The observations of bright band carried out simultaneously with X- and Ka-band radars for the first time over the Indian region have been examined to reveal various contrasting characteristics of ...bright band at the two wavelengths. The study reports the bright band observations on September 12–13, 2015 at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths and brings out a comparative analysis of the bright band features (e.g., intensity, thickness, height, etc.) under three different rain conditions ranging from very light (<0.1 mm/hr) to light (0.1–3 mm/hr) to heavy (3–5 mm/hr). It is seen that the bright band region at Ka-band is always narrower and situated at a higher altitude than at X-band frequency. Our analysis shows that at Ka-band frequency, the polarimetric fields like LDR can be utilized to detect and determine the bright band features using an appropriate selection of a threshold value of LDR, which is found to be −22 dB in this study and could be associated reasonably with the top and bottom heights of the bright band. This study explores the potential of both radars, particularly the Ka-band radar for probing the bright band effect and estimating its features which would be helpful to improve the quantitative estimates of precipitation.
Cloud radar reflectivity profiles can be an important measurement
for the investigation of cloud vertical structure (CVS). However, extracting
intended meteorological cloud content from the ...measurement often demands an
effective technique or algorithm that can reduce error and observational
uncertainties in the recorded data. In this work, a technique is proposed to
identify and separate cloud and non-hydrometeor echoes using the radar
Doppler spectral moments profile measurements. The point and volume
target-based theoretical radar sensitivity curves are used for removing the
receiver noise floor and identified radar echoes are scrutinized according
to the signal decorrelation period. Here, it is hypothesized that cloud
echoes are observed to be temporally more coherent and homogenous and have a
longer correlation period than biota. That can be checked statistically
using ∼ 4 s sliding mean and standard deviation value of
reflectivity profiles. The above step helps in screen out clouds critically
by filtering out the biota. The final important step strives for the
retrieval of cloud height. The proposed algorithm potentially identifies
cloud height solely through the systematic characterization of Z variability
using the local atmospheric vertical structure knowledge besides to the
theoretical, statistical and echo tracing tools. Thus, characterization of
high-resolution cloud radar reflectivity profile measurements has been done
with the theoretical echo sensitivity curves and observed echo statistics
for the true cloud height tracking (TEST). TEST showed superior performance in
screening out clouds and filtering out isolated insects. TEST constrained with
polarimetric measurements was found to be more promising under high-density biota
whereas TEST combined with linear depolarization ratio and spectral width perform potentially to
filter out biota within the highly turbulent shallow cumulus clouds in the
convective boundary layer (CBL). This TEST technique is promisingly simple
in realization but powerful in performance due to the flexibility in
constraining, identifying and filtering out the biota and screening out the
true cloud content, especially the CBL clouds. Therefore, the TEST algorithm is superior for screening out the low-level clouds that are strongly linked to the
rainmaking mechanism associated with the Indian Summer Monsoon region's
CVS.
Mumbai, the compact megacity, the economic capital of India, is highly vulnerable to severe weather conditions, particularly related to the rainfall phenomenon. A MESO-scale rain gauge NETwork ...(MESONET) comprises 131 rain gauges scattered over the Mumbai metropolitan region is established to have instantaneous rainfall information. A real-time web-based rainfall data portal is set up as a public informative/awareness system that would help the public to cope with unanticipated situations caused by massive rainfall events. In this work, we provide the rationale of Mumbai MESONET and preliminary results from the observations during July–October 2019.
High-resolution MESONET rainfall data are analyzed to examine the mean and associated small-scale spatiotemporal variability of rainfall over Mumbai. The results depict that the maximum contribution of rainfall is from low to moderate and heavy rainfall events. The prevalent occurrence of prolonged rainfall events of moderate to high intensity during mid-night and early morning hours is attributed to the diurnal variability of events duration. It is observed that heavy rainfall events (64–124 mm/day) occur at a sub-daily scale. Correlogram analysis of rainfall further reveals the good spatial coherence in the spatial variability of rainfall even at sub-daily scales.
•A dense rain gauge network (MESONET) established over Mumbai and surrounding regions.•Event duration analysis shows that heavy rainfall peaks in the midnight, early morning.•Strong spatial coherence in rainfall is noticed in harmonic and correlogram analysis.•Real-time data from MESONET helped to monitor the evolving state of rainfall systems.•MESONET has potential applications such as for flash flood forecasting.
Introduction: Oxum is a stable, nonflammable, and noncorrosive bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal solution that is ready to use with no further dilution or mixing. Superoxidized ...solutions have shown to be both safe and efficient as a wound care product that moistens, lubricates, debrides, and reduces the microbial load of various types of lesions. Superoxidized solutions are electrochemically processed aqueous solutions manufactured from pure solutions which are rich in reactive oxygen species with neutral pH and longer half-life (>12 months).
Aim and Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare superoxide solution with povidone-iodine by means of clinical parameters and microbiologically by colony-forming units.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 sites with chronic periodontitis were selected for study and randomly divided into two groups (ten sites per group). In each patient, sites were selected having probing depth ≥5 mm.
The patients were randomly allotted into one of the following groups prior to treatment.
Group 1 (study group - irrigation with superoxidized solutions)
Group 2 (study group - irrigation with povidone-iodine Betadine).
The study period of 30 days was divided into baseline (0 day) and 30th day. Periodontal pockets were irrigated with superoxidized solution (oxum) and povidone-iodine (Betadine) from 10 ml syringe having blunt metallic cannula. A total time of 5-10 min was spent for irrigation of the sites. Samples of subgingival plaque from periodontal pockets were obtained with sterile curette at baseline and 1 month for colony-forming units.
Results: Group A showed comparable improvement in all the clinical parameters (probing pocket depth and sulcus bleeding index) than Group B.
Conclusion: Superoxidized water irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing proved to be effective in the treatment of periodontitis. They allowed better retention and were biologically accepted without any side effects.
This paper presents a 0.5 V ultra-low power Gm - C fourth order low pass filter with Butterworth response for ECG detection. An Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) forms the basic building ...block of the filter. In order to achieve high performance at low power, the G m cell has been designed using Dynamic Threshold MOS (DTMOS) in 180 nm CMOS N-well technology. A hybrid design that uses a DTMOS pseudo differential architecture with G m reduction enables the OTA to operate at 0.5 V achieving a transconductance as low as 0.25 nS, which cuts down the area of large on-chip capacitance significantly for low frequency applications. The designed filter has a cutoff frequency of 7.3 Hz with a total power consumption of 29.7 nW. The simulated variation of the achieved cutoff frequency over the process corners is less than ± 10 %.
Smart Parking Management System Narode, Prasad; Kalekar, Samruddhi; Sanap, Sanket ...
2019 5th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA),
2019-Sept.
Conference Proceeding
The numbers of vehicles on roads are ever increasing, giving rise to a variety of problems. One of the problems is parking. Unorganized parking can lead to chaotic situations. As mentioned in 1 ...according to IBM Global Parking Survey, "30% of traffic in a city is caused by drivers searching for a parking spot. A lot of manpower is required to look after parking lots and hence a solution is presented to minimize the manpower, diverting it to more productive tasks and reducing the complexity involved in parking management task. This solution is a perfect combination of concepts of Internet of Things (IOT), machine learning and Android. Using REST based framework the system becomes loosely coupled from underlying architecture. The paper is organized as follows - section I contains introduction to our system, section II lists user side modules and parking lot management side modules one by one, section III contains traffic prediction module in greater depth focusing on technical implementation,section IV specifies server side management application, section V throws light on parking lot management side implementation, section VI gives the entire workflow, section VII gives the future scope and we conclude on section VIII.
PDF
