Cytokine responses in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) head kidney (HK) cells to heat-killed lactic acid bacteria probiotics isolated from the Mongolian dairy products were investigated by ...transcriptomic examination. The HK cells were incubated with two heat-killed bacteria, namely Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (strain 06TCa22) and L. plantarum (strain 06CC2) and the responses of 16 cytokine genes at 0 (control), 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h post-stimulation were assayed by multiplex RT-PCR analysis (GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System, GeXPS; Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The 16 genes included in the assay were pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A/F-3, TNF-α and TNF-N), cell-mediated immune regulators (IL-12p35, IL-12p40 and IL-18), antiviral (I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ) and other regulatory (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21, IL-10 and TGF-β1) cytokines. Despite the differences in the transcriptional profiles, expression of all the cytokines tested here was significantly elevated by both the probiotic bacterial stimulants compared with the unstimulated control. Therefore, this in vitro study has demonstrated the modulation of cytokine defense mechanisms in the HK cells by the two heat-killed probiotics indicating their potentiality as novel immunostimulants to fish. However, strain-dependent varied expression of important cytokines (cell-mediated immune regulators, antiviral and anti-inflammatory cytokines) suggests better efficacy of L. paracasei spp. paracasei strain as fish immunostimulant. Further in vivo studies to elucidate the cytokine regulation networks will validate our present observations. A careful evaluation of ant-inflammatory properties may be undertaken using single strain to affirm the immunostimulatory capability. Moreover, application timings and frequency to assess the longevity of immunostimulant effects and to make the application cost-effective need to be evaluated before any practical use in aquaculture.
► HK cells were treated with two heat-killed probiotics from Mongolian dairy products. ► Stimulated HK cells displayed higher expression of 16 cytokine genes. ► Strain-dependent varied expression of important cytokines was observed. ► Both the heat-killed probiotics proved to be potential immunostimulants to fish. ► Better efficacy of L. paracasei spp. paracasei was observed as immunostimulant.
Abstract
To extract information on elemental components and PM characteristics from smoke number (SN) filter paper, we were performed elemental analysis by micro-PIXE. As a result of elemental ...analysis of the SN filter, information on the elemental composition of jet engine exhaust PM was obtained. Regarding the SN filter, jet engine exhaust PM have been collected for each difference in engine thrust of various aircraft engines at aircraft turbine engines test cells around the world. By periodically analyzing the elemental composition of such the SN filter, it is possible to grasp the characteristics of the emission PM of each aircraft engine and the transformation of the elemental composition of the emission PM with the passage of time of the jet engine. This was thought to lead to the evaluation of jet engine.
Polarization Phenomena in TlBr Detectors Hitomi, K.; Kikuchi, Y.; Shoji, T. ...
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
08/2009, Letnik:
56, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A comparison of long-term stabilities of TlBr detectors with Au and Tl electrodes was performed in this study, in order to reveal polarization phenomena in TlBr detectors. Au/TlBr/Au detectors ...exhibited polarization phenomena at room temperature, observed as degradation of spectral performance and reduction of leakage current with elapsed time. Applying reverse bias voltage to the detectors recovered the detector performance temporarily. No polarization phenomena were observed in Tl/TlBr/Tl detectors at room temperature. The detector exhibited stable spectral performance for 24 hours.
Heavy metal ions from single and ternary systems of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) adsorbed by calix4resorcinarenes in water–chloroform extraction were studied. Comparison was made of ...calix4resorcinarenes, 2,8,14,20-tetraundecyl calix4resorcinarene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol, and diethylaminomethyl-calix4resorcinarene, 5,11,17,23-tetra(diethylaminomethyl)-2,8,14,20- tetraundecylcalix4resorcinarene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol, for predominant extraction of their ions from the ternary mixture of aqueous solution at different pH in a water layer. The hosting of Pb(II) by the diethylaminomethyl-calix4resorcinarene occurred efficiently at pH 6–7. The hosting of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) ions for the ternary aqueous mixture was applied to the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption was studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a water–deuterium chloroform extraction system. Results showed that as the heavy metal ions were included into the host cavity, the observation of shifted peaks of water molecules from downfield to higher field was visible in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, meaning that water molecules were included with heavy metal ion into the host cavity. The spectra also showed that the diethylamino group expressed formation of the coordination complex between the diethylaminomethyl-calix4resorcinarene and Pb(II) for the purpose of predominant hosting of Pb(II).
In a case-control study in Japan of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use, we used a novel approach for estimating the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the tumour, taking account of ...spatial relationships between tumour localisation and intracranial radiofrequency distribution. Personal interviews were carried out with 88 patients with glioma, 132 with meningioma, and 102 with pituitary adenoma (322 cases in total), and with 683 individually matched controls. All maximal SAR values were below 0.1 W kg(-1), far lower than the level at which thermal effects may occur, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for regular mobile phone users being 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-2.37) for glioma and 0.70 (0.42-1.16) for meningioma. When the maximal SAR value inside the tumour tissue was accounted for in the exposure indices, the overall OR was again not increased and there was no significant trend towards an increasing OR in relation to SAR-derived exposure indices. A non-significant increase in OR among glioma patients in the heavily exposed group may reflect recall bias.
Cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapy for central nervous system disorders in animal models. Improving the efficacy of cell transplantation depends critically on improving ...grafted cell survival. We investigated whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-pretreatment of neural stem cells (NSCs) enhanced grafted cell survival in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We first examined the neuroprotective effects of GDNF on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in NSCs. Cells were pretreated with GDNF for 3 days before subjecting them to OGD. After 12h of OGD, GDNF-pretreated NSCs showed significant increases in survival rates compared with PBS-pretreated NSCs. An apoptosis assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in GDNF-pretreated NSCs at 1h and 6h after OGD. A PD rat model was then established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 9μg) into the medial forebrain bundle. Two weeks after 6-OHDA injection, GDNF-pretreated NSCs, PBS-pretreated NSCs, or PBS were injected into PD rat striatum. The survival of grafted cells in the striatum was significantly increased in the GDNF-pretreated NSC group compared with the control groups. GDNF pretreatment increased survival of NSCs following transplantation, at least partly through suppression of cell apoptosis.
Effects of ambient humidity and temperature on partial discharge (PD) characteristics in twisted pairs with conventional and nanocomposite enameled magnet wires have been investigated. Measurements ...of the PD inception voltage (PDIV) and the apparent PD charge were performed by applying an AC sinusoidal waveform voltage of 60 Hz to the twisted pair. The observed PDIV in this study can be classified into the following three behaviors. First, the PDIV in both wires decreases with increasing relative humidity (RH) at low temperature. Secondly, the PDIV in both wires slightly increases when increasing the RH at high temperature. Thus, there is a certain value of the absolute humidity to determine the lowest PDIV in both cases with the conventional and nanocomposite enameled wires. Thirdly, the PDIV in the conventional enameled wire significantly decreases at the RH of 95%, while the decrease rate of that in the nanocomposite enameled wire is relatively small. The observed PD phenomena are discussed in terms of material characterization of the enameled wires such as changes in permittivity due to moisture absorption and wettabilitiy under voltage application.
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