Calf diarrhea is associated with enteric infections, and also provokes the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, proper treatment of diarrhea represents a therapeutic challenge in livestock production ...and public health concerns. Here, we describe the ability of a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), to ameliorate diarrhea and restore gut microbial composition in 57 growing calves. We conduct multi-omics analysis of 450 longitudinally collected fecal samples and find that FMT-induced alterations in the gut microbiota (an increase in the family Porphyromonadaceae) and metabolomic profile (a reduction in fecal amino acid concentration) strongly correlate with the remission of diarrhea. During the continuous follow-up study over 24 months, we find that FMT improves the growth performance of the cattle. This first FMT trial in ruminants suggest that FMT is capable of ameliorating diarrhea in pre-weaning calves with alterations in their gut microbiota, and that FMT may have a potential role in the improvement of growth performance.
•Roasted gold concentrate was investigated as a flux material for the smelting of waste PCBs.•Au and Ag were effectively recovered from waste PCBs - gold concentrate mixtures.•Effect of gold ...concentrate on the physicochemical properties of molten slags was investigated.•Residual sulfur in roasted gold concentrate significantly changed the phase of Cu alloys.
Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) are highly toxic materials because of the hazardous substances that are incorporated into them. An advanced recycling technology based on pyrometallurgical treatment using Au concentrate as a flux material was developed in this study. The benefits of employing roasted gold concentrate (RGC) in the smelting process of waste PCBs were demonstrated through high-temperature experiments. The major oxide compositions of PCBs (CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2) were fluxed using oxidized Au concentrate composed of FetO and SiO2. Quaternary slag systems (CaO-FetO-Al2O3-SiO2) were formed during the smelting process, which rendered the process of separation of oxide impurities from Cu-based alloys easier. Precious metals (Au and Ag) were effectively recovered from waste PCBs and Au concentrate in the form of a metal alloy that required further treatment by leaching and extraction. Residual S in the RGC significantly changed the alloy phases. A large quantity of S was formulated into a matte phase, while a small amount of S was dissolved into a Cu-Fe metal alloy. The subsequent hydrometallurgical process was optional. Electrorefining or pressure leaching could be applied depending on the type of Cu alloy.
A
bstract
The linear-
T
resistivity is one of the hallmarks of various strange metals regardless of their microscopic details. Towards understanding this universal property, the holographic method or ...gauge/gravity duality has made much progress. Most holographic models have focused on the low temperature limit, where the linear-
T
resistivity has been explained by the infrared geometry. We extend this analysis to high temperature and identify the conditions for a robust linear-
T
resistivity up to high temperature. This extension is important because, in experiment, the linear-
T
resistivity is observed in a large range of temperatures, up to room temperature. In the axion-dilaton theories we find that, to have a robust linear-
T
resistivity, the strong momentum relaxation is a necessary condition, which agrees with the previous results for the Guber-Rocha model. However, it is not sufficient in the sense that, among large range of parameters giving a linear-
T
resistivity in low temperature limit, only very limited parameters can support the linear-
T
resistivity up to high temperature even in strong momentum relaxation. We also show that the incoherent term in the general holographic conductivity formula or the coupling between the dilaton and Maxwell term is responsible for a robust linear-
T
resistivity up to high temperature.
A
bstract
The holographic superconductor is one of the most popular models in the context of applied holography. Despite what its name suggests, it does not describe a superconductor. On the ...contrary, the low temperature phase of its dual field theory is a superfluid with a spontaneously broken U(1) global symmetry. As already observed in the previous literature, a
bona fide
holographic superconductor can be constructed using mixed boundary conditions for the bulk gauge field. By exploiting this prescription, we study the near-equilibrium collective dynamics in the Higgs phase and reveal the characteristic features of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism. We show that second sound disappears from the spectrum and the gauge field acquires a finite energy gap of the order of the plasma frequency. We observe an overdamped to underdamped crossover for the Higgs mode which acquires a finite energy gap below ≈
T
c
/
2, with
T
c
the superconducting critical temperature. Interestingly, the energy gap of the Higgs mode at low temperature is significantly smaller than 2∆, with ∆ the superconducting energy gap. Finally, we interpret our results using Ginzburg-Landau theory and we confirm the validity of previously derived perturbative analytic expressions.
