Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) employing a viscous non-volatile electrolyte were prepared by utilizing anatase TiO
2 nanorods (synthesized via oriented attachment) as a photoanode material. One ...promising way to enhance the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs employing viscous electrolytes is to increase ion conductivity by increasing the salt concentration. This is accompanied by an acceleration of the charge recombination reaction and the limiting of the overall conversion efficiency. The results showed that a TiO
2 nanorod electrode enables more favorable electron transport than a conventional nanoparticle-based electrode due to the improved electron diffusion length and the large intrinsic surface area.
The present study applies the wavy shape on a wake equalizing duct before a propeller. The numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of wavy duct on a propulsion performance in ...the ranges of angles of attack (0°≤α≤15°) and the wavenumber of the duct ((4≤Wn≤32)). All ducts contribute to improving the propeller efficiency. The effect of the wavy duct on the force coefficients and their dependence on Wn become significant with increasing α. When α=10°, the wavy duct gives larger force coefficients and propeller efficiency with increasing Wn. The better performance of the propeller at the largest Wn is physically explained by the increase of the axial velocity in the slipstream region, more uniform distribution of the upstream velocity, and wider distributions of the low and high pressures in the suction and pressure side surfaces, respectively. The vortical structures of the wavy ducts and those size depend on the circumferential plan and Wn. The largest Wn breaks large vortical structures into smaller structures. The increase of the local momentum near the troughs contributes to the modification of vortical structures. Also, the appearance of additional axial vortices over the troughs is associated to modify the vortical structures with the largest Wn.
•The wavy shape is applied on a wake equalizing duct before a propeller.•The wavy duct gives a better propeller performance than the smooth duct at certain angles of attack.•The wavy duct modifies vortical structures by the increase of the local momentum and the appearance of additional vortices.•These flow modifications of the wavy duct are associated with the increase of the propeller performance.
이어폰 기능 검사장치 개발을 통한 공정개선 김완태; Wan-tae Kim; 이상구 ...
한국항행학회논문지,
10/2016, Letnik:
20, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
최근 스마트폰을 중심으로 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스를 활용하기 위해 개인용 이어폰을 사용하고 있다. 국내에서 판매되는 스마트 폰은 개인용 이어폰을 필수로 제공하고 있고, 스마트폰과 테블릿 PC로 음악을 듣는 문화가 확산되면서 어디서나 간편하게 음악을 감상하는데 필요한 이어폰 수요가 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 많은 량이 이어폰을 생산하는데 있어, ...불량제품을 검사하기 위한 복잡한 검사공정을 단순화 하고, 검사 시 소요되는 시간과 비용을 절감하기 위해 이어폰 기능검사 장치를 개발하여 검사공정을 개선하였다. 이어폰 검사장치 개발을 통한 공정개선은 이어폰 불량 검사를 위한 검사 원의 수를 줄일 수 있고, 이어폰 검사 시간을 단축 할 수 있으며 일일 검사 량을 증가시킬 수 있다.
Recently with smartphones and tablets, personal earphones have been using to utilize a wide range of multimedia services. Especially smartphones sold domestically provide earphones as necessaries. As a life style listening to music through smartphones and tablets has been spread widely, there has been in increasing demand of earphones necessary for enjoying music anytime and anywhere. This paper has simplified the complex performance test processes to inspect defective products when producing a large amount of earphonesand has improved the existing performance test processes to reduce the costs and time for the performance test of earphones. In this paper, the improved performance test processes through developing the performance test equipment of earphones can reduce the performance test inspectors, cut down the performance test time, and increase the daily amount of the performance test.
We evaluated whether ramipril, one of long-acting ACEIs, has a direct effect on pancreas islets in animal model of type 2 diabetes. OLETF rats were treated with ramipril for 24 weeks. We assessed the ...body weight, glucose tolerance, and the amount of islet fibrosis. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of transforming growth factor-β with its downstream signals were performed from the pancreas. Ramipril treatment remarkably reduced weight gain and the area under the curve of glucose. Islet fibrosis and the expression of TGF-β with its downstream signal molecules were significantly reduced in the pancreas of ramipril-treated group than in control and paired-feeding group. These beneficial effects of ramipril might be related to the downregulation of TGF-β and its downstream signals in OLETF rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting the potential effect of ramipril on the prevention of islet destruction by fibrosis in the animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the characteristics of the two-dimensional laminar flow around two rotating circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangements. In order to consider the ...combined effects of the rotation and the spacing between two cylinders on the flow, numerical simulations are performed at a various range of absolute rotational speeds
(
|
α
|
⩽
2
)
for four different gap spacings of 3, 1.5, 0.7 and 0.2 at Reynolds number of 100 showing the typical two-dimensional vortex shedding. As
|
α
|
increases, the flow changes its condition from periodic to steady after a critical rotational speed, which depends on the gap spacing. In the cases of gap spacings of 3 and 0.2, the wake keeps the same pattern, until flow reaches the steady state. However, for the gap spacings of 1.5 and 0.7, the wake patterns change in the unsteady regimes. For the cases in which the flow is unsteady, the Strouhal number strongly depends on the gap. For a fixed gap spacing, the variation of the Strouhal number is significant when the wake pattern is changed according to the rotational speed. Regardless of the gap spacing, as
|
α
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increases, the lift increases and the drag decreases. Quantitative information about the flow variables such as the pressure coefficient and wall vorticity distributions on the cylinders is highlighted.
