Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, ...including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects. These biological activities depend upon the type of flavonoid, its (possible) mode of action, and its bioavailability. These cost-effective medicinal components have significant biological activities, and their effectiveness has been proved for a variety of diseases. The most recent work is focused on their isolation, synthesis of their analogs, and their effects on human health using a variety of techniques and animal models. Thousands of flavonoids have been successfully isolated, and this number increases steadily. We have therefore made an effort to summarize the isolated flavonoids with useful activities in order to gain a better understanding of their effects on human health.
A college degree is required to enter medical school in the United States. A remarkably high percentage of students entering college have pre-medical aspirations but relatively few end up as medical ...students. As an "applied science", education about medicine is usually thought to be beyond the purview of a liberal arts curriculum. Students therefore receive little education about a medical career, or information about the many alternative careers in health science. Instead, they take courses for Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) preparation and medical school application prerequisites in biology, chemistry, physics, and math. These classes give them little insight into a real medical career. The current report considers this mismatch between student needs in health science and available resources in colleges across the United States.
A Collective Case Series framework was used to obtain qualitative data. Key informant interviews were requested from a convenience sample of representatives from 20 colleges, with six colleges providing extensive data. Three institutions collected data specifically on students who matriculated college interested in a career as a physician.
At these schools, one-half to one-quarter of students who said they were interested in medicine at the beginning of college ended up not applying to medical school. At each of the six schools, we saw a wide range of generally sparse academic and professional advising involvement and a very limited number of classes that discussed concepts directly related to careers in health science.
Looking at this data, we provide a novel conceptual model as a potential testable solution to the problem of an underexposed and unprepared student population interested in medicine. This includes a brief series of courses intended to inform students about what a career in medicine would fully entail to help foster core competencies of empathy, compassion and resilience.
To describe ocular sarcoid-like reaction as a unique manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in the context of concurrent pulmonary sarcoid-like reaction and lung adenocarcinoma.
Single case report ...and narrative review.
A 59-year-old male patient presented with a year-long history of diminished vision and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed panuveitis and multiple chorioretinal lesions. A CT scan of the chest revealed mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy as well as a spiculated right lower lung nodule concerning for malignancy. Subsequent bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed lung adenocarcinoma and non-caseating granulomas in sentinel lymph nodes.
Although pulmonary granulomatous reaction can be seen in the setting of lung malignancy, and ocular sarcoid-like reaction may present as a paraneoplastic manifestation of systemic malignancy, the presence of concomitant pulmonary and ocular sarcoid-like reactions distinguishes this case. The findings underscore the importance of a systemic workup for patients with concerning constitutional symptoms, as paraneoplastic syndromes and metastatic diseases may mimic uveitis. Recognition of paraneoplastic sarcoidosis as a potential clinical manifestation is essential, especially in patients with chronic illness indicators, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation for malignancy.
Precise and timely diagnosis of Covid-19 and pneumonia is crucial for effective treatment. However, the traditional RT-PCR method is time-consuming, costly, and prone to incorrect results. To address ...these limitations, a deep ensemble strategy is proposed as a promising alternative to provide more accurate and reliable outcomes. The strategy comprises three main stages: i) pre-processing, ii) salient feature extraction, and iii) training and classification. In the pre-processing step, the authors resize the images to the desired input shape. Data augmentation techniques, such as zooming, nearest full mode, rotation, and flipping, are employed to augment the dataset, thereby improving the training accuracy of the proposed approach. Additionally, the proposed method leverages the capabilities of VGG-16, DenseNet-201, and Efficient-B0 models using transfer-learning techniques to extract deep features from the images. These salient features are then passed through proposed fully connected layers and ensemble classifiers to predict the probability of the given classes. Extensive experiments were conducted on a chest X-ray image dataset, demonstrating that the proposed system outperforms contemporary techniques in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy (acc). The proposed method obtained 97% of acc, while 96%, 95%, and 97% pre, rec, and F1-score respectively. In conclusion, this study presents a valuable contribution to medical image diagnosis using an AI-based deep ensemble strategy. The proposed approach offers a promising solution for accurate and efficient diagnosis of Covid-19 and pneumonia, assisting healthcare professionals in making informed decisions for optimal treatment outcomes.