A
bstract
Within the framework of holography, the Einstein-Maxwell action with Dirichlet boundary conditions corresponds to a dual conformal field theory in presence of an external gauge field. ...Nevertheless, in many real-world applications, e.g., magnetohydrodynamics, plasma physics, superconductors, etc. dynamical gauge fields and Coulomb interactions are fundamental. In this work, we consider bottom-up holographic models at finite magnetic field and (free) charge density in presence of dynamical boundary gauge fields which are introduced using mixed boundary conditions. We numerically study the spectrum of the lowest quasi-normal modes and successfully compare the obtained results to magnetohydrodynamics theory in 2 + 1 dimensions. Surprisingly, as far as the electromagnetic coupling is small enough, we find perfect agreement even in the large magnetic field limit. Our results prove that a holographic description of magnetohydrodynamics does not necessarily need higher-form bulk fields but can be consistently derived using mixed boundary conditions for standard gauge fields.
Linear-T resistivity at high temperature Jeong, Hyun-Sik; Niu, Chao; Kim, Keun-Young
The journal of high energy physics,
10/2018, Letnik:
2018, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
The linear-
T
resistivity is one of the characteristic and universal properties of strange metals. There have been many progresses in understanding it from holographic perspective ...(gauge/gravity duality). In most holographic models, the linear-
T
resistivity is explained by the property of the infrared geometry and valid at low temperature limit. On the other hand, experimentally, the linear-
T
resistivity is observed in a large range of temperatures, up to room temperature. By using holographic models related to the Gubser-Rocha model, we investigate how much the linear-
T
resistivity is robust at higher temperature above the superconducting phase transition temperature. We find that strong momentum relaxation plays an important role to have a robust linear-
T
resistivity up to high temperature.
A
bstract
We study a relation between the thermal diffusivity (
D
T
) and two quantum chaotic properties, Lyapunov time (τ
L
) and butterfly velocity (
v
B
) in strongly correlated systems by using a ...holographic method. Recently, it was shown that
E
i
:
=
D
T
,
i
/
v
B
,
i
2
τ
L
i
=
x
,
y
is universal in the sense that it is determined only by some scaling exponents of the IR metric in the low temperature limit regardless of the matter fields and ultraviolet data. Inspired by this observation, by analyzing the anisotropic IR scaling geometry carefully, we find the concrete expressions for
E
i
in terms of the critical dynamical exponents
z
i
in each direction,
E
i
=
z
i
/
2
z
i
−
1
. Furthermore, we find the lower bound of
E
i
is always 1
/
2, which is not affected by anisotropy, contrary to the
η/s
case. However, there may be an upper bound determined by given fixed anisotropy.
This paper presents a source-driver IC that actively compensates for inter-channel charging rate mismatch in an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display with ultra-thin bezel panel. ...Due to the limitation of the physical design, the resistances of the driver-to-column routing lines in the panel bezel differ across channels. To solve the luminance non-uniformity caused by resistance mismatch, a digitally controlled gm-degeneration technique embedded in the output buffer amplifier is proposed. Each driver channel independently compensates for different routing-line resistances, resulting in a charging rate with excellent uniformity. In addition, the bezel area can be desirably minimized without a zigzag wiring pattern. The prototype 240-channel source-driver IC was fabricated using 0.18-μm CMOS technology, and offers a 16.8M-color depth with 13-mW power consumption. With a real OLED display, the measured luminance uniformity under condition of 240-Hz frame rate was improved from o = 1.43% to o = 1.01% by the proposed scheme. The inter-channel output deviation was measured to be ±2.7 mV. The video play on 2.4-in OLED panel using a frame rate of 240 Hz was also successfully demonstrated with high display quality.
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