Although computer games as a way to improve students' learning have received attention by many educational researchers, no consensus has been reached on the effects of computer games on student ...achievement. Moreover, there is lack of empirical research on differential effects of computer games on diverse learners. In response, this study empirically examined the effects of playing computer games on math achievement of 4th graders, with special focus on gender and language minority groups. The study used the 2005 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), a nationally representative database of the USA. The study performed regression analyses using more than 170,000 U.S. 4th-grade students by applying a proper weight and considering design effects to have high generalizability. The study specified three models for analyses: ELL Model, Gender Model, and Interaction Model. The results showed that English-speaking students who played computer math games in school every day displayed significantly lower math achievement than those who never played. Contrastingly, positive effects of daily computer use were noted among male students whose first language was other than English. Male language minority students who daily played computer games in math demonstrated higher math performance scores compared with their male English-speaking counterparts who never played.
In the context of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal for education, this study examines the potential of information, communication, and technology (ICT) as a way to provide quality ...education for all, with a focus on immigrant youth in the United States. The study uses structural equation models (SEM) to analyze data from a nationally representative data set, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)-USA. Focusing on mathematics achievement among immigrant youth (with non-immigrant youth as a reference group), this study explores the effects of ICT access and two types of ICT use for educational purposes: generic and specific. The results indicate that ICT access and specific ICT use both have positive direct, indirect, and total effects on math performance for immigrant youths, while generic ICT use has only a nonsignificant negative effect. In nonimmigrant youths, these ICT variables showed a different pattern, with the effects of ICT access and specific ICT use being less pronounced, but generic ICT use exhibiting a significant negative effect. These findings show the potential role of ICT-mediated education in narrowing the achievement gap between immigrant and nonimmigrant students, thereby helping immigrants better integrate into their destination countries.
This study compared the direct, indirect, and total effects of information, communication, and technology (ICT) variables on math achievement for second-generation immigrant, first-generation ...immigrant, and nonimmigrant students. A path model was used to analyze U.S. nationally representative data from the Program for International Student Assessment to examine the effects of ICT access and computer use for schoolwork practice and for programming, with self-efficacy as a mediator. The results indicate that second-generation students with two foreign-born parents demonstrated significantly lower mathematics performance than nonimmigrant students. However, the first-generation students did not show any difference from nonimmigrant students. ICT access had significantly positive effects for all three groups, while computer use for schoolwork practice showed overall negative effects. Importantly, computer use for programming showed a differential effect across the three groups, with positive indirect and total effects for second-generation students but overall negative effects for the first-generation and nonimmigrant students.
kim h., chang m., rose k. & kim s. (2011) Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 846–855.
Aims. This article is a report on a ...study of the multidimensional predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia using nationally representative data.
Background. Caregiver burden affects the health of both caregivers and their care‐recipients. Although previous studies identified various predictors of caregiver burden, these predictors have not been confirmed in nationally representative population.
Methods. Data for this secondary analysis was provided by the National Alliance for Caregiving, American Association of Retired Persons. The data were collected through a telephone survey of randomly selected adults in seven states in 2003 (weight adjusted n = 302). Descriptive statistics, inter‐correlation analysis and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed.
Results/findings. Disease‐related factors were the most significant predictors, explaining 16% of caregiver burden; these were followed by caregiver socio‐demographical factors and caregiving‐related factors (F = 21·28, P < 0·01). Significant individual predictors were impairment of activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living, the number of hours of caregiving, use of coping strategies, co‐residence, spousal status and caregiver gender (P < 0·05).
Conclusion. Impaired function in care‐recipients predicts caregiver burden, and also interacts with demographical‐ and caregiving‐related factors. Thus, it will be beneficial to both care‐recipients and caregivers to target nursing interventions and community services to improve the functional abilities of individuals with dementia.
Despite 35 years of study, burnout researchers have failed to reach a consensus about whether burnout is distinct from depression. This review compiled reports containing zero-order correlations ...between scores on burnout, depression, and other measures of negative affect (NA) based on (a) reviews published by Kahill (1988), Glass and McKnight (1996), and Bianchi et al. (2015b), and (b) a search of PsycInfo using "depression" and "burnout" as search terms to find relevant studies published after 2014. The resulting data set contained 69 studies with 196 burnout-depression correlations based on 46,191 participants. We found an overall effect size of .492 between scores on burnout and depression measures (essentially equivalent to the .52 value reported in Koutsimani et al.'s, 2019, review) and an effect size of .546 between the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion scale and depression. Similarly, a correlation of .53 between burnout and NA measures is similar in size to the .46 correlation found by Koutsimani et al. Moderator analyses indicated that a larger burnout-depression correlation was associated with a higher proportion of female participants in a study, older participants, participants who had worked longer, and burnout measures with higher reliability estimates. The effects of age and years employed on the burnout-depression relationship suggest that repeated and negative work experiences are required for burnout to develop to the extent that its effects overlap with symptoms of depression. Conceptualizing the empirical relation between burnout and depression as a single point estimate may miss the more complex empirical picture.
