Hyponatremia is one of the most commonly encountered electrolyte disorders in emergency department (ED). Seasonal fluctuations of the prevalence of hyponatremia has been reported. We investigated the ...impact of age on the seasonal prevalence of hyponatremia in the emergency department in Japan.
Total of 8377 patients presented to the ED between January 2015 and December 2016 were reviewed. The adult group aged between 18 and 64 years old consisted of 3656 patients and the elderly group aged over 65 years consisted of 4721 patients. Information collected included age, sex, serum sodium, and serum creatinine. Hyponatremia was defined as a serum sodium leve1 < 135 mEq/L and severe hyponatremia was defined as a serum sodium level < 125 mEq/L.
Prevalence of hyponatremia was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the adult group (17.0% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of severe hyponatremia was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the adult group (1.9% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of hyponatremia and severe hyponatremia was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the adult group in all seasons. In the elderly group, there was a significant correlation between weather high temperature during summer and prevalence of hyponatremia (r = 0.510, p = 0.011).
There was a major impact of age on the seasonal prevalence of hyponatremia and severe hyponatremia. Strategies to prevent hyponatremia and severe hyponatremia should be taken especially in the elderly patients during summer.
Abstract
Catheter malfunction is one of the most important complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We have performed minilaparotomy for catheter repair by nephrologists. This study aimed to ...evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the surgery. The surgery was performed 11 times on 10 PD patients with catheter malfunction (3 man, 7 women; mean age 54.3 ± 14.6 years; 4 diabetes, 3 glomerulonephritis, 3 other) at two hospitals. All patients had inflow and/or outflow obstruction. One patient had inserted the PD catheter using conventional surgical technique, and the remaining nine patients had used Moncrief-Popovich technique. Seven patients with catheters embedded using the Moncrief-Popovich technique showed catheter occlusion at the time of externalization. The remaining three patients experienced catheter obstruction 6.0 ± 2.9 months after commencing PD. The cause of obstruction was fibrin in six patients, wrapping by fimbriae of the fallopian tube in two patients, omentum wrapping in two patients. One patient had no blockage in the catheter. Operative time was 97 ± 46 min, and no intraoperative complications were observed. PD was interrupted for 5.9 ± 3.0 days and was resumed without leakage in all patients. However, catheter malfunction recurred in one patient 3 months after the surgery. The mean hospital stay was 22.4 ± 14.7 days. Minilaparotomy by nephrologists is a safety and suitable for the management of catheter malfunction. In addition, it is necessary to always consider the possibility that the catheter has been occluded at the time of externalization in the Moncrief-Popovich technique.
We previously reported a re-embedding catheter technique for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with high risk of catheter removal at the discontinuation of PD. We recently operated on a 50-year-old ...female patient who had resumed PD by externalization of the catheter after the re-embedding catheter technique. The patient had been on PD for acute kidney injury (AKI) due to a hypertensive emergency in 2009, but had discontinued PD after seven months because her creatinine levels decreased to 2 mg/dL. However, because her renal function did not normalize and she preferred to undergo PD for future renal replacement therapy, we applied the re-embedding catheter technique. She resumed PD by externalization of the catheter four years later. We consider the re-embedding catheter technique a useful method for AKI patients who do not recover normal renal function.
Attribute-based medicine is essential for patient-centered medicine. To date, the groups of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring urate-lowering therapy are clinically unknown. Herein, ...we evaluated the efficacy of febuxostat using a cross-classification, attribute-based research approach. We performed post hoc analysis of multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial data for 395 patients with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Participants were divided into febuxostat or placebo groups and subcohorts stratified and cross-classified by proteinuria and serum creatinine concentrations. In patients stratified based on proteinuria, the mean eGFR slopes were significantly higher in the febuxostat group than in the placebo group (P = 0.007) in the subcohort without proteinuria. The interaction between febuxostat treatment and presence of proteinuria in terms of eGFR slope was significant (P for interaction = 0.019). When cross-classified by the presence of proteinuria and serum creatinine level, the mean eGFR slopes significantly differed between the febuxostat and placebo groups (P = 0.040) in cross-classified subcohorts without proteinuria and with serum creatinine level ≥ median, but not in the cross-classified subcohorts with proteinuria and serum creatinine level < median. Febuxostat mitigated the decline in kidney function among stage 3 CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia without proteinuria.
Background:
This multi-institutional, observational study examined whether the outcomes after peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter placement in Japan meet the audit criteria of the International Society ...for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guideline and identified factors affecting technique survival and perioperative complications.
Methods:
Adult patients who underwent first PD catheter placement for end-stage kidney disease between April 2019 and March 2021 were followed until PD withdrawal, kidney transplantation, transfer to other facilities, death, 1 year after PD start or March 2022, whichever came first. Primary outcomes were time to catheter patency failure and technique failure, and perioperative infectious complications within 30 days of catheter placement. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest.
Results:
Of the total 409 patients, 8 who underwent the embedded catheter technique did not have externalised catheters. Of the 401 remaining patients, catheter patency failure occurred in 25 (6.2%). Technical failure at 12 months after PD catheter placement calculated from cumulative incidence function was 15.3%. On Cox proportional hazards model analysis, serum albumin (hazard ratio (HR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.70) and straight type catheter (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.24–3.69) were the independent risk factors for technique failure. On logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus was the only independent risk factor for perioperative infectious complications (odds ratio 2.70, 95% CI 1.30–5.58). The occurrence rate of perioperative complications generally met the audit criteria of the ISPD guidelines.
Conclusion:
PD catheter placement in Japan was proven to be safe and appropriate.
Graphical Abstract
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