ABSTRACT Microhabitat factors associated with the habitat of barking deer (Muntiacus vaginalis) were examined and compared between summer and winter seasons. Habitat characteristics and preferred ...habitat were measured by locating direct and indirect signs. To quantify the habitat utilization of barking deer, each selected study site was sampled for floral diversity from 2015 to 2017. Quadrats were deployed along transect lines to determine seasonal distribution. Barking deer were not evenly distributed across vegetation types in the study area; they occurred more often in the broad-leaved forest than in Chir pine forest, at an elevational range of 550-850 m, in thick vegetation on steep slopes. The most preferred habitat included trees and shrubs with 30% and 69% cover, respectively. Barking deer avoided thicker tree cover, possibly as it hinders movement and escape from predators. No significant difference (χ2 = 6.37, df = 3, p = 0.19) in seasonal vegetation cover was recorded.
RESUMO Fatores de micro-hábitat associados ao hábitat do veado (Muntiacus vaginalis) foram examinados e comparados entre as estações de verão e inverno. As características do hábitat e o hábitat preferido foram medidos, localizando sinais diretos e indiretos. Para quantificar a utilização do hábitat de cervos-latidos, cada local de estudo selecionado foi amostrado para a diversidade floral de 2015 a 2017. Quadrats foram implantados ao longo de linhas de transecto para determinar a distribuição sazonal., Veados-latidos não foram distribuídos uniformemente pelos tipos de vegetação na área de estudo; ocorreram com mais frequência na floresta de folhas largas do que na floresta de pinheiros Chir, em uma faixa de elevação de 550-850 m, em vegetação densa, em encostas íngremes. O hábitat mais preferido incluía árvores e arbustos com 30% e 69% de cobertura, respectivamente. O veado-latido evitou uma cobertura de árvores mais espessa, possivelmente porque impede o movimento e a fuga de predadores. Nenhuma diferença significativa (χ2 = 6,37; df = 3; p = 0,19) na cobertura vegetal sazonal foi registrada.
•Sensitive determination of glyoxal and furfurals in 24 sugar containing preparations.•The dual detector online chromatographic analysis (HPLC-UV-ELSD) was exercised.•The decision tree and multilayer ...perceptron neural network models were developed.•Occurrence of 5-HMF shown correlation with physical state and age of the sample.•Sugar concentration plays a role in formation of furfural in marketed food samples.
Four food toxins, α-oxo-aldehydes (glyoxal and Methylglyoxal) and furfurals (furfural and 5-hydroxymethlfurfural) were simultaneously retained on a Phenomenex Luna phenyl hexyl column (150×4.6mm×5 µm,100 Å) using ammonium acetate / acetonitrile (28:72, v/v) as mobile phase at 1 mL/min. The detector setting was tuned at 280 nm to quantify furfurals, whereas α-oxo-aldehydes were quantified using Evaporating light scattering detector (ELSD). The extraction of selected analytes from aqueous and lipid-based media was optimized using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. A sum of 24 different brands (n = 20 in each group) of glucose containing preparations were collected, extracted, and screened for the presence of selected analytes. The observed level of selected analytes was divided into non-detectable, moderately high and above limit samples. The machine learning model viz. decision tree and multilayer perceptron models was optimized and validated for correlation of selected dependent variables with independent variables. The occurrence of 5-HMF depended on state and age of sample, whereas sugar concentration was responsible for furfural presence. The samples with higher 5-HMF levels were categorized as being viscous/semisolid and were preserved with potassium sorbate. About 77.3 % of the 480 samples studied indicated a considerable amount of methylglyoxal, and the food colors were classed as responsible for development of it followed by mixed fruit flavor and vanilla taste flavor as food additives.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections encountered in clinical practice. Objective: This is a retrospective study to evaluate the antimicrobial ...susceptibility pattern of aerobic microbial isolates from urine samples of patients with complaints suggestive of UTI. Materials and methods: A total of 3116 urine samples which were received in the Department of Microbiology during the study period from April 2018 to March 2019 were analyzed. Results: Out of 3116 urine samples from both outpatient (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD), 2614 samples showed either growth of contaminants or insignificant or no growth of microorganisms, whereas, 502 samples showed significant microbial growth on aerobic culture giving overall prevalence of UTI in the study population to be 16.1%. Of these 502 culture positives, majority was found to be from OPD (51.0%) patients, amongst females (62.9%), and Escherichia coli being the commonest isolate (49.8%). The antibiotic sensitivity of uroisolates of Escherichia coli were found to range from 46.0-70.0%. Conclusion: In view of the increasing drug resistance amongst pathogens causing UTI, antimicrobial susceptibility should be done before initiating definitive therapy. These data may be used to formulate local antibiotic policies in order to assist clinicians in the rationale use of antibiotics.
Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is an abnormality in pregnancy due to a diploid conception which is generally androgenetic in origin, i.e. all 46 chromosomes are paternally derived. We have examined ...the genetic origin of repetitive hydatidiform moles in a patient having three CHM by two different partners, and no normal pregnancies. Using fluorescent microsatellite genotyping, we have shown all three CHM to be biparental, rather than androgenetic, in origin. Examination of informative markers for each homologous pair of chromosomes, in two of the CHM, failed to reveal any evidence of unipaternal disomy, suggesting that the molar phenotype might result from disruption of normal imprinting patterns due to a defect in the maternal genome. It has been suggested that intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), followed by selection of male embryos, can prevent repetitive CHM; but examination of sex chromosome-specific sequences in the three CHM described here, showed that, while two were female, the first CHM was male. Selection of male embryos is therefore unlikely to prevent repetitive CHM in this patient. Our results suggest that the genetic origin of repetitive CHM should be determined prior to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and that current strategies for the prevention of repetitive CHM may not be appropriate where the CHM are of biparental origin.
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