Saccharomycopsis fibuligera
, also known as
Endomyces fibuliger
or
Saccharomyces fibuligera
, is a yeast that produces ascospores and is widely found in all types of fermentation starters. It ...secretes α-amylase, β-glucosidase and acid protease with high efficiency and is an important functional microorganism in the fermentation of grains. Hence,
S. fibuligera
has high industrial application value; for example, it has a high starch conversion capacity and can synthesise trehalose from starch and it can decompose and synthesise single-cell proteins from starch and use proteins as a protein feed. It also produces aromas, esters and alcohols via fermentation; thereby, improving liquor quality. Moreover,
S. fibuligera
exerts an inhibitory effect on guava grey mould and can synthesise fungicides. Because
S. fibuligera
has excellent development potential and research value in industrial production, it has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the physicochemical, enzymatic and ester-producing properties of
S. fibuligera
and its effect on liquor flavour were examined. These findings will help screen excellent strains, optimise liquor fermentation conditions and improve liquor production quality.
•Heat transfer of supercritical CO2 cooled in helically coiled tubes is studied.•A new correlation is developed to predict the heat transfer coefficients.•Three buoyancy parameters overestimate the ...impact of buoyancy.•The effect of heat flux is mainly related to the distribution of specific heat.
The heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO2 cooled in the helically coiled tube are investigated experimentally and numerically. The inner diameter, coil pitch and coil radius of the helically coiled tube are 4mm, 34mm and 36mm, respectively. The effects of heat flux, pressure and mass flux on the heat transfer are analyzed based on 512 sets of experimental data, a new modified correlation is developed to calculate the heat transfer coefficients of supercritical CO2 in the cooled helically coiled tube. To study the buoyancy effect, the heat transfer coefficients of upward flow are compared to that for horizontal flow, and it is found that the effect of buoyancy is negligible in the liquid-like region, but significant in other region under the experimental conditions. On this basis, the three buoyancy parameters: Bup, Grth/Grq and Ri are applied to predict the effect of buoyancy on the heat transfer. The three parameters overestimate the impact of buoyancy. Numerical analysis of the cooling heat transfer coefficient in helically coiled tube is conducted by using shear-stress transport (SST) model. The flow fields are analyzed and the effect of heat flux is mainly related to the distribution of specific heat (cp) in the radial direction of tube transverse section.
We report a case of postoperative urinary leakage after bilateral laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) herniorrhaphy. A man in his upper 80s with a healed cystostomy and appendectomy underwent ...bilateral TEP herniorrhaphy. Urinary leakage was noted by ultrasound examination 4 days after bilateral TEP. Cystography and computed tomography conclusively confirmed a 6-mm extraperitoneal fistula at the site of the previous cystostomy. The fistula involved the anterior bladder wall and was associated with an extended urinoma. The patient was treated by indwelling catheterization using a Foley catheter and repeated ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration of the inguinal effusion at the bedside. The patient was completely healed 69 days after the operation with no mesh infection or bladder dysfunction. We believe that urinary leakage is possible after TEP herniorrhaphy in patients with a healed suprapubic cystostomy. Therefore, indwelling catheterization using a Foley catheter should be implemented before surgery, and the Foley catheter can be removed within 1 week after surgery if no postoperative urinary leakage is observed. A history of suprapubic cystotomy should not be regarded as a contraindication for TEP surgery. This is the first report of urinary leakage after bilateral TEP herniorrhaphy in a patient with a healed cystostomy and appendectomy.
The poor conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide photoreduction has hindered the practical application at present, and one of the prime reasons for this obstacle is the inefficient solar energy ...utilization of photocatalysts. Generally speaking, it is contradictory for a photocatalyst to concurrently possess the broad-spectral response and appropriate band-edge positions for coinstantaneous carbon dioxide reduction and water oxidation. In this Outlook, we summarize a series of strategies for realizing visible-light and IR-light-driven carbon dioxide photoreduction under the guarantee of suitable band-edge positions. In detail, we overview the absorbance of visible light enabled by narrow band gaps in photocatalysts, the extended photoabsorption from UV into the visible light range induced by defect levels and dopant energy levels in photocatalysts, and a more negative conduction band and positive valence band acquired by Z-scheme heterojunctions in photocatalysts. Then, we highlight the expansive photoresponse of IR light caused by intermediate bands in semiconductor photocatalysts and partially occupied bands in conductor photocatalysts. Finally, we end this Outlook concerning more design strategies and application fields of broad-spectral-response photocatalysts.
Machine learning (ML)-based compact model (CM) provide an alternative way in contrast to physics-based CMs. The advantages of ML CMs include the process-aware capability, expandability, improved ...behavioral model for a circuit block, and usability for emerging devices. On the other hand, while ML is on the rise, device physics can provide many guidelines in constructing ML CMs. Here, we propose a physics architecture in ML CMs for resistive random access memory (RRAM). The results show that the physics-assisted architecture enables simpler ML models in reference to our previous work of long short-term memory (LSTM)-based RRAM CMs. We found that the discrete state variable with classification is the best model to describe the RRAM set/reset scenario in multistep prediction problems. For the discrete and continuous state variables, the root mean square error (RMSE) on test data is 0.000125 and 0.000119, respectively. In addition, we demonstrate that the transient behavior of set/reset changes can be easily incorporated into the proposed model. Finally, the Verilog-A and HSPICE on a 1T1R cell have also been shown to prove the model feasibility. We suggest that the uniform framework with hybridization in physics and ML should be the most efficient way in future compact device modeling. The code is available at https://github.com/albertlin11/RRAMunif .
