In order to obviate a small‐for‐size graft syndrome (SFSGS), a portacaval (PC) shunt had been considered in a case of adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation (AA‐LDLT). In a recent AA‐LDLT ...case, we adopted the PC shunt to resolve SFSGS; however, graft atrophy was observed in the late period of LDLT, thereby resulting in liver dysfunction. Due to the surgical closure of the PC shunt at 11 months post‐LDLT, the graft regenerated gradually and resulted in the recovery of the liver function. This experience indicates that the portacaval shunt would overcome SFSGS in the early period of LDLT, while it would cause the graft atrophy and the graft dysfunction in the late period of LDLT.
Permanent portacaval shunt for a small‐for‐size graft in a living donor liver transplantation resulted in graft atrophy, which was reversed when the shunt was closed.
To reveal the denaturation mechanism of lysozyme by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thermal stability of lysozyme and its preferential solvation by DMSO in binary solutions of water and DMSO was studied ...by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and using densities of ternary solutions of water (1), DMSO (2) and lysozyme (3) at 298.15 K. A significant endothermic peak was observed in binary solutions of water and DMSO except for a solution with a mole fraction of DMSO (
x
2
) of 0.4. As
x
2
was increased, the thermal denaturation temperature
T
m
decreased, but significant increases in changes in enthalpy and heat capacity for denaturation, Δ
H
cal
and Δ
C
p
, were observed at low
x
2
before decreasing. The obtained amount of preferential solvation of lysozyme by DMSO (
∂g
2
/
∂g
3
) was about 0.09 g g
−1
at low
x
2
, indicating that DMSO molecules preferentially solvate lysozyme at low
x
2
. In solutions with high
x
2
, the amount of preferential solvation (
∂g
2
/
∂g
3
) decreased to negative values when lysozyme was denatured. These results indicated that DMSO molecules do not interact directly with lysozyme as denaturants such as guanidine hydrochloride and urea do. The DMSO molecules interact indirectly with lysozyme leading to denaturation, probably due to a strong interaction between water and DMSO molecules.
The accelerator-based neutron diffraction began in the end of 60's at Tohoku University which was succeeded by the four spallation neutron facilities with proton accelerators at the High Energy ...Accelerator Research Organization (Japan), Argonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos Laboratory (USA), and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). Since then, the next generation source has been pursued for 20 years, and 1MW-class spallation neutron sources will be appeared in about three years at the three parts of the world: Japan, UK and USA. The joint proton accelerator project (J-PARC), a collaborative project between KEK and JAEA, is one of them. The aim of the talk is to describe about J-PARC and the neutron diffractometers being installed at the materials and life science facility of J-PARC. The materials and life science facility of J-PARC has 23 neutron beam ports and will start delivering the first neutron beam of 25 Hz from 2008 May. Until now, more than 20 proposals have been reviewed by the review committee, and accepted proposal groups have started to get fund. Those proposals include five polycrystalline diffractometers: a super high resolution powder diffractometer (SHRPD), a 0.2%-resolution powder diffractometer of Ibaraki prefecture (IPD), an engineering diffractometers (Takumi), a high intensity S(Q) diffractometer (VSD), and a high-pressure dedicated diffractometer. SHRPD, Takumi and IPD are being designed and constructed by the joint team of KEK, JAEA and Ibaraki University, whose member are originally from the KEK powder group. These three instruments are expected to start in 2008. VSD is a super high intensity diffractometer with the highest resolution of Deltad/d = 0.3%. VSD can measure rapid time-dependent phenomena of crystalline materials as well as glass, liquid and amorphous materials. The pair distribution function will be routinely obtained by the Fourier transiformation of S(Q) data. Q range of VSD will be as wide as 0.01 A-1 < Q < 100 A-1. IPD is fully funded by Ibaraki prefecture for the promotion of new industries based on advanced science and technologies. It is for the first time in neutron facilities in Japan that a prefecture owns neutron instruments as well as neutron beam will be provided widely to industrial users. To make it successful, the user system is quite important because those users are expected to use IPD like chemical analyzers in their materials development process. Based on questionnaire data to several hundreds industries, IPD is designed as a versatile diffractometer including texture measurement, small angle scattering and total scattering as well as usual powder diffraction. IPD covers d range 0.15 < d(A) < 4 with Deltad/d = 0.15%, and covers 4 < d(A) < 60 with gradually changing resolution. Q range of IPD will be as wide as 0.01 A-1 < Q < 50A-1 to be utilized for varieties of structures: local structure, nano structure and crystal structure analyses. Typical measuring time for the typical 'Rietveld-quality' data is several minutes with the sample size of laboratory X-ray: 0.4 cc. SHRPD is designed to be the world highest resolution with Deltad/d = 0.03% without sacrificing intensity. The combination of the high quality data from HRPD and their high-precision analysis gives us information on tiny structural changes which have been overlooked. After careful examination with the moderator group five years ago, we have decided to develop a high-resolution & good S/N moderator to achieve the 0.03% resolution within 100 m flight path. This development was almost successful up to now. Instrumental simulation and radiation analysis were almost completed. The d range 0.5 < d(A) < 4 with Deltad/d = 0.03%, and covers 4 < d(A) < 45 with gradually changing resolution. Takumi is the first priority instrument in JAEA for stress mapping inside structure materials with the highest resolution of Deltad/d = 0.2% (corresponding to 1'0-tilde '5 to 1'0-tilde '6 strain precision). The typical gauge volume will be 1 mm3. JED has transmission radiography detectors to support stress mapping. Software group is planning so that basic software to cover data acquisition and data treatment should be common. Since 1 Gbyte data are typically obtained for single experiment in an instrument, the basic software is quite important. International TV conference between ISIS, IPNS, SNS has been held every month to exchange information on each development. KEK developed manyo-lib to help basic analysis. Analysis software development including powder diffraction is strongly related with the activity of the software group. However, users of IPD will be from various field of science and their background is different. It should cover wide topics and help both beginners and well-trained users. We have started with neutron intensity database, peak-search software, peak-match software, pattern simulation, whole pattern fitting, PDF and RDF analysis, and now start coding Rietveld software.
