This study investigates the actual conditions of houses flooded by the 2020 Kyushu floods, and reports on the recovery procedures. The recovery procedures were organized in the chronological order ...based on the records of the technical guidance provided by the authors. The recovery process chart clarified the work process and the number of people required. In addition, the authors interviewed the victims and summarized the recovery work and period of one year after the disaster. It was found that it was difficult for residents to work alone immediately after the disaster and that it was necessary to secure personnel.
Chitin/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) composites were synthesized via photo-polymerization in a gel state of chitin swollen with HEMA monomer as reactive impregnant. The transition ...behavior and phase structure of the chitin/PHEMA composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic viscoelastic analysis, and solid-state
13C NMR spectroscopy. For compositions containing ≲ 20wt% chitin, it was reasonably assumed that an original network structure of chitin gels was sufficiently perpetuated into the cross-linked PHEMA matrix, resulting in the formation of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) type organization. Owing to this IPN effect, the lowering of the dynamic modulus
E
́
of the composites in the glass transition temperature region was extremely suppressed, compared with the corresponding
É-drop observed for plain PHEMA samples. From measurements of the proton spin-lattice relaxation times
t
1
ρ
h
in the NMR study, the IPN-like composites were estimated to be homogeneous on a scale of less than ~2.4nm.
Binary blends of alginate (Alg) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were cast in film form from mixed aqueous polymer solutions by solvent evaporation. The thermal transition and viscoelastic behavior of ...the Alg/PVA blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Irrespective of composition, blend samples gave a single glass transition temperature (
T
g) situated between the
T
gs of PVA and alginate per se. The melting point of the PVA component was depressed systematically with increasing alginate content in the blends. These observations indicate that the polymer blend of Alg/PVA is capable of forming a thermodynamically miscible phase in the amorphous state. An additional treatment of as-cast samples with calcium tetraborate solution gave rise to a marked elevation of their
T
gs. This may be ascribed to the possible, simultaneous occurrence of a chelate complexation of alginates with Ca
2+ cation and a borate ion-aided cross-links between PVA chains, resulting in the formation of an ‘IPN’ structure.
A strain of domestic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum (Lac B), which is nonpathogenic and anerobic, selectively localized and proliferated in several types of mouse tumors following i.v. ...administration. None of the same bacilli could be detected in the tissues of healthy organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, blood, bone marrow, and muscle 48 or 96 hr after i.v. administration into tumor-bearing mice. Proliferation of Lac B in the tumor was artifically stimulated by i.p. administration of DDD-H-2s mice of a synthesized disaccharide, lactulose (4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose), a sugar which is not metabolized by mammalian tissue cells. Lac B, which survices and proliferates selectively in the tumor following i.v. administration into the tumor-bearing host, should aid in diagnosis and selective therapy for cancer.
This paper is concerned with an approximate three-dimensional analysis of thermal stresses in a nonhomogeneous plate with temperature variation and nonhomogeneous properties only in the thickness ...direction. The nonhomogeneous plate is approximated as a laminated plate consisting of different homogeneous and isotropic layers which are perfectly bonded to each neighboring layer. The transient temperature field is analyzed by Vodicka's method for a heat conduction problem in one-dimensional composite regions. The nonhomogeneous thermal and elastic properties are restricted to those symmetric with respect to the mid-plane of the plate. The three-dimensional thermal stresses are analyzed using the solutions developed by Rogers and Spencer, which are expressed in terms of the solution of the approximate, two-dimensional, thin-plate, governing equations for an equivalent homogeneous plate.
The transition behavior and miscibility state of chitin/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends were investigated by DSC and dynamic mechanical analysis. In order to examine the effect of the deacetylation ...of chitin on its miscibility with PVA, chitin materials having different degrees of deacetylation (DD) were prepared from homogeneous alkaline solutions. Blend films of the deacetylated chitins with PVA were obtained successfully from mixed polymer solutions in aqueous acetic acid or in dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride. For samples prepared so that the DD of the chitin component was in the range of 40-60%, a composition-dependent shift in the Tg of PVA and a systematic depression in the melting temperature of this component were observed clearly, while for the other samples of DD<40% or DD >60%, the shift in the transition temperatures was less prominent. Thus the use of the restricted chitins of 40-60% DD was found to result in an especially good miscibility state in the amorphous regions of the blends with PVA.
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