In this work, we developed and optimized an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multi-pesticide residues in fishery products using dispersive-solid phase extraction and liquid ...chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We selected 66 pesticides (insecticide, fungicides, and herbicides) and determined their residue concentrations in fish and shrimp. The samples were prepared according to the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure. Matrix-matched calibrations were carried out at three different spiking levels in flatfish, eel, and shrimp. The validation procedure was performed to determine the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, and limit of quantification (LOQ) according to the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL-71). Consequently, the proposed method is satisfactory in terms of accuracy (recoveries between 70 and 125%), precision (relative standard deviation below 20%). The matrix effects were between −98.1 and 48.6% in flatfish, eel, and shrimp. LOQs of this method was below 10 μg kg−1. The proposed method was applied to investigate the pesticide residue levels of fresh fish and shrimp samples (n = 78) obtained from domestic markets in Korea. As a result, 10 samples was positive (12.8%) for the 66 targeted pesticides. Based on our results, the developed method was successfully applied for the detection and quantification of pesticide residues in fish and shrimp.
•We proposed multi-residue analytical method for determination of pesticide residues.•The method showed satisfactory validation performance according to CODEX guideline.•The simplicity, high throughput, reliability of results were the advantage of method.•The evaluated matrix effects (−98.1 and 48.6%) varied with species (flatfish, eel, and shrimp).•Among 78 analyzed samples, 12.8% (n = 10) was detected in fish and shrimp.
Abstract
Metal-organic layers with ordered structure and molecular tunability are of great potential as heterogeneous catalysts due to their readily accessible active sites. Herein, we demonstrate a ...facile template strategy to prepare metal-organic layers with a uniform thickness of three metal coordination layers (ca. 1.5 nm) with graphene oxide as both template and electron mediator. The resulting hybrid catalyst exhibits an excellent performance for CO
2
photoreduction with a total CO yield of 3133 mmol g
–1
MOL
(CO selectivity of 95%), ca. 34 times higher than that of bulky Co-based metal-organic framework. Systematic studies reveal that well-exposed active sites in metal-organic layers, and facile electron transfer between heterogeneous and homogeneous components mediated by graphene oxide, greatly contribute to its high activity. This work highlights a facile way for constructing ultrathin metal-organic layers and demonstrates charge transfer pathway between conductive template and catalyst for boosting photocatalysis.
The loss of retinal ganglion cells observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be attributable to a neurodegeneration of the neuro-retinal structure. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has been ...considered a prodromal stage of AD. We evaluated retinal thicknesses in patients with aMCI and AD compared to healthy controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate whether changes in retinal thickness are correlated with the clinical severity of dementia.
Patients with aMCI (n = 14), mild to moderate AD (n = 7), severe AD (n = 9), and age-matched controls (n = 17) underwent neuro-ophthalmologic examinations. Global deterioration scale (GDS), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and mini-mental status examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate the clinical overall severity of dementia. The thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), total macula, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT.
The severe AD group had overall significantly thinner GC-IPL, total macula, and peripapillary RNFL compared to the controls (p<0.05). In the mild to moderate AD group, the total macula, average RNFL, and superior RNFL thickness were each significantly reduced compared to controls (p<0.05). The aMCI group had reduced total macula, average RNFL, and inferior RNFL thickness, but there were no significant differences compared to the controls. The GDS and CDR scores had a negative correlation with the thickness of the GC-IPL and the total macula. The MMSE scores had a positive correlation with both the total macular and average RNFL thickness, when adjusted for age (p<0.05).
This study confirmed that retinal thickness is decreased in AD patients. There is a correlation between reduced retinal thickness and the clinical severity of dementia.
