Currently, the global issue for countries is the search for raw materials and the production of bioenergy within their country; bioenergy also includes biodiesel fuels. One of the most promising ...biodiesel fuels is the green diesel fuel produced by the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Three methods have been proposed to obtain high-quality biodiesel and environmentally friendly diesel fuel: compounding green diesel with hydro-treated diesel fuel, compositions of the improved fuel «green diesel» with bio-additives, and two-component mixtures of environmentally friendly diesel fuel with bio-additives. Using these methods, it is possible to produce fuel for diesel engines with improved lubricating properties, the wear scar diameter is reduced to 232 microns, according to EN 590: 2009, this value standard is up to 460 microns. The optimal quantitative composition of three-component environmentally friendly diesel fuel with improved lubricity was established. The dependence of the change in the lubricating properties of environmentally friendly diesel fuel on the quantitative and qualitative composition are established. A mathematical equation describing the dependence of the change in the corrected wear spot on the amount of anti-wear additive in the green diesel fuel is derived. Three-component compositions of environmentally friendly diesel fuel make it possible to obtain fuel that meets the requirements of the EN 590: 2009 standard and to expand the resources for obtaining fuel, as well as to improve the environmental and operational characteristics of the fuel.
The genus
Allocreadium
is a group of digenetic trematodes whose adult representatives mainly parasitize the intestines of freshwater fishes. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the phylogeny ...of four Palearctic species of this genus,
Allocreadium dogieli
,
Allocreadium isoporum
,
Allocreadium papilligerum
, and
Allocreadium
sp. ex
Oreoleuciscus potanini
from Mongolia. The DNA sequences of the 28S rRNA gene and the rDNA ITS2 region were obtained and then analyzed for phylogenetic inference. The analysis is complemented with the morphological descriptions for all four species. Phylogenetic analyses show that the newly obtained isolate of
A. isoporum
appeared to be genetically similar to previously obtained isolates of
A. isoporum
.
Allocreadium dogieli
probably belongs to the same evolutionary lineage of
Allocreadium
as
A. crassum
, while
A. papilligerum
to the same evolutionary lineage as
Alocreadium transversale
ex
Cobitis taenia
from Lithuania, but the detailed species composition of these lineages requires further elucidation.
Allocreadium
sp. was genetically close to
Allocreadium
sp. ex
P. phoxinus
from Primorski Krai, Russia, and a group of these
Allocreadium
had a sister relationship with
Allocreadium khankaiensis
. Our findings contradict some recent hypotheses about the phylogeography of
Allocreadium
spp.
Aurones and their synthetic analogues possess a wide-range of pharmacological activities, which have been deciphered by various studies in the last decades. Aurones with potential electron-donating ...and electron-withdrawing structural substitutions exhibit unique absorption and emission transitions in the visible region around 390−530 nm through “push-pull” mechanisms. Consequently, aurone scaffolds have demonstrated intensive fluorescence with higher quantum yields, larger Stoke shifts, and solvatochromic behavior, suggesting their potential use in various applications, including fluorescent probes, optoelectronic dyes, and sensing probes for disease detection and treatment. In light of these uses, this is the first report of a comprehensive study on aurones as fluorescent probe applications in the last decade (from 2011 to 2023). Therefore, this stimulating review embraces some important fluorescent aurone derivatives that can be used to “turn-on” chemosensory for CN−, F−, HS−, Hg2+, Cu2+, optoelectronic dyes, sensing applications for proteins and liposomes, and detection of β-amyloid aggregation in AD, etc. Furthermore, the present review can serve as a model template for future directions and development of potential emissive fluorophore applications of organic scaffolds.
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•Aurones have shown intensive fluorescence 390–530 nm over “push-pull” mechanisms.•Synthetic aurones offer enriched quantum yields and Stoke shifts for possible applications.•Review compiles aurone probes for biological, optoelectronic dyes, and chemosensory usages.•Natural fluorophores offer deliberate leads for biomedical diagnostics and materials research.
