A 2.7-V GSM RF transceiver IC Yamawaki, T.; Kokubo, M.; Irie, K. ...
IEEE journal of solid-state circuits,
1997-Dec., 1997-12-00, 19971201, Letnik:
32, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A 2.7-V RF transceiver IC is intended for small, low-cost global system for mobile communications (GSM) handsets. This chip includes a quadrature modulator (QMOD) and an offset phase locked loop ...(OPLL) in the transmit path and a dual IF receiver that consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA) with an active-bias circuit, two Gilbert-cell mixers, a programmable gain linear amplifier (PGA), and a quadrature demodulator (QDEM). The IC also contains frequency dividers with a very high frequency voltage controlled oscillator (VHF-VCO) to simplify the receiver design. The system evaluation results are the phase error of 2.7/spl deg/ r.m.s. and the noise transmitted in the GSM receiving band of -163 dBc/Hz for transmitters and the reference sensitivity of -105 dBm for receivers. Power-control functions are provided for independent transmit and receive operation. The IC is implemented by using bipolar technology with f/sub T/=15 GHz, r'/sub bb/=150 /spl Omega/, and 0.6-/spl mu/m features.
DoS attack is the threat to ICT (Information and communications technology) society. There are many existed detection methods, but countermeasures has been become difficult according to complication ...of attacks. In conventional methods, entropy-based methods detect attacks using the property of entropy that it enables to estimate increase and decrease of dispersion of header information values, like IP address, by comparing before and after entropy values in time series. In this method, the detection with only one header information is low accuracy, so some or many header information is necessary for accurate detection. Therefore, time for calculating their entropy is needed and the detection method becomes complicated. In this way, requiring some or many header information is the cause of the such problem. So in this paper, we propose the detection method with only 2 header information that is fewer than conventional methods: "packet arrival time" and "source IP address". First, we analyzed two datasets, calculated entropy values of header information. Second, we extracted common features of DoS attacks between two datasets, proposed the detection method detect that feature. As a result, the proposed method with only 2 header information became simpler than conventional methods. And we was able to distinguish the attack time from the non-attack time clearly.
Heteronuclear Bi1−xLaxFe(CN)6·nH2O complexes were synthesized, and their crystal structures and thermal decomposition process were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis ...(TGA), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal system of the complexes was orthorhombic having n = 4 for x = 0–0.7 and was hexagonal having n = 5 for x = 1.0. Their mixture was confirmed for x = 0.8 and 0.9. The lattice parameters for the orthorhombic increased with increasing the x value for the complexes. The single phase of trimetallic perovskite-type Bi1−xLaxFeO3 was obtained by its thermal decomposition at low temperature. The crystal system was hexagonal for BiFeO3 (x = 0) and orthorhombic for x = 0.1–1.0. In the case of the decomposed perovskite sample, the lattice parameters decreased with increasing x values for Bi1−xLaxFeO3. The particle size was ca. 30 nm for Bi0.2La0.8FeO3 obtained by thermal decomposition at 500 °C and it grew with an increase in decomposition temperature. For the Bi0.5La0.5FeO3, AES showed that the elemental distributions of Bi, La, and Fe on the surface were very homogeneous for the sample decomposed at 700 °C.
This paper presents a Fluency Image Coding System of beef rib-eye images for Beef Marbling Evaluation. This is the second in a series of cooperative researches with the Japan Livestock Technology ...Association under an initiative to construct an Automated Online Beef Marbling Grading Support System by image analysis techniques. Our first cooperative research was on a Beef Marbling Grading Method, and was published in this journal in Pattern Recognition Lett. 21 (12) (2000) 1037–1050. This second cooperative research focuses on a binary image coding system that supports remote observation of beef marbling structure from a database of coded beef rib-eye images by users including meat graders, livestock producers, and researchers. Image encoding is by a novel automatic contour compression method based on function approximation via interpolation using the Fluency Compactly Supported Sampling Functions of degree 2. Image decoding, based on interpolation of the encoded data by the similar functions, enables the web-browser based decoder to reconstruct the original fat contours smoothly even on Affine-transformed enlargement. Experimental results showing, respectively, size and image quality comparisons with other formats that support binary images and several enlargement schemes are included for evaluation.
Heteronuclear Bi sub(1-)xa sub(x)Fe(CN) sub(6).nH sub(2)O complexes were synthesized, and their crystal structures and thermal decomposition process were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ...thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal system of the complexes was orthorhombic having n = 4 for x = 0-0.7 and was hexagonal having n = 5 for x = 1.0. Their mixture was confirmed for x = 0.8 and 0.9. The lattice parameters for the orthorhombic increased with increasing the x value for the complexes. The single phase of trimetallic perovskite-type Bi sub(1-)xa sub(x)FeO sub(3) was obtained by its thermal decomposition at low temperature. The crystal system was hexagonal for BiFeO sub(3) (x = 0) and orthorhombic for x = 0.1-1.0. In the case of the decomposed perovskite sample, the lattice parameters decreased with increasing x values for Bi sub(1-)xa sub(x)FeO sub(3). The particle size was ca. 30 nm for Bi sub(0.2)La sub(0.8)FeO sub(3) obtained by thermal decomposition at 500 C and it grew with an increase in decomposition temperature. For the Bi sub(0.5)La sub(0.5)FeO sub(3), AES showed that the elemental distributions of Bi, La, and Fe on the surface were very homogeneous for the sample decomposed at 700 C.
Heteronuclear Bi1-xLaxFe(CN)6*nH2O complexes were synthesized, and their crystal structures and thermal decomposition process were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis ...(TGA), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal system of the complexes was orthorhombic having n = 4 for x = 0-0.7 and was hexagonal having n = 5 for x = 1.0. Their mixture was confirmed for x = 0.8 and 0.9. The lattice parameters for the orthorhombic increased with increasing the x value for the complexes. The single phase of trimetallic perovskite-type Bi1-xLaxFeO3 was obtained by its thermal decomposition at low temperature. The crystal system was hexagonal for BiFeO3 (x = 0) and orthorhombic for x = 0.1-1.0. In the case of the decomposed perovskite sample, the lattice parameters decreased with increasing x values for Bi1-xLaxFeO3. The particle size was ca. 30 mn for Bi0.2-La0.8FeO3 obtained by thermal decomposition at 500 DGC and it grew with an increase in decomposition temperature. For the Bi0.5La0.5FeO3, AES showed that the elemental distributions of Bi, La, and Fe on the surface were very homogeneous for the sample decomposed at 700 DGC.
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