The detector system of SENJU-a single-crystal time-of-flight neutron diffractometer-is described. SENJU is the first diffractometer employing a large-area two-dimensional wavelength-shifting ...fiber-based scintillator detector at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. Thirty-seven detectors were installed in the instrument to cover a scattering angle of 30%. The detector modules exhibited a detector efficiency of 37-47 plus or minus 1% (mean plus or minus standard deviation) for thermal neutrons, a 60Co gamma-ray sensitivity of 1.4-5.1 plus or minus 0.110-6, a background count rate of 2.1-3.8 plus or minus 1.010-4 cps/cm2 and a tolerance to stray magnetic fields up to 120 G. The detector exhibited stable performance under the operating conditions used, such as stable count rates over 400 days and a count temperature coefficient of -0.01 plus or minus 0.02%/ degree C at around 20 degree C. The detector system and its performance metrics are presented together with the specific detector design.
Abstract Mitochondria play an essential role in eukaryotes, and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in several diseases. Therefore, intercellular mitochondrial transfer has been proposed as a ...mechanism for cell-based therapy. In addition, internalization of isolated mitochondria cells by simple coincubation was reported to improve mitochondrial function in the recipient cells. However, substantial evidence for internalization of isolated mitochondria is still lacking, and its precise mechanism remains elusive. We tested whether enriched mitochondria can be internalized into cultured human cells by simple coincubation using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitochondria were isolated from endometrial gland−derived mesenchymal cells (EMCs) or EMCs stably expressing mitochondrial-targeted red fluorescent protein (EMCs-DsRed-mito), and enriched by anti-mitochondrial antibody-conjugated microbeads. They were coincubated with isogeneic EMCs stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Live fluorescence imaging clearly showed that DsRed-labeled mitochondria accumulated in the cytoplasm of EMCs stably expressing GFP around the nucleus. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of a distinct population of GFP and DsRed double-positive cells within the recipient cells. In addition, transfer efficiency depended on mitochondrial concentration, indicating that human cells may possess the inherent ability to internalize mitochondria. Therefore, this study supports the application of direct transfer of isogeneic mitochondria as a novel approach for the treatment of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
A
bstract
A
θ
13
oscillation analysis based on the observed antineutrino rates at the Double Chooz far and near detectors for different reactor power conditions is presented. This approach provides a ...so far unique simultaneous determination of
θ
13
and the total background rates without relying on any assumptions on the specific background contributions. The analysis comprises 865 days of data collected in both detectors with at least one reactor in operation. The oscillation results are enhanced by the use of 24.06 days (12.74 days) of reactor-off data in the far (near) detector. The analysis considers the
ν
¯
e
interactions up to a visible energy of 8.5 MeV, using the events at higher energies to build a cosmogenic background model considering fast-neutrons interactions and
9
Li decays. The background-model-independent determination of the mixing angle yields sin
2
(2
θ
13
) = 0
.
094 ± 0
.
017, being the best-fit total background rates fully consistent with the cosmogenic background model. A second oscillation analysis is also performed constraining the total background rates to the cosmogenic background estimates. While the central value is not significantly modified due to the consistency between the reactor-off data and the background estimates, the addition of the background model reduces the uncertainty on
θ
13
to 0.015. Along with the oscillation results, the normalization of the anti-neutrino rate is measured with a precision of 0.86%, reducing the 1.43% uncertainty associated to the expectation.
JSNS
2
(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of
ν
¯
μ
→
ν
¯
e
appearance oscillations ...using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the
ν
¯
e
signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS
2
experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
Abstract
JSNS
$$^2$$
2
(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of
$${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu } ...\rightarrow {\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$
ν
¯
μ
→
ν
¯
e
appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the
$${\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$
ν
¯
e
signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS
$$^2$$
2
experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
We have developed a prepulse-free short-pulse Nd:glass laser system of 0.9-PW peak power to heat a pre-imploded high-density plasma. An optical parametric chirped amplification system is introduced ...to reduce the prepulses to an amplitude (1.5/spl times/10/sup -8/) of that of the main pulse. The compressor is a double-path grating pair system 94 cm in diameter compressing the 50-cm-diameter laser beam to 470 fs. An off-axis parabolic mirror has focused the 420-J energy to an intensity of 2.5/spl times/10/sup 19/ W/spl middot/cm/sup -2/. Part of the front end of the chirped pulse is seeded into the preamplifier of the GEKKO XII laser, used to implode a pellet target, to enable the petawatt laser to irradiate the pre-imploded pellet during stagnation of a few tens of picoseconds.
