Under the knowledge‐based economy, higher education plays an important role in cultivating talents and enhancing national competitiveness. Compared with other countries, China is a latecomer in the ...expansion of higher education but has undergone considerable transformation from elite to massification in a short time since 1998. Most important, China's higher education expansion is not limited to the undergraduate level but includes junior college and postgraduate education. This dramatic development in higher education is also simultaneously affected by marketisation and decentralisation. Moreover, the unprecedented growth and achievements of the reform drew scholars' attention to this inspired case of the consequences of educational expansion. However, few studies analyse higher education expansion policies. This study analyses educational policies since 1998 to understand how the move to mass higher education was achieved through marketisation and decentralisation with the strong control of the central government. Drawing on policy analyses, this study suggests that the higher education expansion in China exhibits the characteristics of the East Asian model, which is shaped by the strong nation‐state structure with instrumentalism.
摘要
在知識經濟時代，高等教育在培養人才和增強國家競爭力方面發揮著重要作用。與其他國家相比，中國是高等教育擴張的後起之秀。自1998年以來，中國的高等教育在短時間內經歷了從精英化到大眾化的重大轉變。並且，中國的高等教育擴張不僅限於本科，還包括大專和研究生教育，其迅速發展的同時也受到市場化和分權化的影響。學者們廣泛關注此空前的發展和成就帶來的影響，但少有研究分析高等教育擴張的政策。本研究分析了1998年以來中國的高等教育政策，以了解在中央政府的有力控制下，高等教育如何通過市場化和分權化實現向大眾化的轉變。基於政策分析，本研究表明，中國的高等教育擴張具有東亞模式的特徵，該模式由強大的民族國家結構和工具主義所塑造。
•COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased international student mobility.•Mainland China and Hong Kong university students lack interests in overseas study.•East Asia countries and regions become ...popular studying abroad destinations.•Health and safety become students’ primary concerns for studying abroad.•Post-pandemic management becomes a key factor in attracting international students.
The study critically examines how students in Mainland China and Hong Kong conceive overseas studies plans against the COVID-19 crisis. Amongst the 2739 respondents, 84 % showed no interest to study abroad after the pandemic. For those respondents who will continue to pursue further degrees abroad, Asian regions and countries, specifically Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan, are listed in the top five, apart from the US and the UK. The pandemic has not only significantly decreased international student mobility but is also shifting the mobility flow of international students. This article also discusses the policy implications, particularly reflecting on how the current global health crisis would intensify social and economic inequalities across different higher education systems.
Neither world leaders nor leading medical professionals would have anticipated the adverse impacts of the global health crisis resulting from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic on multifaceted ...aspects of contemporary society. Set against the broader political economy context, this Special Issue focuses on examining the impacts of the present global health crisis on higher education development. Addressing the major objective of the Special Issue, this article chooses the theme of reimagining higher education in the post-COVID-19 era, critically examining Chinese students' desires and motivations for overseas learning. Based upon a few waves of surveys conducted since 2020, after the outbreak of the pandemic, this article assesses the impacts of the unprecedented global health crisis on Chinese students' future overseas study plans. Having experienced various forms of disruption during the COVID-19 period, this article also critically reimagines higher education development in the post-COVID-19 era.
This study integrates the important psychological well-being indicators (i.e., life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) into a model framework. We used a cross-lagged panel design ...(CLPD) to examine the bidirectional relationship between casual sex and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Chinese college students (N = 833) completed self-report measures (i.e., hookup behavior, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and self-esteem) at six-month intervals. The results show that the ratio of college students who reported engaging in at least one hookup experience in the past year or half a year was lower than that of Western college students. We find that college students with hookup behavior had poorer psychological well-being in later six months than those who did not engage in hookup behavior. However, previous psychological well-being did not predict subsequent hookup behavior. We discuss these findings in terms of China's unique sexual culture to provide useful information for preventing and interfering with risky sexual behaviors and their negative consequences among Chinese college students. Specifically, this study could provide students with a more in-depth understanding of associated risks, assisting those engaged in or intending to engage in hookups to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of such behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of implementing targeted educational programs in China that address the psychological consequences of casual sex.
Dengue fever is a mosquito‐borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It poses a public health threat globally and, while most people with dengue have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, ...approximately 5% of affected individuals develop severe disease and need hospital care. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying dengue infection and the interaction between the virus and its host remains limited. In the present study, we performed a quantitative proteomic and N‐glycoproteomic analysis of serum from 19 patients with dengue and 11 healthy people. The results revealed distinct proteomic and N‐glycoproteomic landscapes between the two groups. Notably, we report for the first time the changes in the serum N glycosylation pattern following dengue infection and provide abundant information on glycoproteins, glycosylation sites, and intact N‐glycopeptides using recently developed site‐specific glycoproteomic approaches. Furthermore, a series of key functional pathways in proteomic and N‐glycoproteomic were identified. Collectively, our findings significantly improve understanding of host and DENV interactions and the general pathogenesis and pathology of DENV, laying a foundation for functional studies of glycosylation and glycan structures in dengue infection.