With the development of multistandard, multiband wireless/microwave circuits and systems, a wide stopband could be essential for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter to eliminate ...interference. However, the performance of the current wide-stopband SIW filters is not good enough, particularly the stopband extension. Here, based on a multilayer SIW filter without degrading its passband performance, we advance the slot element into a slot array as the intercoupling structure to significantly improve the stopband extension upper limit. It is achieved by splitting the conventional magnetic intercoupling slot element into a slot array with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2k </tex-math></inline-formula> parts and moving them away from the edge by about 0.5/(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2k </tex-math></inline-formula> + 1) of the edge's length. For an SIW filter working in TE101 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>), one can use Type-0, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text {Type-1}, \ldots </tex-math></inline-formula>, and Type-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">k </tex-math></inline-formula> slot arrays to eliminate all the spurious modes below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\mathrm {TE}}_{(2k + 3)0(2k+3)} </tex-math></inline-formula> and extend the stopband to (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2k </tex-math></inline-formula> + 3)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, we present three prototypes that respectively use 2-4 types of slot arrays. Without complex design or passband degradation, the measured results show that their stopbands are, respectively, extended up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">4.67f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">7.03f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">9.31f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula>, which are significantly better than those of their counterparts based on the slot element. The proposed technology should be efficient for developing high-performance wide-stopband SIW filters in wireless/microwave circuits and systems.
Diseases such as cardiovascular problems and sleep apnea cause mass deaths annually due to a lack of timely and portable monitoring and alarm measures. Various wearable devices for health monitoring ...have been intensely researched to reduce mortality. However, these devices themselves can only detect physiological signals; they cannot sound an alarm. Therefore, they must rely on mobile phones or other peripheral devices such as speakers or vibration motors to sound an alarm, which may result in a patient missing the optimal treatment. It is valuable to develop a self‐alarm health monitoring device with the dual functions of physiological signal detection and sound alarm simultaneously. A one‐step laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based electronic skin (E‐skin) is fabricated to perform health monitoring and alarm at the same time, which benefit from its both excellent mechanical and acoustical performance. These customized shutter‐patterned E‐skins have an ultrahigh sensitivity of 316.3 and can detect various biosignals such as wrist pulse, respiratory, etc. They also have a self‐alarm function and can sound an alarm when detecting abnormal situations. This study addresses the multifunctional integration required for multisensors, which will open further applications in wearable sensors and health‐care devices.
The development of E‐skin with dual functionality, integrating strain detection and alarm into a single device, is crucial for health monitoring. A one‐step laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based E‐skin that can detect faint biosignals (respiration, pulse, etc.) and issue thermoacoustic sound to warn when detecting some abnormal conditions (sleep apnea, sudden cardiac arrest).
Signaling pathways regulate the transmission of signals during organism growth and development, promoting the smooth and accurate completion of numerous physiological and biochemical reactions. The ...extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is an essential pathway involved in regulating various physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and more. This pathway also contributes to several important physiological processes in silkworms, including protein synthesis, reproduction, and immune defense against pathogens. Organizing related studies on the ERK signaling pathway in silkworms can provide a better understanding of its mechanism in Lepidopterans and develop a theoretical foundation for improving cocoon production and new strategies for pest biological control.
Background
Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function due to aging. DNA methylation has been identified to play important roles in the dysfunction of skeletal muscle. ...The aim of our present study was to explore the whole blood sample‐based methylation changes of skeletal muscle function‐related factors in patients with sarcopenia.
Methods
The overall DNA methylation levels were analysed by using MethlTarget™ DNA Methylation Analysis platform in a discovery set consistent of 50 sarcopenic older adults (aged ≥65 years) and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐sarcopenic individuals. The candidate differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were further validated by Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) in another two independent larger sets and confirmed by pyrosequencing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimum cut‐off levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)_30 methylation best predicting sarcopenia and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured. The correlation between candidate DMRs and the risk of sarcopenia was investigated by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Among 1149 cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites of 27 skeletal muscle function‐related secretary factors, 17 differentially methylated CpG sites and 7 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected between patients with sarcopenia and control subjects in the discovery set. Further methylation‐specific PCR identified that methylation of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)_30 was lower in patients with sarcopenia and the level was decreased as the severity of sarcopenia increased, which was confirmed by pyrosequencing. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the methylation level of FGF2_30 was positively correlated to ASMI (r = 0.372, P < 0.001), grip strength (r = 0.334, P < 0.001), and gait speed (r = 0.411, P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal cut‐off value of FGF2_30 methylation level that predicted sarcopenia was 0.15 with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 70.1% (AUC = 0.807, 95% CI = 0.756–0.858, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that lower FGF2_30 methylation level (<0.15) was significantly associated with increased risk of sarcopenia even after adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, and BMI (adjusted OR = 9.223, 95% CI: 6.614–12.861, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that lower FGF2_30 methylation is correlated with the risk and severity of sarcopenia in the older adults, indicating that FGF2 methylation serve as a surrogate biomarker for the screening and evaluation of sarcopenia.
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