This study examined the effects of two types of Information communication technology and media (ICT/media) use on college access using ICT/media to obtain college information as a mediator paying ...focused attention to English language learners. The study analyzed the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS) from the US Department of Education, employing a survival analysis with structural equation modeling components. The results demonstrated that the frequent use of a computer for independent learning had significantly positive direct, indirect, and total effects on college entry for both English language learners and native English-speaking students. However, the digital gameplay had significantly negative effects. The study discusses the implications of using ICT/media.
•Sports participation helps reduce depressive symptoms through a sense of school belonging in adolescents.•Male students in team sports has lower depression scores through school belonging compared ...to no-sports students.•Individual sports participation influences lower likelihood for depression among female students.•The findings underscore the distinct effects of various sports types on depression symptoms in both male and female adolescents.
In light of the growing concern for the mental well-being of adolescents, this study sought to investigate the impact of team and individual sports participation within the school setting on depressive symptoms and explore the mediating role of school belonging in the relationships between team and individual sports and depressive symptoms among adolescents. We also examined gender differences in the effects of the types of sports (i.e., team and individual sports) participation on depression. A series of full structural equation models were tested with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Results suggest that joint team and individual sports participation had an indirect effect on reducing adolescents’ depressive symptoms through their sense of school belonging. Team sport participation was found to predict lower levels of depression both directly and indirectly through school belonging. When including all the gender variables and their interaction terms in the moderated mediation model, male students who played team sports had significantly lower scores of depression through school belonging, compared to students who played no-sports. Female students participating in individual sports reported lower levels of depression while male students participating in individual sports showed higher depression scores than males who did not participate in sports. Our findings provide important insights concerning the key role of team sport participation and school belonging in reducing the risk of depression and the types of sports and their separate effects on depression symptoms in male and female adolescents.
Postmortem 7Li NMR analysis using a standard CPMAS probe can assess the reversibility of lithium metal electrodes and the behaviour of Li+, originated from electrolytes, in the solid electrolyte ...interphase, separator, and electrode-protective layer.
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Despite the proficiency of lithium (Li)-7 NMR spectroscopy in delineating the physical and chemical states of Li metal electrodes, challenges in specimen preparation and interpretation impede its progress. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive postmortem analysis utilizing 7Li NMR, employing a standard magic angle spinning probe to examine protective-layer coated Li metal electrodes and LiAg alloy electrodes against bare Li metal electrodes within Li metal batteries (LMBs). Our investigation explores the effects of sample burrs, alignment with the magnetic field, the existence of liquid electrolytes, and precycling on the 7Li NMR signals. Through contrasting NMR spectra before and after cycling, we identified alterations in Li0 and Li+ signals attributable to the degradation of the Li metal electrode. Our NMR analyses decisively demonstrate the efficacy of the protective layer in mitigating dendrite and solid electrolyte interphase formation. Moreover, we noted that Li+ ions near the Li metal surface exhibit magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, revealing a novel approach to studying diamagnetic species on Li metal electrodes in LMBs. This study provides valuable insights and practical guidelines for characterizing distinct lithium states within LMBs.
•Cyberbullying is a risk factor that threatens immigrant youths’ academic success.•Cyberbullying is negatively associated with their sense of school belonging.•Its adverse effect was greater among ...youths who frequently used ICT for leisure.•Its adverse effect was less severe among those who frequently used ICT for information.
This study addressed the adverse effects of cyberbullying on our young people, focusing particularly on immigrant youths. To minimize cyberbullying risks, while maximizing online opportunities, this study explored two types of uses for information and communication technologies (ICT): leisure and information as risk and protective factors. By including two types of ICT use as mediators in adopting a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, this study sought to explore the full mechanism governing the ways cyberbullying affects immigrant youths including its indirect paths via two types of ICT uses as well as its direct path. The results demonstrated the need to combat cyberbullying of immigrant youths, providing empirical evidence of its harmful influences on this vulnerable population. The harmful influences of cyberbullying were more pronounced among youths who frequently used ICT for leisure than among those who used it primarily for information. Interestingly, this study identified significant indirect paths for different ICT uses for immigrant students but no significant effects for nonimmigrant students, showing the importance of targeted approaches for immigrant students.
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