An increase in stratospheric aerosols caused by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Nabro (13.37 degree N, 41.70 degree E) on 12 June 2011 was detected by lidar at Tsukuba (36.05 degree N, 140.13 degree E) ...and Saga (33.24 degree N, 130.29 degree E) in Japan. The maximum backscattering ratios at a wavelength of 532 nm were 2.0 at 17.0 km on 10 July 2011 at Tsukuba and 3.6 at 18.2 km on 23 June 2011 at Saga. The maximum integrated backscattering coefficients (IBCs) at 532 nm above the first tropopause height were 4.18x10 super(-4) sr super(-1) on 11 February 2012 at Tsukuba and 4.19x10 super(-4) sr super(-1) on 23 June 2011 at Saga, respectively. A time series of lidar observational results at Tsukuba have also been reported from January 2008 through May 2012. Increases in stratospheric aerosols were observed after the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Kasatochi (52.18 degree N, 175.51 degree E) in August 2008 and Mt. Sarychev Peak (48.09 degree N, 153.20 degree E) in June 2009. The yearly averaged IBCs at Tsukuba were 2.54x10 super(-4) sr super(-1), 2.48x10 super(-4) sr super(-1), 2.45x10 super(-4) sr super(-1), and 2.20x10 super(-4) sr super(-1) for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. These values were about twice the IBC background level (1.21x10 super(-4) sr super(-1)) from 1997 to 2001 at Tsukuba. We briefly discuss the influence of the increased aerosols on climate and the implications for analysis of satellite data.
Dislocation characteristics in an as-quenched 22SiMn2TiB martensitic steel during tensile deformation were monitored by in-situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction combined with the Convolutional ...Multiple Whole Profile fitting analysis. Two loading conditions, continuous and stepwise followed by unloading, were adopted in the experiments. The diffraction patterns both in the loading (axial) and the transversal directions were measured simultaneously. The dislocation densities obtained from the experiments behaved differently in two loading conditions and in two measured directions, respectively. The different behaviour was mainly due to the increase of intergranular strains with the increase of deformation, and the profiles measured in the axial direction in the loading condition of stepwise followed by unloading gave most reliable dislocation characteristics among the profiles measured in other conditions.
Our aim was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of the mandible in 21 patients after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning. The measurement points SNB, B point (X, Y), Pog (X, ...Y), and the angle of the ramus were measured on cephalometric photographs to assess skeletal stability preoperatively, immediately after operation, and one and two years postoperatively. In addition, we evaluated the clinical symptoms of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The analysis of the cephalometric photographs showed that SNB, B point X, and Pog X showed no significant differences among the postoperative time points. On the other hand, B point Y and Pog Y showed no significant differences throughout the study period. We compared the angle of the ramus before operation and two years postoperatively, and no significant difference was found. In addition, no cases showed any pathological symptoms of disorders of the TMJ two years postoperatively. The long-term stability after orthognathic surgery with physiological positioning was confirmed, and it seems to be a reliable orthognathic treatment in patients with mandibular prognathism.
The Belle II experiment is a new generation B factory experiment at the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider. The main purpose of the experiment is to search for new physics with a large sample of B ...meson decays. The proximity-focusing Aerogel Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector (ARICH) has been designed to identify kaons and pions in the forward end-cap of the Belle II spectrometer. Using aerogel as radiator with specialized photon sensors called HAPD, the K/π separation is expected to reach more than 4 σ in the momentum range from 0.5 GeV/c to 4.0 GeV/c. ARICH detector was constructed in summer 2017 and was installed in the Belle II spectrometer in the beam line of the SuperKEKB collider. The test of the ARICH detector is performed using both cosmic rays and the beam collisions during the accelerator commissioning. We observe Cherenkov rings in the ARICH detector associated with charged tracks detected by the tracking system. The reconstructed Cherenkov angle distribution has a clear and reasonable peak. The ARICH K∕π separation performance is evaluated using Bhabha events in beam runs; the separation power achieve the design value.
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