Cherenkov light imaging in astroparticle physics Katz, U.F.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cherenkov light induced by fast charged particles in transparent dielectric media such as air or water is exploited by a variety of experimental techniques to detect and measure extraterrestrial ...particles impinging on Earth. A selection of detection principles is discussed and corresponding experiments are presented together with breakthrough-results they achieved. Some future developments are highlighted.
Towards the KM3NeT neutrino telescope Katz, U.F.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2011, Letnik:
639, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
KM3NeT will be a deep submarine research infrastructure in the Mediterranean Sea. It will host a multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope and provide continuous connectivity for long-term deep-sea ...scientific measurements in the geo- and biological sciences. The KM3NeT neutrino telescope will complement the cubic-kilometre IceCube telescope, implanted in the South Polar ice cap, in its field of view and surpass it substantially in sensitivity. This document describes the major technical aspects of the proposed infrastructure and discusses the expected physics sensitivity of the neutrino telescope. Finally the expected time line towards construction is presented.
The KM3NeT project Katz, U.F.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2011, Letnik:
626
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The KM3NeT research infrastructure in the deep Mediterranean Sea will host a multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope and provide connectivity for continuous, long-term measurements of earth and sea ...sciences, such as geology, marine biology and oceanography. The KM3NeT neutrino telescope will complement the IceCube telescope currently being installed at the South Pole in its field of view and surpass its sensitivity by a substantial factor. In this document the major aspects of the KM3NeT technical design are described and the expected physics sensitivity is discussed. Finally, the expected time line towards construction is presented.
Neutrinos are unique cosmic messengers. Present attempts are directed to extend the window of cosmic neutrino observation from low energies (Sun, supernovae) to much higher energies. The aim is to ...study the most violent processes in the Universe which accelerate charged particles to highest energies, far beyond the reach of laboratory experiments on Earth. These processes must be accompanied by the emission of neutrinos. Neutrinos are electrically neutral and interact only weakly with ordinary matter; they thus propagate through the Universe without absorption or deflection, pointing back to their origin. Their feeble interaction, however, makes them extremely difficult to detect. The years 2008–2010 have witnessed remarkable steps in developing high energy neutrino telescopes. In 2010, the cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope IceCube at the South Pole has been completed. In the Mediterranean Sea the first-generation neutrino telescope ANTARES takes data since 2008, and efforts are directed towards KM3NeT, a telescope on the scale of several cubic kilometres. The next years will be key years for opening the neutrino window to the high energy Universe. With an instrumented volume of a cubic kilometre, IceCube is entering a region with realistic discovery potential. Discoveries or non-discoveries of IceCube will have a strong impact on the future of the field and possibly mark a “moment of truth”. In this review, we discuss the scientific case for neutrino telescopes, describe the detection principle and its implementation in first- and second-generation installations and finally collect the existing physics results and the expectations for future detectors. We conclude with an outlook to alternative detection methods, in particular for neutrinos of extremely high energies.
Status of the KM3NeT project Katz, U.F.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2009, Letnik:
602, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
KM3NeT is a future research infrastructure in the Mediterranean Sea, hosting a cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope and nodes for associated sciences such as marine biology, oceanology and ...geophysics. The status of the KM3NeT project and the progress made in the EU-funded Design Study is reviewed. Some physics studies indicating the sensitivity of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope are highlighted and selected major technical design options to be further pursued are described. Finally, the remaining steps towards construction of KM3NeT will be discussed. This document reflects the status of the KM3NeT
Conceptual Design Report (CDR), which has been presented to the public for the first time at the VLVnT08 Workshop.
The observation of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the most promising future options to increase our knowledge on non-thermal processes in the universe. Neutrinos are ...e.g. unavoidably produced in environments where high-energy hadrons collide; in particular this almost certainly must be true in the astrophysical accelerators of cosmic rays, which thus could be identified unambiguously by sky observations in “neutrino light”. On the one hand, neutrinos are ideal messengers for astrophysical observations since they are not deflected by electromagnetic fields and interact so weakly that they are able to escape even from very dense production regions and traverse large distances in the universe without attenuation. On the other hand, their weak interaction poses a significant problem for detecting neutrinos. Huge target masses up to gigatons must be employed, requiring to instrument natural abundances of media such as sea water or Antarctic ice. The first generation of such neutrino telescopes is taking data or will do so in the near future, while the second-generation projects with cubic-kilometre sizes are under construction or being prepared. This report focuses on status and prospects of current (ANTARES, NEMO, NESTOR) and future (KM3NeT) neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea.
Status of the ANTARES project Katz, U.F.
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
07/2004, Letnik:
33, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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AbstractThe ANTARES collaboration is constructing a neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of 2400 metres, about 40 kilometres off the French coast near Toulon. The detector will ...consist of 12 vertical strings anchored at the sea bottom, each supporting 25 triplets of optical modules equipped with photomultipliers, yielding sensitivity to neutrinos with energies above some 10 GeV. The effective detector area is roughly 0.1 km2 for neutrino energies exceeding 10 TeV. The measurement of the Čerenkov light emitted by muons produced in muon-neutrino charged-current interactions in water and under-sea rock will permit the reconstruction of the neutrino direction with an accuracy of better than 0.3∘ at high energies. ANTARES will complement the field of view of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole in the low-background searches for point-sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and will also be sensitive to neutrinos produced by WIMP annihilation in the Sun or the Galactic centre.PACS: 95.55.Vj Neutrino, muon, pion, and other elementary particle detectors; cosmic ray detectors – 95.35.+d Dark matter (stellar, interstellar, galactic, and cosmological) – 95.30.-k Fundamental aspects of astrophysics
The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation ...research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with Formula omitted optical modules comprising a total of Formula omitted photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to Formula omitted neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a Formula omitted discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud ( Formula omitted). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5-8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3-5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented.
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