We report the successful growth of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis infundibulus under laboratory conditions, when fed the marine ciliate Myrionecta rubra grown with the cryptophyte Teleaulax ...amphioxeia; this study follows previous studies on D. acuminata, D. caudata, and D. fortii, showing the mixotrophy. We succeeded in maintaining several clonal strains of D. infundibulus for a relatively long period of time (>8 mo). Growth rates in D. infundibulus ranged from 0.40 to 0.94 divisions d super(-1), reaching a maximum concentration of 1.2 to 2.3 x 10 super(3) cells ml super(-1). The rate was 0.36 divisions d super(-1) when apparently fully expanded cells, resulting from the active ingestion of Myrionecta rubra, were cultivated without the ciliate prey. In contrast, the culture of D. infundibulus was not established in the absence of the ciliate or when provided only with the cryptophyte T. amphioxeia, suggesting that D. infundibulus cannot directly use T. amphioxeia as prey. We also determined the sequences of nuclear small subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA with internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), and large subunit (LSU) rRNA regions in D. infundibulus. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that they are non-identical with regard to any of the DNA sequence data of Dinophysis deposited in GenBank, and are distinguishable from other Dinophysis species for species identification.
Temperature (T) dependence of Bragg reflections of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 (x = 0, 0.02) have been measured in detail on assembled mm-size crystallites to avoid effects of surface and/or externally induced ...strains with the high-resolution neutron powder diffractometer, where we have found that the profile width of the (400)O/(040)O reflections with the orthorhombic indexing begin to increase, as T decreases, at ~270 K, much higher than the tetragonal (Tet)-orthorhombic (Ort) second order transition temperature TS (-147.5 K) without showing any indication of an phase change above TS. The coexistence of two Ort phases with different orthorhombicity exists in the region of ~140 K < T < 143 K). The profile widths of (hhl)O reflections are nearly T-independent in the entire temperature region studied here (130 K ≤ T ≤ 350 K). An additional broadening due to the Co-doping is clearly found. We discuss these results in relation to the breakdown of the 4-fold symmetry of static physical quantities found in the electrical resistivity and band splitting of the 3dyz and 3dzx and orbitals and conclude that the disappearance of the 4-fold symmetry even in the macroscopically tetragonal phase can be understood by the existence of orthorhombic domains induced by crystal defects and/or impurities.
In frustrated spinel oxide CoV2O4, the knowledge of orbital, lattice, and spin structures has been fragmentary thus far. To investigate the structural and magnetic phase transitions in CoV2O4, we ...performed high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, single crystal synchrotron radiation diffraction, and magnetization and specific heat measurements for high-quality samples. Extremely small crystal distortion from cubic to tetragonal phase (1−c/a<0.06%) was observed using the high-resolution neutron diffraction measurement below T*∼95K, where a cusp was observed in the temperature dependence of magnetization. The single crystal diffraction experiment revealed that the structural phase transition accompanied by a change in the space group from I41/amd to I41/a occurred at T2=59K, where the phase transition was observed in the specific heat measurement. Crystal and magnetic structure analysis was carried out with the neutron data, and the results suggest that the magnetic phase transition from collinear to noncollinear magnetic ordering occurs at T* and the antiferro-orbital ordering occurs below T2. We discuss the observed small crystal distortion and orbital characteristics in the light of the boundary between localization and delocalization.
Epithermal neutron tomography using compact electron linear accelerator Kamiyama, T.; Miyamoto, N.; Tomioka, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2009, Letnik:
605, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Neutron resonance absorption spectroscopy (N-RAS) with a pulsed neutron source can distinguish the dynamics of individual nuclides having resonance peaks on epithermal neutron region. The analyzed ...internal information of nuclide presence and its effective temperature can be reconstructed as distributions over the object cross-section using computed tomography (CT). Because some of the resonance absorption cross-sections have very large values, N-RAS could match the small neutron pulsed source by its high sensitivity. In this study, we have constructed a new instrument of N-RAS on a compact electron linac neutron source. Resonance absorption measurements and CT imaging with the instrument have succeeded for some kinds of nuclide.
Influenza virus infection induces the production of various cytokines, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of infection. Among the cytokines induced by influenza, tumor necrosis factor α ...(TNF-α) production has been correlated with the severity of lung lesions. We investigated the effects of T-705 (Favipiravir, 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) on cytokine production due to influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo, compared with oseltamivir or GS 4071, an active form of oseltamivir. TNF-α production in mouse macrophage-derived P388D1 cells infected with the influenza virus was lower following treatment with T-705 at concentrations of 0.3 to 100 µg/ml than treatment with GS 4071 at the same concentrations. The effect of treatment with T-705 on the cytokine production induced by the influenza virus infection was investigated in mouse influenza virus infection model. At 48 h post-infection (p.i.) T-705 significantly suppressed the viral load in the lungs and TNF-α production in the airways of infected mice even when viral loads were high. Furthermore, T-705 suppressed only TNF-α production from the early phase of infection. In this study, T-705 showed the antiviral activity of reducing pulmonary viral load compared with oseltamivir, thereby suppressing the TNF-α production. This feature of T-705 is benefit against severe influenza infection.
The growth and feeding rates of two tintinnid species, Favella azorica and Favella taraikaensis, were determined under various concentrations of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama.
PDF
