONW phenotype.
To explore the relationship between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and dietary, lifestyle and social determinants using pathway analysis in the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of ...Minas Gerais (CUME project).
Cross-sectional study, in which path analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects of dietary practices, sleep, time on the computer and professional status on UPF consumption.
Data were collected in 2016, through an online questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary practices questions, and a FFQ.
Baseline participants from the CUME Project (
2826), adults who graduated from Universidade Federal de Viçosa or Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Being employed (
= 0·024), the time spent on the computer (
= 0·031) and the frequency of fried food intake (
< 0·001) were positively and directly associated with UPF consumption, whereas the sleep duration (
= 0·007) and the number of meals per d (
< 0·001) were negatively and directly associated with UPF consumption. Indirect effects were observed between being employed, mediated by the sleep duration (
= 0·032) and fried food intake (
= 0·005), whereas being a student is mediated by the time on the computer (
= 0·048).
The time spent on the computer, sleep duration and fried food consumption showed direct effects on UPF consumption. They also acted as mediators on the relationship between professional status and UPF consumption. Besides, the number of meals eaten each day also was directly associated with UPF consumption.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between job strain and binge eating as well as the effect-modifying influence of body mass index (BMI) on this association. Methods: A total of 11,951 ...active civil servants from the multicenter Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was included in this cross-sectional analysis. Job strain was assessed using the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Binge eating was defined as eating a large amount of food with a sense of lack of control over what and how much is eaten in less than 2 hours at least twice a week. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between binge eating and job strain as well as its interaction with BMI. Results: After adjustment, and using low-strain job as the reference category, binge eating was associated with high-strain job (high demand/low control: odds ratio OR=1.58, 95% confidence interval CI 1.26-1.98), active job (high demand/high control: OR =1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70), and passive job (low demand/low control: OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.53). Psychological job demands were positively associated with binge eating (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), while greater job control and social support at work were each inversely associated with binge eating (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.97 and OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, respectively). BMI modified the association between job strain and binge eating: Heavier psychological job demands were associated with higher odds of binge eating among obese participants, while a stronger inverse association between job control and binge eating was seen among slimmer participants. Conclusions: Job strain increases the odds of binge eating and this association is modified by BMI.
Insulin resistance can be assessed by the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), a simple, low-cost, and easy-to-apply method.
To assess the predictive capacity of the TyG index about cardiovascular risk ...and identify its cutoff point in a population at cardiometabolic risk.
Cross-sectional study with 264 individuals at cardiometabolic risk (54.9% women, age: 43.1 ± 16.3 years). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical-laboratory, and lifestyle data were collected. The TyG index was determined using the formula Ln fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg (dL)/2. The ten-year cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham risk score (FRS). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to define the cutoff point for the TyG index, and the associations were tested by Poisson regression.
ROC curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.678 (95% CI = 0.618–0.734; p < 0.001), with a cutoff of 9.04 (sensitivity = 62.5%, specificity = 66.7%, positive predictive value = 29.4% and negative predictive value = 88.9%). Elevated TyG values (≥9.04) were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, smoking, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis). After adjustment for confounding factors, individuals with high TyG showed an increase of 69% (RP = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.03–2.78) in the prevalence of intermediate/high risk by FRS, compared to those with low TyG.
The TyG index showed a good predictive capacity for cardiovascular risk in ten years assessed by the FRS.
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