Laboratory research works on the separation of scale into components by extracting dehydrated scale are presented. Kerosene was used as a solvent. Dehydration was carried out by distillation with an ...inert gas. As a result, samples of dry scale, oil, and distilled water were obtained and analyzed.
Abstract
In recent years, the economic development trend in Russia and other countries has been based on the cluster approach. Increasing competitiveness through the use of the cluster mechanism is ...an effective means of developing industrial production, where the main goal of any enterprise is to obtain maximum profit. For a good and successful confrontation in the conditions of market competition, Russia needs to create large industrial corporations - centers, conduct integration processes and form large regional clusters. The formation of large regional engineering clusters within the subjects of the Russian Federation will ensure the inflow of investment from outside, and will create conditions for competitive advantage for large, small and medium-sized businesses in general. Therefore, we can conclude that the development of the tasks presented in the research, which identified the main ways of cluster development based on the creation of a regional industrial engineering cluster, is relevant, and has novelty and practical significance.
The constitutive equations of strain gradient plasticity were applied to numerically analyze the combined effect of material plastic properties, the type of stresses, and the Taylor parameter of ...material structure on the stress fields and dislocation densities at the crack tip. It was found that taking into account the influence of the intrinsic length scale parameter leads to different levels of increase in stresses at the crack tip under plane stress and plane strain in comparison with the solution of classical plasticity. Based on the finite element solutions of strain gradient plasticity theory, the dislocation density fields were found as a function of the distance to the crack tip. The coordinate of the equality of the dislocation density components is assigned to the outer boundary of the dominance region of strain gradient plasticity. The plane stress condition was shown to cause higher values of equivalent stresses and dislocation densities as compared to plane strain under equal loading conditions. As a result of the complex parametric study, the combined effect of plastic properties and Taylor parameter of material structure was assessed in conditions of strain gradient plasticity.
The unique physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes), allow their applications in many fields, including biomedicine. The optical ...properties of SWCNTs are attractive for application in the field of nanobiotechnology compared to MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes). An important objective of SWCNT application for biomedical purposes is obtaining homogenous dispersions characterized by bioavailability and biocompatibility. The possibility of obtaining homogenous dispersions of different types of SWCNTs in biocompatible media for further use in different biomedical experiments and applications has been investigated. The sizes of SWCNT agglomerates in prepared dispersions were measured by the method of dynamic light scattering; bioavailability was studied by dark field microscopy in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelium cells. The dispersions were analyzed for the presence of bacterial contamination. Biocompatible and bioavailable dispersions have been obtained on the basis of cell culture media and 1% bovine serum albumin, which can be used in experiments on assessing the safety of SWCNTs at biological objects but have a number of limitations in the field of biomedicine. Dispergents based on lung surfactant components, which could be used in biomedical applications (DPPC and Survanta®), did not show efficency.
The influence of ethylene glycol (EG) on the kinetics of hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ether catalyzed by trypsin encapsulated in sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)-based ...reverse micelles was studied at different temperatures. Ethylene glycol was shown to shift the range of the trypsin activity in the reverse micelles towards higher temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy showed a stabilizing effect of EG on the secondary structure of the protein in the system of reverse micelles. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy showed that the solubilized protein affected the interactions of EG with the polar head groups of AOT and altered the rigidity of the micellar matrix. The results indicate that EG increases the thermostability of the solubilized enzyme in microemulsion media by two mechanisms.
The experimental results of studying the output characteristics of four-contact semiconductor position-sensitive photodetectors fabricated on the basis of photosensitive
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-CdSe/mica epitaxial layers ...are presented. The position sensitivity of layers was theoretically analyzed based on elementary current flow theory and the electric dipole model. It is found that the theoretical characteristics of the coordinate sensitivity of the studied position-sensitive photodetectors correlate with the experimental dependences in terms of both curve shape and positions of the maxima. The results of determining the specific spectral sensitivity indicate the prospects for
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-CdSe layers as position-sensitive photodetectors.
Abstract
Wildly using of screw vacuum pumps and vacuum-compressors (which discharge pressure is higher than atmosphere pressure) can be explained by their easy service, reliability, excellent ...energetic and capacity characteristic and excellent vacuum, they produce. Their future optimization can be reached by using of the working process mathematic modelling, which can takes the place of expensive experimental research (can reduce the count of it). In an engineer point of view, chamber models of the positive displacement machine are still popular and wildly used due to simple of the initial data entering, small calculation time and simple of the results’ explanation. Therefore, their development and updating are still actual goal. The chamber model accuracy are determined generally by the accuracy of leakage flow calculation through the gaps and ports and by the accuracy of heat exchange calculation inside the working chamber. This is especially important for the vacuum machines, which minimal vacuum pressure are determined by the internal leakages. The vacuum inside the working chamber can lead to not only viscosity flow, but also to molecular and mixed flows. Therefore, using only viscosity flow calculation methodises leads to the significant errors. The vacuum also leads to change the heat exchange conditions inside the working chamber. Therefore, those facts should be taken into account. This paper is dedicated to the presenting the way of the solving the problems described above.
Petrophysical, geochemical and lithological features of the Domanik formation rock structure are considered. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the pore space in the pelitic ...carbon-enriched deposits within the depressions. The latter are characterized by low reservoir properties, heightened content of organic matter and siliceous-carbonate composition. Sedimentation and post-sedimentation factors affecting formation of pores filled with micro-oil are identified. High generation potential of rocks capable of generating and giving off liquid hydrocarbons at early stages of catagenesis is singled out. The pore space in carbonate complexes of shallow-marine origin overlapping carbon-enriched deposits is described. In spite of oil and bitumen saturation of these rocks, the predominant migratory character of hydrocarbons was noted.
Photosensitive epitaxial
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-CdSe layers with high structural perfection have been grown on mica (muscovite) crystals in a quasi-closed system. We have studied polar diagrams of sensitivity for the ...epitaxial n-CdSe layers on mica as four-contact position-sensitive semiconductor photodetectors. Position sensitivity characteristics of the epitaxial
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-CdSe layers on mica have been determined.
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