Abstract
Social life has moved toward the digital world in many aspects. As the original inhabitants of virtual life, young people face several adversities while flirting and dating online. The ...anonymity of the online environment enables aggression without consequences. Cyberviolence has no boundaries as time or place. Thus it may cause psychological distress.
Young people frequently use online dating and social networking sites, which makes them vulnerable to cyber dating violence, sextortion, and revenge porn. Cyberdating violence usually targets young women and girls. It is mainly related to stereotypical gender beliefs: presented as controlling behavior and psychological violence. Survivors of cyber dating violence tend to feel anger, hostility, and loneliness. Sextortion is image-based sexual abuse, which includes threats with intimate pictures or videos. Perpetrators of sextortion can be hackers, ex-partners, or admirers. Exposure to sextortion is related to shame, fear, and helplessness. Former partners may use revenge porn to control one’s behavior. It is another kind of image-based sexual abuse. Perpetrators may use nonconsensual pornography to punish or humiliate their ex-partners.
Cyber victimization is as traumatic as real-life victimization. That results in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Moreover, the absence of time and space restrictions can make cyberviolence even more debilitative. I aim to inform European psychiatrists about the current shapes of cyber psychological trauma in the context of online flirting and dating. So that psychiatrists can better understand its content and outcomes, especially while working with young people.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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•Up to 12 putative cryptic species detected in two Mediterranean marine amphipods.•The divergence of both morphospecies started in the late Oligocene/early Miocene.•The timing of the ...diversification correlates with the regional geological history.•Geographic segregation of the cryptic lineages persisted for millions of years.
Amphipods of the genus Gammarus are a vital component of macrozoobenthic communities in European inland and coastal, marine and brackish waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Exceptional levels of cryptic diversity have been revealed for several widespread freshwater Gammarus species in Europe. No comprehensive assessment has yet been made for brackishwater counterparts, such as Gammarus aequicauda and G. insensibilis, which are among the most widely dispersed members of the so-called “G. locusta group” in the Mediterranean and in the Black Sea. Here we probe the diversity of these morphospecies examining the partitioning of mtDNA and nDNA across multiple populations along their distribution range and discuss it within the regional paleogeographic framework.
We gathered molecular data from a collection of 166 individuals of G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis from 47 locations along their distribution range in the Mediterranean including the Black Sea. They were amplified for both mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA as well as the nuclear 28S rRNA. All five MOTU delimitation methods (ABGD, BIN, bPTP, GMYC single and multiple threshold models) applied revealed deep divergence between Black Sea and Mediterranean populations in both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis. There were eight distinct MOTUs delimited for G. aequicauda (6–18% K2P) and 4 MOTUs for G. insensibilis (4–14% K2P). No sympatric MOTUs were detected throughout their distribution range. Multimarker time-calibrated phylogeny indicated that divergence of both G. aequicauda and G. insensibilis species complexes started already in the late Oligocene/early Miocene with the split between clades inhabiting eastern and western part of the Mediterranean occurring in both species at the similar time.
Our results indicate a high cryptic diversity within Mediterranean brackishwater Gammarus, similar to that observed for freshwater counterparts. Moreover, the phylogenetic history combined with the current geographic distribution indicate that the evolution of both studied Gammarus morphogroups has been strongly connected with the geological events in the Mediterranean Basin and it reflect the turbulent history of the area.
Background Acne vulgaris is a common disease among adolescents and known to have adverse effects on psychological status.
Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 600 participants by means ...of a questionnaire designed for this study in high school students. In addition, an objective evaluation of acne in participants was undertaken. The questionnaire consisted of questions about acne, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES).