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and implementation of a novel composite film, a polybutadiene-based urethane (PBU)/AgNW/PBU sensor (PAPS), demonstrating remarkable mechanical stability ...and precision in motion detection. The sensor capitalizes on the integration of Ag nanowire (AgNW) electrodes into a neutral plane, embedded within a reversibly cross-linkable PBU polymer. The meticulous arrangement confers pore-free and interfaceless sensor formation, resulting in an enhanced mechanical robustness, reproducibility, and long-term reliability. The PBU polymer is subjected to an electrospinning process, followed by sequential Diels–Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions to produce a planarized encapsulation layer. This pioneering technology, based on electrospinning, allows for more flawless engineering of the neutral plane as compared to conventional film lamination or layer-by-layer spin-coating processes. This encapsulation, matching the thickness of the preformed PBU film, effectively houses the AgNW electrodes. The PAPS outperforms conventional AgNW/PBU sensors (APS) in terms of mechanical stability and bending insensitivity. When affixed to various body parts, the PAPS generates distinctive signal curves, reflecting the specific body part and degree of motion involved. The PAPS sensor’s utility is further magnified by the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for signal interpretation. K-means clustering algorithm authenticated the superior reproducibility and consistency of the signals derived from the PAPS over the APS. Deep learning algorithms, including a singular 1D convolutional neural network (1D CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and dual-layered combinations of 1D CNN + LSTM and LSTM + 1D CNN, were deployed for signal classification. The singular 1D CNN model displayed a classification accuracy exceeding 98%. The PAPS sensor signifies a pivotal development in the field of intelligent motion sensors.
Objects
Balloon cells are histopathological hallmarks of cortical malformations, i.e., focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) of the Taylor type or the cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis, and they are ...believed to be the epileptogenic substrate and cause therapeutic drug resistant epilepsy in man. This study was carried out to investigate the developmental histogenesis and epileptogenesis of balloon cells in FCD.
Materials and methods
We used an immunohistochemical approach to examine the expressions of primitive neuroepithelial cell antigens (CD34, nestin, and vimentin), ionotrophic glutamate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A/B, GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, GluR4, and GluR5/6/7), and P-glycoprotein in balloon cells from FCD and normal cerebral cortex epileptogenic lesions.
Conclusion
Balloon cells presented in clusters or as scattered cells throughout FCD lesions involving the gray and white matter. We found the balloon cells to be classifiable into three subtypes based on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament protein (NF-L) immunohistochemistry, i.e., as neuronal, astrocytic, and uncommitted. Immunopositivity for nestin, CD34, and vimentin in balloon cells of FCD suggests that they may be derived from the abnormal development and differentiation of neural stem cells. Moreover, it appears that epileptogenesis in cortical dysplasia is partly caused by the upregulations of some glutamate receptor subunit proteins (NR1, NR2A/B, GluR1, and GluR3) in balloon cells and dysplastic neurons. We speculate that the presence of the drug resistance protein P-glycoprotein in balloon cells might explain medically refractory epilepsy in FCD.
Goals of work
The goal of this study was to investigate the utilization of and attitudes toward life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) at the end of life.
Materials and methods
We identified 4,042 ...families of cancer patients who had died at any of 17 hospitals in Korea during 2004. Among those, we analyzed the interviews provided by 1,592 (39.4%) primary caregivers. Only women who provided information in baseline and follow-up point could be included for internal comparison.
Main results
Most caregivers did not discuss with their patient the option of utilizing the intensive care unit (ICU; 92.7%) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; 93.7%) to prolong an ending life. Logistic regressions indicated that the ICU was more likely to be utilized when patients experienced an unexpected medical problem before dying, discussed the ICU with the family caregiver, or were low-educated. CPR was more likely to be used if the patient died within 6 months of diagnosis or the family caregiver was <65 years old. Family caregivers more likely to use the ICU if placed in the same situation again were those whose patients had a higher monthly income or died within 6 months of diagnosis, low-educated, or had utilized the ICU.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the importance of discussing LST with terminally ill patients based on adequate information.
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