Background and motivation: Over the last two decades, particularly in the Middle East, Red Palm Weevils (RPW, Rhynchophorus ferruginous) have proved to be the most destructive pest of palm trees ...across the globe. Problem: The RPW has caused considerable damage to various palm species. The early identification of the RPW is a challenging task for good date production since the identification will prevent palm trees from being affected by the RPW. This is one of the reasons why the use of advanced technology will help in the prevention of the spread of the RPW on palm trees. Many researchers have worked on finding an accurate technique for the identification, localization and classification of the RPW pest. This study aimed to develop a model that can use a deep-learning approach to identify and discriminate between the RPW and other insects living in palm tree habitats using a deep-learning technique. Researchers had not applied deep learning to the classification of red palm weevils previously. Methods: In this study, a region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) algorithm was used to detect the location of the RPW in an image by building bounding boxes around the image. A CNN algorithm was applied in order to extract the features to enclose with the bounding boxes—the selection target. In addition, these features were passed through the classification and regression layers to determine the presence of the RPW with a high degree of accuracy and to locate its coordinates. Results: As a result of the developed model, the RPW can be quickly detected with a high accuracy of 100% in infested palm trees at an early stage. In the Al-Qassim region, which has thousands of farms, the model sets the path for deploying an efficient, low-cost RPW detection and classification technology for palm trees.
To address the anticipated rise in mental health symptoms experienced at the population level during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ontario government provided 2 therapist-assisted internet-delivered ...cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) programs to adults free of charge at the point of service.
The study aims to explore the facilitators of and barriers to implementing iCBT at the population level in Ontario, Canada, from the perspective of patients and therapists to better understand how therapist-assisted iCBT programs can be effectively implemented at the population level and inform strategies for enhancing service delivery and integration into the health care system.
Using a convenience sampling methodology, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 therapists who delivered iCBT and 20 patients who received iCBT through either of the publicly funded programs to explore their perspectives of the program. Interview data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to generate themes.
Six salient themes were identified. Facilitators included the therapist-assisted nature of the program; the ease of registration and the lack of cost; and the feasibility of completing the psychoeducational modules given the online and self-paced nature of the program. Barriers included challenges with the online remote modality for developing the therapeutic alliance; the program's generalized nature, which limited customization to individual needs; and a lack of formal integration between the iCBT program and the health care system.
Although the program was generally well-received by patients and therapists due to its accessibility and feasibility, the digital format of the program presented both benefits and unique challenges. Strategies for improving the quality of service delivery include opportunities for synchronous communication between therapists and patients, options for increased customization, and the formal integration of iCBT into a broader stepped-care model that centralizes patient referrals between care providers and promotes continuity of care.
Collaborations among researchers, clinicians, and individuals with mental illness from high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are crucial to produce research, ...interventions, and policies that are relevant, feasible, and ethical. However, global mental health and cultural psychiatry research publications have been dominated by HIC investigators.
The aim of this review was to present recommendations for collaborative writing with a focus on early career investigators in HICs and LMICs.
A workshop was conducted with HIC and LMIC investigators in Nepal to discuss lessons learned for collaborative writing. The researchers had experience in cross-cultural psychiatric epidemiology, health services research, randomized controlled trials, and projects with war and disaster-affected populations in complex humanitarian emergencies including child soldiers and refugees. Additional lessons learned were contributed from researchers engaged in similar collaborations in Haiti.
A step-by-step process for collaborative writing was developed.
HIC and LMIC writing collaborations will encourage accurate, ethical, and contextually grounded publications to foster understanding and facilitate reduction of the global burden of mental illness.
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