Abstract
Weakly nonlinear (i.e., finite but small amplitude) propagation of plane progressive pressure waves in compressible water flows uniformly containing many spherical bubbles is theoretically ...studied. Drag force acting bubbles and translation of bubbles are newly considered by introducing in momentum conservation equations in a two fluid model and the bubble dynamics equation for volumetric oscillations, respectively. Although these assumptions are the same as our previous paper, in this study, the energy conservation equation for each bubble describing a thermal conduction inside bubble is introduced. By using the method of multiple scales, the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation for low-frequency long wave was derived from the set of basic equations in the two-fluid model. As a result, the dissipation effect was described by two types of terms, i.e., one was the second-order partial derivative owing to the liquid compressibility and the other was the term without differentiation owing to the drag force and the thermal conduction. Finally, we clarified that the dissipation owing to the drag force was smaller than that owing to the thermal conduction.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is often used for the amplification of a mixture of homologous genes. PCR bias and artifact formation can occur in multitemplate PCR, and provide incorrect information ...on the abundance and diversity of genes. PCR bias and artifact formation occur at a higher rate during the last few cycles of the reaction, and therefore can be avoided by stopping the PCR earlier.
The influence of the B-Lynch suture technique on subsequent fertility and pregnancy outcomes is not clear. In the present report, the authors describe the case of a very short interpregnancy interval ...following the successful placement of a B-lynch suture and discuss the associated problems.
A 33-year-old-woman underwent cesarean section after undergoing artificial induction of labor and subsequent atonic postpartum hemorrhage. Placement of a B-Lynch brace suture successfully stopped the bleeding and preserved the uterus. The patient became unexpectedly pregnant only four months later, making the present case the shortest reported interpregnancy interval after a surgery involving the B-Lynch suture.
In the present case, fertility was not affected, and obstetric complications (abortion, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and placenta previa) were not observed. Adhesions between the abdominal wall and the surface of the uterus along the previous B-Lynch suture line were observed and irregular, large blood vessels were observed on the surface of the uterus. Further reports are expected to determine the influence of the B-Lynch brace suture technique on the subsequent pregnancy.
Abstract The incidence of pre-eclampsia is significantly higher in trisomy 13 pregnancies than in normal pregnancies. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), located on chromosome 13, is an ...anti-angiogenic molecule derived from the placenta and contributes to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Elevated sFlt-1 and reduced placental growth factor (PlGF) are associated with trisomy 13 pregnancies and may play a pathogenic role in the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia. Here we present a case of a trisomy 13 pregnancy without any signs of pre-eclampsia that showed alterations in circulating angiogenic factors and abnormal placental appearance. The placenta developed edematous changes and contained multiple small cysts. Histology of the placenta confirmed avascular edematous cystic villi and did not show the typical appearance of a partial mole or mesenchymal dysplasia. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in maternal serum (134) was much higher than that in gestational age-matched women who were normotensive (2.9–7.2; mean, 5.0). Immunostaining for Flt-1 and endoglin was more intense in our case compared with gestational age-matched controls, and at a similar level to a case of pre-eclampsia. Placental findings that showed avascular edematous cystic villi in our case may be associated with angiogenic imbalance involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in trisomy 13 pregnancies.
Abstract Objective To assess the association between maternal arterial stiffness and delivery of a baby that is small for gestational age (SGA) in normotensive pregnant women. Study design Pulse wave ...analyses were performed to assess maternal arterial stiffness at 26–33 weeks of gestation in 40 normotensive women who subsequently delivered SGA babies (SGA group) and 111 normotensive women who delivered babies with normal growth (control group). Results Central systolic pressure (CSP), augmentation index (AIx) and AIx at a heart rate of 75 beats/min (AIx-75) were significantly higher in the SGA group compared with the control group, but this was not the case for brachial systolic pressure, brachial diastolic pressure or brachial pulse pressure. Birth weight was significantly correlated with CSP ( r = −0.26, p < 0.01), AIx ( r = −0.33, p < 0.01) and AIx-75 ( r = −0.27, p < 0.01), but not with brachial systolic pressure, brachial diastolic pressure or brachial pulse pressure. Conclusion Increased arterial stiffness may be involved, in part, in the pathogenesis of SGA in normotensive women, suggesting an association between fetal growth and maternal endothelial function. Pulse wave analysis may be a clinically applicable method for assessment of maternal arterial stiffness, and may be more relevant to intrauterine fetal growth than conventional brachial blood pressure.
To present a case report on the successful management of a low-lying placenta and aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious disorder that is often characterized by severe pancytopenia. ...Because of the rarity of aplastic anemia, a pregnancy complicated by it is rarely encountered by obstetricians. Moreover, placenta previa (low-lying placenta) complicated by aplastic anemia has not been previously reported.
The authors present the first reported case of placenta previa with aplastic anemia in a patient who had undergone a previous cesarean delivery.
They successfully managed this case by making a transverse uterine fundal incision during an elective cesarean delivery. This incision minimized blood loss and enabled good visualization of the source of bleeding in the lower uterine segment. Bleeding was stemmed by suturing the source of bleeding.
The authors propose that this procedure should be considered for patients with low platelet counts and abnormal placentation.
Oxidative stress with elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration as well as endothelial dysfunction is a component of pre-eclampsia. Our aim was to investigate the oxidative stress-dependent ...expression of Endoglin and Ca2+-binding S100B protein from villous and amniotic tissue cultures, and to assess sEng expression from S100B protein-stimulated endothelial cells. We initially examined Endoglin and Hydroxy-nonenal-(HNE)-modified proteins in the placentas and amnion obtained from women with pre-eclampsia (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 8) by immunohistochemistry. To examine oxidative stress and the S100B protein effect on sEng expression from endothelial cells, normal villous and amniotic tissue cultures were stimulated by 4-HNE, sodium fluoride and xanthine/xanthine oxidase, whereas human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures were treated with S100B protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner at 37°C in an environment of 95% air and 5% of CO2. Culture supernatants were assessed using ELISA. Cell viability was determined using MTS assay. The concentrations of sEng and S100B protein were significantly increased in the villous and amniotic tissue culture supernatants under oxidative stress. S100B protein-stimulated endothelial cells released sEng into conditioned media with a significantly higher expression levels at a concentration of 200 pM–20 nM S100B by 2 h, whereas treated with 200 nM of S100B endothelial cells significantly expressed sEng by 12 h and stimulated the cell proliferation by the same period of time. Our findings show that oxidative stress affects sEng and S100B protein expression from villous and amniotic tissues, and picomolar and low nanomolar concentrations of S100B protein significantly up-regulate sEng release from endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction.
PDF