Results Five hundred and sixty‐three questionnaires out of 600 were answered and 550 adolescents who gave permission for examination were evaluated. The study population consisted of 303 girls and 260 boys between the ages 13 and 19, and the mean age was 15.24 ± 1.05 years. Acne prevalence was 63.6% with 29.2% non‐inflammatory and 34.4% inflammatory acne. It was more prevalent and severe in boys than in girls. Not the objective but the subjective severity of acne and opinion that one could benefit from acne treatment was found to be related to anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. Factors implicated among causes of acne were food, bad skin hygiene and hormones in decreasing frequency. Forty‐eight per cent of adolescents expect a maximum duration of 4 weeks for treatment.
Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of acne, there is still much deficiency of knowledge and wrong beliefs about acne. This indicates that there is an urgent need for education about etiopathogenesis, potential complications and importance of effective treatment for acne. Effective treatment may make significant contributions for the mental health of adolescent and as well as adult populations.
The antioxidant compound alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) possesses antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties. In the hypothalamus, alpha-LA suppresses appetite and prevents obesity by inhibiting ...AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Given the therapeutic potential of alpha-LA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and the importance of AMPK in beta cells, we examined the effect of alpha-LA on pancreatic beta cell function.
Isolated rat islets and MIN6 beta cells were treated acutely (15-90 min) or chronically (18-24 h) with alpha-LA or the known AMPK-activating compounds 5'-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and metformin. Insulin secretion, the AMPK-signalling pathway, mitochondrial function and cell growth were assessed.
Acute or chronic treatment of islets and MIN6 cells with alpha-LA led to dose-dependent rises in phosphorylation of the AMPK alpha-subunit and acetyl CoA carboxylase. Chronic exposure to alpha-LA, AICAR or metformin caused a reduction in insulin secretion. alpha-LA inhibited the p70 s6 kinase translational control pathway, and inhibited MIN6 growth in a manner similar to rapamycin. Unlike AICAR and metformin, alpha-LA also acutely inhibited insulin secretion. Examination of the effect of alpha-LA on mitochondrial function showed that acute treatment with this compound elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhanced mitochondrial depolarisation induced by Ca(2+).
This study is the first to demonstrate that alpha-LA directly affects beta cell function. The chronic effects of alpha-LA include AMPK activation and reductions in insulin secretion and content, and cell growth. Acutely, alpha-LA also inhibits insulin secretion, an effect probably involving the ROS-induced impairment of mitochondrial function.
IntroductionPeripartum period is a risky period for mental ill health among women. Biologically endocrinal changes, pregnancy complications, and lack of sleep due to childcare may increase ...psychopathology. From a social perspective, there is a role translation from women into mother, which is highly demanding. Moreover, the psychological approach underlines interpersonal relationships during the peripartum period. Even though the clinical focus is on postpartum depression, research shows its roots in pregnancy depression.ObjectivesThe present study aims to detect predisposing factors to pregnancy depression.MethodsOne hundred-six pregnant women admitted to Salesi Pediatric Hospital of Ancona, participated in the study between April 2021-February 2022. Participants completed the sociodemographic form and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). EPDS scores higher than or equal to 9 are considered psychometric depression.ResultsThe mean age of participants were 33.30 ± 4.64. Most were Italian (97.2%) and cohabiting/married (97.2%). Almost half of the participants were university graduates (50.9%). 84% were employed. The pregnant women were predominantly in the third trimester (71.7%). 58.5% had no children before. No participants were using alcohol or drugs. Pregnancy depression was 13.2% prevalent (See Table 1). Table 2 summarizes binary logistic regression analysis: Higher age, gestational comorbidity, and pregnant women’s and their partner’s psychiatric disorder history predicted depressive symptoms above the threshold.Image:Image 2:ConclusionsOur study reveals well-known risk factors for pregnancy depression and a new finding: expectant fathers’ mental health history predicts actual depressive symptomatology in pregnant women. Fathers should be included in perinatal mental health care. Prevention programs targeting peripartum depression should cover fathers’ mental health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Aim Increased frequency of cardiovascular disease and its possible relations with insulin resistance have been reported in patients with inflammatory diseases. The aim of our study was to ...investigate insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels as cardiovascular risk markers in patients with Behçet’s disease.
