SASAKI, I., KONNO, Y., KAMIYAMA, Y. and SATO, T. Acute Gastric Ulceration in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice with Special Reference to Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 151(3), ...351-358-The mechanism of acute gastric ulceration in rats with obstructive jaundice was investigated in terms of the changes in the gastric mucosal blood flow, and the effect of vagotomy on ulceration was examined. 188 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g were prepared and divided into 4 groups as follows; control group (sham operation), jaundiced group (ligation of the bile duct), vagotomized group (vagotomy with pyloroplasty), jaundiced and vagotomized group (simultaneous ligation of the bile duct and vagotomy with pyloroplasty). Two weeks after the operation, water immersion and restraint stress procedures were performed in these 4 groups. The gravity of acute gastric ulcerations was calculated by ulcer index. The gastric mucosal blood flow was measured by hydrogen clearance technique. The following results were obtained: In control group, ulcer index was increased and gastric mucosal bloodflow was decreased after the stress procedures. The jaundiced group showed significantly higher ulcer index and early significant decrease of gastric mucosal blood flow after the stress procedures compared to the control group. The vagotomized group showed significantly decreased ulcer index after the stress procedures compared to the control group, however, the gastric mucosal blood flow showed almost the same values as the control group. The jaundiced and vagotomized group showed significant decrease of ulcer index and improvement of decrease of gastric mucosal blood flow compared to the jaundiced group. These results indicated that the gastric mucosal blood flow plays an important role in the occurence of acute gastric ulceration in rats with obstructive jaundice, and vagotomy might be useful to prevent them by maintaining gastric blood flow in obstructive jaundice.
Both protection and sensitization of Mice C57BL against
Co γ-rays by sulfur-containing amino acid derivatives - S-alkyl-L-cysteines, S-alkyl-2-methyl-DL-cysteines and their hydantoin derivatives, and ...sulfoxides of these compounds - were examined. DL-5-Allylthiomethyl-5-methylhydantoin (150 mg/kg body weight) had a remarkable radioprotective effect. The survival ratio was 4.33 or above two times as much as that of L-cysteine. On the other hand, its sulfoxide had a radiosensitizing effects; survival ratio, 0.333.
To determine the optimal dose of temafloxacin (TMFX), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, in respiratory tract infections, a dose-finding study was conducted in patients with chronic lower ...respiratory tract infections using ofloxacin (OFLX) as the control drug. A TMFX 300 group (150mg b. i. d.) and TMFX 600 group (300mg b. i. d.) were compared by the double blind method. In principle, these drugs were administered for 14 days. The total number of patients enrolled in the trial was 147, 132 of which (TMFX 300 group: 44, TMFX 600 group: 47, OFLX group: 41) were eligible for evaluation of clinical efficacy. There were no significant differences in the distribution of background factors, but the number of patients previously treated with other antibiotics in the TMFX 600 group was significantly larger than in the other groups (p <0.05). 1) The clincal efficacy rate was 86.4%, in the TMFX 300 group and 85.1% in the TMFX 600 group. The percentages of cases in which clinical efficacy was “excellent”(the “excellent” rate) were 4.5% and 8.5% in the TMFX 300 group and the TMFX 600 group, respectively. In the patients with chronic bronchitis, the efficacy rates were 88.5% and 89.3%, and the “excellent” rates were 7.7% and 10.7%, in the TMFX 300 group and the TMFX 600 group, respectively. In patients whose infection severity was moderate, the efficacy rates were 88.9% and 90.0%, and the “excellent” rates were 11.1% and 20.0% in the TMFX 300 group and the TMFX 600 group, respectively. The differences between these two groups, however, were not significant. In the OFLX group, the clinical efficacy rate was 92.7% in the patients as a whole, 94.1% in the patients with chronic bronchitis and 92.9% in the patients whose infection severity was moderate. The “excellent” rates were 2.4%, 5.9% and 7.1%, respectively. 2) The bacterial eradication rate (eradicated ± replaced) was 85.7% in the TMFX 300 group and 87.0% in the TMFX 600 group, with no significant difference between the two groups. The eradication rate in the OFLX group was 81.8%. 3) There were no cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the TMFX 300 group, but there was one case (2.1%) in the TMFX 600 group. Abnormal laboratory test findings were observed in 6 cases (13.6%) in the TMFX 300 group and in 9 cases (20.5%) in the TMFX 600 group. There were no significant differences between these two groups in incidence of ADRs or abnormal laboratory test findings. In the OFLX group, ADRs were observed in 2 cases (4.5%), and abnormal laboratory test findings were observed in 3 (7.3%). 4) The usefulness rates were 84.1% in the TMFX 300 group and 83.0% in the TMFX 600 group. The percentages of cases in which degree of usefulness was “markedly useful” were 4.5% and 6.4% in the TMFX 300 group and the TMFX 600 group, respectively. There were no significant differences between these two groups. In the OFLX group, the utility rate was 90.5%, and the “markedly useful” rate was 2.4%. These results indicate that the TMFX 300 group and 600 group were almost equal in terms of both efficacy and safety for chronic lower respiratory tract infections. However, the TMFX 600 group was slightly better than the TMFX 300 group in the “excellent” rate and the bacterial eradication rate. In addition, among the patients with chronic bronchitis, the-TMFX 600 group was superior in terms of both the clinical efficacy rate and the “excellent” rate, as well as among patients whose severity of infection was moderate. Therefore, a daily dose of 600 mg of TMFX was considered necessary to treat respiratory tract infections, including intractable cases.
In order to make an objective assessment of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of FP in treatment of perennial nasal allergy, a double blind comparative study was carried out at 200 mcg/day in ...two divided doses, against BP 400 mcg/day in four divided doses. In the analysis of final overall improvement, cases assessed as markedly improved accounted for FP 33.3% and BP 37.5%, rates of markedly plus moderately improved cases were FP 73.1% and BP 83.0%, and total of those assessed as either markedly, moderately or slightly improved exceeded 96% in both groups ; good improvement being demonstrated without significant intergroup difference. In the analysis of overall safety, both treatments showed high safety. In the analysis of clinical usefulness, cases assessed as very useful accounted for FP 34.6% and BP 36.4%, rates of very useful plus useful were FP 80.8% and BP 85.2%, and total of those assessed as either very useful, useful or slightly useful exceeded 97% in both groups; high usefulness being demonstrated without significant intergroup difference. Based on the above results, it was suggested that FP, even dosed twice daily, was sufficiently useful, with high efficacy and safety like BP four times daily.
PDF