A series of new α-(N-biphenyl)-substituted 2,2′-bipyridines were obtained through the combination of the ipso-nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the C5-cyano group, aza-Diels–Alder and Suzuki ...cross-coupling reactions, starting from 5-cyano-1,2,4-triazines. For the obtained compounds, photophysical and fluorosolvatochromic properties were studied. Fluorophores 3l and 3b demonstrated unexpected AIEE activity, while 3a and 3h showed promising nitroexplosive detection abilities.
Methods for the remote detection of warfare agents and explosives have been in high demand in recent times. Among the several detection methods, fluorescence methods appear to be more convenient due ...to their low cost, simple operation, fast response time, and naked-eye-visible sensory response. For fluorescence methods, a large variety of fluorescent materials, such as small-molecule-based fluorophores, aggregation-induced emission fluorophores/materials, and supramolecular systems, have been reported in the literature. Among them, fluorescent (bio)polymers/(bio)polymer-based materials have gained wide attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and sensory performance, their ability to recognize explosives via different sensing mechanisms and their combinations, and, finally, the so-called amplification of the sensory response. This review provides the most up-to-date data on the utilization of polymers and polymer-based materials for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs)/nitro-explosives (NEs) in the last decade. The literature data have been arranged depending on the polymer type and/or sensory mechanism.
Mechanochemically induced methods are commonly used for the depolymerization of polymers, including plastic and agricultural wastes. So far, these methods have rarely been used for polymer synthesis. ...Compared to conventional polymerization in solutions, mechanochemical polymerization offers numerous advantages such as less or no solvent consumption, the accessibility of novel structures, the inclusion of co-polymers and post-modified polymers, and, most importantly, the avoidance of problems posed by low monomer/oligomer solubility and fast precipitation during polymerization. Consequently, the development of new functional polymers and materials, including those based on mechanochemically synthesized polymers, has drawn much interest, particularly from the perspective of green chemistry. In this review, we tried to highlight the most representative examples of transition-metal (TM)-free and TM-catalyzed mechanosynthesis of some functional polymers, such as semiconductive polymers, porous polymeric materials, sensory materials, materials for photovoltaics, etc.
The article discusses the methods of using composite magnetic alloys for elements of electrical engineering. The main methods of obtaining soft magnetic composite materials have been studied in order ...to obtain high-performance MMC particles, as it should be subjected to electrically insulated powder to obtain high-density parts. High densities generally improve magnetic properties, both to keep hysteresis losses low and to obtain high flux density. These give an effect when used for the cores of electric motors based on magnetically soft composite materials.
Potentiometry is used to study the formation of Cu(II)–1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylpyrazoline-5-thione (1-P-2,3-DMP-5-T) complex in a mixed solvent. The compositions of the complexes are determined, and ...their stepwise constants of stability are calculated. It is shown that when Cu(II) reacts with 1-P-2,3-DMP-5-T in a medium of mixed solvent HCl + acetone (10 : 1), quantities Δ
H
, Δ
G
, and Δ
S
have negative values at all stages.
2-(5-Arylpyridine-2-yl)-6-(het)arylquinoline-based “push-pull” fluorophores were synthesized by means of the heterocyclization reaction between the corresponding isonitrosoacetophenone hydrazones and ...6-bromoquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde followed by an aza-Diels-Alder/Suzuki cross-coupling reaction sequence. The optical properties of the obtained fluorophores were studied and the non-linear optic behavior for the two most representative ones were confirmed based on the solvatochromic experiments.
•2-(5-Arylpyridin-2-yl)-quinolines were synthesized as “push-pull” fluorophores.•“1,2,4-Triazine methodology” was used for synthesis of the fluorophores.•Photophysical properties were studied.•The UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated.
Polyureas (PUs) have already found wide practical applications, and various methods of their synthesis have been reported. In this manuscript, we wished to report the very first mechanochemical ...approach towards aromatic PUs via reactions between isomeric 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-diaminobiphenyls and triphosgene under solvent-free conditions following ball-milling. By using this synthetic approach, both PUs and azomethine-capped Pus were obtained. The fluorescence response of the above-mentioned PUs towards various anions in solutions were studied and selective fluorescence responses towards the hydroxyl and fluoride anions were observed.