Low damage atomic layer etching (ALE) gate recess is developed for fabrication of millimeter-wave AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Plasma ion induced bombardments to the AlGaN ...barrier is effectively suppressed by the ALE recess, contributing to a well-controlled recessed surface morphology. The suppressed lattice damage to AlGaN/GaN heterostructure is also reflected by a significantly reduced gate leakage as well as an invisible threshold voltage shift associated with damage induced traps. With a 0.15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> T-gate fabrication technology, a high power-gain cutoff frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{f}_{\text {MAX}} </tex-math></inline-formula> of 205 GHz has been achieved. The ALE-recessed AlGaN/GaN HEMTs exhibits a record high power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 43.6% at 40 GHz in a continuous-wave mode. The associated gain and output power density are also remarkably improved compared with controlled HEMTs with conventional gate recess process.
Colon cancer is the most aggressive tumor in both men and women globally. As many the chemotherapeutic regimens have adverse side effects and contribute to the resistance and recurrence, therefore, ...finding novel therapeutic targets and developing effective agents are urgent. Based on the TCGA and GTEx database analysis, RSK1 and MSK2 were found abnormal expressed in colon cancer. RSK1 and MSK2 were overexpressed in colon cancer tissues confirmed by western blot and IHC. After knocking down RSK1 or MSK2, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth were markedly inhibited. Using a computer docking model, we identified a novel dual-target inhibitor, APIO-EE-07, that could block both RSK1 and MSK2 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. APIO-EE-07 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and also increased expression of Bax as well as cleaved caspase-3 and -PARP in colon cancer cells by downregulating RSK1 and MSK2 downstream targets, including CREB and ATF1. Furthermore, APIO-EE-07 decreased tumor volume and weight in human patient-derived xenografts tumors implanted in SCID mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that RSK1 and MSK2 are the potential targets for the treatment of colon cancer. APIO-EE-07, a novel dual-target inhibitor of RSK1 and MSK2, can suppress the growth of colon cancer by attenuating RSK1 and MSK2 signaling.
Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technique is utilized for SiN x passivation of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). A robust SiN x / AlGaN interface featuring high ...thermal stability and well-ordered crystalline structure is achieved by a processing strategy of "passivation-prior-to-ohmic" in HEMTs fabrication. Effective suppression of surface-trap-induced current collapse and lateral interface leakage current are demonstrated in the LPCVD-SiN x passivated HEMTs, as compared with conventional plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition-SiN x passivated ones. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analysis of SiN x /AlGaN interfaces suggests the interface traps are likely to stem from amorphous oxide/oxynitride interfacial layer.
Structured PdZnAl/Cu fiber catalyst prepared by a PVA(Polyvinyl Alcohol)-assisted coating method, was integrated in the micro-reactor for methanol steam reforming (MSR), which could be used to ...efficiently produce hydrogen in situ for a coupled fuel cell. XRD, SEM-EDX and HRTEM etc. were employed to characterize both the fresh and spent powder and structured catalysts. A variety of reaction conditions were tested to achieve the optimized reaction condition, where the H2 productivity and the product distribution especially CO selectivity were carefully examined. Compared to the structured CuZnAlZr/Cu fiber catalyst, the PdZnAl/Cu counterpart exhibits superior stability in MSR process, and its spent catalyst could be readily regenerated just by oxidation in air at 420 °C for 4 h.
•An innovative structured PdZnAl/Cu fiber catalyst was developed.•A variety of reaction conditions were tested to achieve the optimized condition.•The PdZnAl/Cu fiber catalyst showed good stability for MSR after 72 h test.•The deactivation of the PdZnAl/Cu fiber catalyst was reversible.
Colon cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide and accounts for a significant number of cancer‑related deaths. Although surgical techniques and treatment strategies for colon cancer have advanced ...over the past two decades, the prognosis has not improved considerably. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene compound, possesses antioxidant, cardioprotective and anticancer properties. However, the role of resveratrol in colon cancer has not been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited cell proliferation and colony growth in DLD1 and HCT15 colon cancer cells, but did not affect normal colon epithelial cells. The resveratrol‑mediated inhibition of cell proliferation correlated with an induction of apoptosis and with G1 phase cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. Additionally, resveratrol treatment decreased the protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E2 and BCL2 apoptosis regulator, while it increased BCL2 associated X and tumor protein p53, all of which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Notably, the results obtained from in silico computational screening identified AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) and AKT2 as novel targets of resveratrol. Computational docking suggested that there are three or four possible hydrogen bonds in the active pocket of AKT1 and AKT2 that contribute to the mode of action of resveratrol. The present study confirmed that resveratrol bound to AKT1 and AKT2 with a pull‑down assay. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT1 and AKT2 inhibited cell proliferation and colony growth, by attenuating cell cycle progression and increasing apoptosis in colon cancer cells, effects that were similar to those caused by resveratrol treatment. Taken together, the present results suggest that the targeting effects of resveratrol to AKT1 and AKT2 may be a potent strategy for chemoprevention or therapy for colon cancer.
PDF