Abstract
The oxidized platinum (Pt) can exhibit better electrocatalytic activity than metallic Pt
0
in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which has aroused great interest in exploring the role of ...oxygen in Pt-based catalysts. Herein, we select two structurally well-defined polyoxometalates Na
5
H
3
Pt
(IV)
W
6
O
24
(PtW
6
O
24
) and Na
3
K
5
Pt
(II)
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
(Pt
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
) as the platinum oxide model to investigate the HER performance. Electrocatalytic experiments show the mass activities of PtW
6
O
24
/C and Pt
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
/C are 20.175 A mg
−1
and 10.976 A mg
−1
at 77 mV, respectively, which are better than that of commercial 20% Pt/C (0.398 A mg
−1
). The in situ synchrotron radiation experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the elongated Pt-O bond acts as the active site during the HER process, which can accelerate the coupling of proton and electron and the rapid release of H
2
. This work complements the knowledge boundary of Pt-based electrocatalytic HER, and suggests another way to update the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst.
Photonic crystals (PCs) are ideal candidates for reflective color pigments with high color purity and brightness due to tunable optical stop band. Herein, the generation of PC microspheres through 3D ...confined supramolecular assembly of block copolymers (polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PS‐b‐P2VP) and small molecules (3‐n‐pentadecylphenol, PDP) in emulsion droplets is demonstrated. The intrinsic structural colors of the PC microspheres are effectively regulated by tuning hydrogen‐bonding interaction between P2VP blocks and PDP, where reflected color can be readily tuned across the whole visible spectrum range. Also, the effects of both PDP and homopolymer (hPS) on periodic structure and optical properties of the microspheres are investigated. Moreover, the spectral results of finite element method (FEM) simulation agree well with the variation of structural colors by tuning the periodicity in PC microspheres. The supramolecular microspheres with tunable intrinsic structural color can be potentially useful in the various practical applications including display, anti‐counterfeit printing and painting.
The intrinsic structural colors of PS‐b‐P2VP microspheres can be effectively regulated by hydrogen bonding with small molecules (e.g., 3‐n‐pentadecylphenol) and the addition of homopolymers, keeping the morphology equilibrium of concentric lamellar structure. Moreover, the range of the spectral regulation covers the whole visible light region.
An analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twenty aminoglycosides (AGs) in meat, milk, and egg using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The target ...analytes were separated on a reverse-phase C18 column and eluted with acetonitrile containing the ion-pairing reagent (heptafluorobutyric acid). For sample preparation, we used ammonium acetate buffer solution and dispersive solid-phase cleanup (C18). Linearity was obtained >0.98 (r2). The trueness (average recoveries) was between 70 and 118%. The precision (coefficient of variation) was in the range of 1–27%. The proposed method provides reliable screening, quantification, and identification of twenty AGs residues in various food matrices. The method was applied to analyze real samples collected from local market, demonstrating that method is robust and useful for determining AGs residues.
•Simultaneous determination of twenty aminoglycosides in meat, milk, and egg was firstly developed by LC-MS/MS.•The effective sample extraction was optimized by ammonium acetate buffer solution with EDTA and d-SPE cleanup.•Comparable method performance were evaluated based on guidelines (CAC GL-71 and 2002/657/EC).•The developed method provides accurate and precise analytical performances in various food matrices.
Objectives
To identify, describe and synthesise the views and experiences of adults living with asthma regarding shared decision‐making (SDM) in the existing qualitative literature
Methods
We ...conducted a comprehensive search of 10 databases (list databases) from inception until September 2023. Screening was performed according to inclusion criteria. Tools from the Joanna Briggs lnstitute were utilised for the purposes of data extraction and synthesis in this study. The data extraction process in this study employed the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B model) as a framework, and a pragmatic meta‐aggregative approach was employed to synthesise the collected results.
Results
Nineteen studies were included in the metasynthesis. Three synthesised themes were identified: the capability of people living with asthma, the opportunities of people living with asthma in SDM, and the motivation of the people living with asthma in SDM.
Conclusions
We have identified specific factors influencing people living with asthma engaging in SDM. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the implementation of SDM in people living with asthma and provide insights for the development of their SDM training programs. The ConQual score for the synthesised findings was rated as low. To enhance confidence, future studies should address dependability and credibility factors.
Practice Implications
This review contemplates the implementation of SDM from the perspective of people living with asthma, with the aim of providing patient‐centred services for them. The results of this review can benefit the implementation of SDM and facilitate information sharing. It offers guidance for SDM skills training among adults living with asthma, fosters a better doctor–patient relationship and facilitates consensus in treatment decisions, thereby enabling personalised and tailored medical care.