Method Study population consisted of 40 patients with Behçet’s disease (BD) and a control group composed of age, gender, body mass index‐matched 46 healthy individuals. All patients were examined for signs of Behçet’s disease. Body mass index, waist and hip circumference were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance method. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lipid profile, high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), adiponectin, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels were measured.
Results Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum hsCRP and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in patients with BD than those in the controls (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels and lipid profile were not different between the two groups. Insulin resistance and decreased levels of the serum adiponectin were not detected in the patients. There was no relationship between insulin resistance, adiponectin levels and inflammatory markers. Active and inactive patients did not differ in respect of any parameters.
Conclusion Being a systemic vasculitis, BD may cause cardiovascular involvement. In this study, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and low adiponectin levels were not detected among our patients with Behçet’s disease. Our results suggest that there exists no increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease associated with adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in patients with Behçet’s disease.
Assigning objectives to the environmental monitoring network is the pillar of the design to these kinds of networks. Conflicting network objectives may affect the adequacy of the design in terms of ...sampling frequency and the spatial distribution of the monitoring stations which in turn affect the accuracy of the data and the information extracted. The first step in resolving this problem is to identify the uncertainty inherent in the network as the result of the vagueness of the design objective. Entropy has been utilized and adopted over the past decades to identify uncertainty in similar water data sets. Therefore it is used to identify the uncertainties inherent in the water quality monitoring network of Bahr El-Baqar drain located in the Eastern Delta. Toward investigating the applicability of the Entropy methodology, comprehensive analysis at the selected drain as well as their data sets is carried out. Furthermore, the uncertainty calculated by the entropy function will be presented by the means of the geographical information system to give the decision maker a global view to these uncertainties and to open the door to other researchers to find out innovative approaches to lower these uncertainties reaching optimal monitoring network in terms of the spatial distribution of the monitoring stations.
Abstract Background Adjuvant therapeutic methods are employed when pemphigus vulgaris (PV) fails to be controlled by conventional corticosteroid treatment. Objective: The efficacy of double ...filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was investigated in a PV patient with severe, refractory mucosal disease. Methods A total of 3 DFPP cycles, each cycle consisting of 5 double filtration sessions conducted on alternate days was completed. Results DFPP provided immediate clinical relief of symptoms as well as a significant decrease in anti-desmoglein antibody levels and allowed for a much lower corticosteroid dose. Conclusion DFPP was an effective and safe adjuvant therapy in our patient with PV and it offers a valid treatment option in PV patients with recalcitrant disease.
Background: Pentraxins (PTX) play key roles in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. An increase in PTX3 levels may be a marker of early radiation injury in the lung. Thus, we aimed to ...determine the effect of radiation on PTX3 expression in a lung injury mouse model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four 6-8-week-old mice were divided into 4 groups, one control (group 1) and three experimental groups (groups 2-4) irradiated with 6 MV photons and 5 Gy in a single fraction. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were sedated and euthanized 24, 72, and 168 h after radiation, respectively. The right lung middle lobe was then removed for histochemical examination and immunostaining for PTX3 expression, which was evaluated semiquantitatively using H-SCORE analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Immunohistochemistry of lung tissue samples showed different PTX3 expression levels across the four groups. Group 1 showed weak staining (232.50 ± 9.501), while group 2 (301.50 ± 7.472) and group 3 (283.50 ± 7.090) showed strong immunoreactivity. Group 4 showed moderate PTX3 immunoreactivity (271.50 ± 10.013). Moreover, H-score values between control and early radiation groups were statistically significant (group 1 vs. group 2, p < 0.001; group 1 vs. group 3, p = 0.002). Conclusion: PTX3 levels may be an early marker for long-term radiation effects. Our study provides insights into the pathological processes of pulmonary inflammation and acute radiation injury, and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for controlling pulmonary inflammation without eliciting radiation injury.
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