Faddeev–Yakubovsky four-nucleon scattering equations are derived including a three-body force. From the asymptotic form of the Yakubovsky-components we obtain scattering amplitudes of all outgoing ...channels in a direct manner. We present these equations in the momentum space representation.
We discuss the current status of chiral effective field theory in the three-nucleon sector and present selected results for nucleon–deuteron scattering observables based on semilocal ...momentum-space-regularized chiral two-nucleon potentials together with consistently regularized three-nucleon forces up to third chiral order. Using a Bayesian model for estimating truncation errors, the obtained results are found to provide a good description of the experimental data. We confirm our earlier findings that a high-precision description of nucleon–deuteron scattering data below pion production threshold will require the theory to be pushed to fifth chiral order. This conclusion is substantiated by an exploratory study of selected short-range contributions to the three-nucleon force at that order, which, as expected, are found to have significant effects on polarization observables at intermediate and high energies. We also outline the challenges that will need to be addressed in order to push the chiral expansion of three-nucleon scattering observables to higher orders.
Detection of drug-target proteins and biomarkers that are expressed in cancer tissue has significant potential for both diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, current immuno-histochemical and ...cytogenetic analyses of biopsy specimens for pre-operational diagnosis are highly invasive and often difficult to apply to lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible utility of determining epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on exosomal membranes using a targeted ELISA with an anti-CD81 antibody as a capture antibody for lung cancer diagnosis. While soluble EGFR (sEGFR) levels in plasma were not remarkably different between lung cancer patients and normal controls, significantly higher exosomal EGFR expression levels were observed in 5/9 cancer cases compared to normal controls. These results suggest that measurement of exosomal protein levels could be useful for in vitro diagnosis, and that exosomal EGFR is a possible biomarker for characterization of lung cancer.
A spectroscopic method, which enables characterization of a single isolated quantum dot and a quantum wave function interferometry, is applied to an exciton discrete excited state in an InGaAs ...quantum dot. Long coherence of zero-dimensional excitonic states made possible the observation of coherent population flopping in a 0D excitonic two-level system in a time-domain interferometric measurement. Corresponding energy splitting is also manifested in an energy-domain measurement.
A big spectrum of processes induced by real and virtual photons on the
3He and
3H nuclei is theoretically investigated through many examples based on nonrelativistic Faddeev calculations for bound ...and continuum states. The modern nucleon–nucleon potential AV18 together with the three-nucleon force UrbanaIX is used. The single nucleon current is augmented by explicit
π
- and
ρ
-like two-body currents which fulfill the current continuity equation together with the corresponding parts of the AV18 potential. We also employ the Siegert theorem, which induces many-body contributions to the current operator. The interplay of these different dynamical ingredients in the various electromagnetic processes is studied and the theory is compared to the experimental data. Overall we find fair to good agreement but also cases of strong disagreement between theory and experiment, which calls for improved dynamics. In several cases we refer the reader to the work of other groups and compare their results with ours. In addition we list a number of predictions for observables in different processes which would challenge this dynamical scenario even more stringently and systematically.
The isospin character of p-n pairs at large relative momentum has been observed for the first time in the ^{16}O ground state. A strong population of the J,T=1,0 state and a very weak population of ...the J,T=0,1 state were observed in the neutron pickup domain of ^{16}O(p,pd) at 392 MeV. This strong isospin dependence at large momentum transfer is not reproduced by the distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations with known spectroscopic amplitudes. The results indicate the presence of high-momentum protons and neutrons induced by the tensor interactions in the ground state of ^{16}O.
We solve three-nucleon (3N) Faddeev equations with nucleon–nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon forces (3NF) derived consistently in the framework of chiral perturbation theory, taking the semilocal ...coordinate-space regularized chiral N
4
LO NN potential supplemented by the chiral N
2
LO 3NF regularized in the same way. Based on these solutions the nucleon–deuteron (Nd) elastic scattering and deuteron breakup reactions are studied. We checked that the elastic Nd scattering cross section can be used as an alternative observable to the doublet neutron–deuteron (nd) scattering length to fix, together with the
3
H binding energy, the strengths of the contact terms of the N
2
LO 3NF. We investigated the predicted 3NF effects in 3N continuum reactions putting an emphasis on the
A
y
puzzle in low energy nd elastic scattering and on cross sections in the symmetrical-space-star and quasi-free-scattering breakup configurations. We found that the N
2
LO 3NF provides effects comparable to those of standard, (semi-)phenomenological
2
π
-exchange Tucson-Melbourne 3NF.
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