Patient or Public Contribution
Three nursing graduate students participated in the data extraction and integration process, with two students having extensive clinical experience that provided valuable insights for the integration.
Background and Purpose
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, is closely related to metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Despite an ...accumulating number of studies, no pharmacotherapy that targets NAFLD has received general approval for clinical use.
Experimental Approach
Inhibition of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a promising approach to treat diabetes, obesity, and associated metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, NGI001, on NAFLD and obesity‐associated metabolic symptoms in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice.
Key Results
Delayed intervention with NGI001 protected against body weight gain, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, compared with HFD alone. Adipocyte hypertrophy was prevented by administering NGI001. NGI001 inhibited impaired glucose metabolism and regulated the secretion of adipokines associated with insulin resistance. In addition, NGI001 supplementation suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation but had little effect on kidney function. In‐depth investigations showed that NGI001 ameliorated fat deposition and increased AMPK phosphorylation, resulting in phosphorylation of its major downstream target, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, in human hepatocyte HuS‐E/2 cells. This cascade ultimately led to the down‐regulation of downstream fatty acid synthesis‐related molecules and the up‐regulation of downstream β oxidation‐associated molecules. Surprisingly, NGI001 decreased gene and protein expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and glucose uptake in oleic acid‐treated HuS‐E/2 cells.
Conclusion and Implications
Our findings suggest the novel SGLT2 inhibitor, NGI001 has therapeutic potential to attenuate or delay the onset of diet‐induced metabolic diseases and NAFLD.
Systems that are intelligent have the ability to sense their surroundings, analyze, and respond accordingly. In nature, many biological systems are considered intelligent (e.g., humans, animals, and ...cells). For man‐made systems, artificial intelligence is achieved by massively sophisticated electronic machines (e.g., computers and robots operated by advanced algorithms). On the other hand, freestanding materials (i.e., not tethered to a power supply) are usually passive and static. Hence, herein, the question is asked: can materials be fabricated so that they are intelligent? One promising approach is to use stimuli‐responsive materials; these “smart” materials use the energy supplied by a stimulus available from the surrounding for performing a corresponding action. After decades of research, many interesting stimuli‐responsive materials that can sense and perform smart functions have been developed. Classes of functions discussed include practical functions (e.g., targeting and motion), regulatory functions (e.g., self‐regulation and amplification), and analytical processing functions (e.g., memory and computing). The pathway toward creating truly intelligent materials can involve incorporating a combination of these different types of functions into a single integrated system by using stimuli‐responsive materials as the basic building blocks.
Can materials be intelligent? Materials are usually regarded as static and passive. One possibility is to use stimuli‐responsive materials: recent research has demonstrated many fascinating stimuli‐responsive systems that are truly “smart” and functional. A pathway to intelligence of materials can involve integrating the practical, regulatory, and analytical functions of stimuli‐responsive materials for constructing highly complex systems.
is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the host defense system.
-polysaccharides is an effective component with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, ...antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. In the present study, we determine the effects of
-polysaccharides on metabolically stressed transgenic mice in order to develop this macromolecules for treatment of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease with metabolic risk factors. Transgenic mice, at 10 weeks old prior to the appearance of senile plaques, were treated in combination of administrating high-fat diet and injecting low-dose streptozotocin to create the metabolically stressed mice model.
-polysaccharides was administrated starting at 14 weeks for 7 weeks. We found that
-polysaccharides reduced metabolic stress-induced increase of body weight, insulin and insulin and leptin level, insulin resistance, and hepatic triglyceride.
-polysaccharides also ameliorated metabolic stress-exacerbated oral glucose intolerance, although the fasting blood glucose was only temporally reduced. In brain, metabolic stress-elicited astrogliosis and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques was also diminished by
-polysaccharides administration. The plaque deposition, however, was not significantly affected by
-polysaccharides administration. These findings suggest that
-polysaccharides may be used to ameliorate metabolic stress-induced diabesity and the subsequent neuroinflammation, which improved the behavior performance in metabolically stressed transgenic mice.
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