Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) remains a leading cause of neurological infection across Asia. The high lethality of disease and absence of effective therapies mean that standardised animal ...models will be crucial in developing therapeutics. However, published mouse models are heterogeneous. We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of published JEV mouse experiments to investigate the variation in model parameters, assess homogeneity and test the relationship of key variables against mortality.
A PubMed search was performed up to August 2020. 1991 publications were identified, of which 127 met inclusion criteria, with data for 5026 individual mice across 487 experimental groups. Quality assessment was performed using a modified CAMARADES criteria and demonstrated incomplete reporting with a median quality score of 10/17. The pooled estimate of mortality in mice after JEV challenge was 64.7% (95% confidence interval 60.9 to 68.3) with substantial heterogeneity between experimental groups (I^2 70.1%, df 486). Using meta-regression to identify key moderators, a refined dataset was used to model outcome dependent on five variables: mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose (in log10PFU) and route of inoculation. The final model reduced the heterogeneity substantially (I^2 38.9, df 265), explaining 54% of the variability.
This is the first systematic review of mouse models of JEV infection. Better adherence to CAMARADES guidelines may reduce bias and variability of reporting. In particular, sample size calculations were notably absent. We report that mouse age, mouse strain, virus strain, virus dose and route of inoculation account for much, though not all, of the variation in mortality. This dataset is available for researchers to access and use as a guideline for JEV mouse experiments.
Peggy Kirkwood is the cardiovascular acute care nurse practitioner at Mission Hospital in Mission Viejo, California, where she provides care to heart failure, heart surgery, and general cardiology ...patients, and serves as an Advanced Practice Nurse in Cardiology for the hospital. She is a member of many professional organizations, including the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Heart Failure Society of America, American Academy of Clinical Psychology, American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, and Pulmonary Hypertension Association. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
ACC Competency Management Committee Eric S. Williams, MD, MACC, Chair Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, Co-Chair Jesse E. Adams III, MD, FACC James A. Arrighi, MD, FACC Eric H. Awtry, MD, FACC Eric R. ...Bates, MD, FACC John E. Brush Jr, MD, FACC Lori Daniels, MD, MAS, FACC Susan Fernandes, LPD, PA-C Rosario Freeman, MD, MS, FACC Sadiya S. Khan, MD Joseph E. Marine, MD, FACC John A. McPherson, MD, FACC Lisa A. Mendes, MD, FACC Thomas Ryan, MD, FACC Chittur A. Sivaram, MBBS, FACC Robert L. Spicer, MD, FACC Andrew Wang, MD, FACC, FAHA Howard H. Weitz, MD, MACP, FACC Table of Contents Preamble2979 Introduction2980 Document Development Process2980 Writing Committee Organization2980 Document Development and Approval2980 Background and Scope2980 Evolution of AHFTC2981 Levels of Training2981 Methods for Determining Procedural Numbers2981 General Standards2982 Faculty2982 Facilities2982 Equipment2982 Ancillary Support2982 Training Components2983 Didactic Program2983 Clinical Experience2983 Hands-On Procedural Experience2983 Diagnosis and Management of Emergencies and Complications2990 Diagnosis and Management of Less Common Clinical Conditions and Syndromes2990 Research and Scholarly Activity2991 Training Requirements2991 Development and Evaluation of Core Competencies2991 Number of Procedures2991 Heart Failure2991 Inpatient2992 Initial Assessment2992 Hemodynamic Interpretation2992 Cardiogenic Shock2993 Decompensated Heart Failure2993 Outpatient2993 Pulmonary Hypertension2993 Inpatient2993 Outpatient2993 Mechanical Circulatory Support2994 Inpatient2994 Outpatient2994 Cardiac Transplantation2994 Inpatient2995 Pretransplant Management2995 Acute Postoperative Management2995 Postoperative Complications2995 Inpatient Heart Transplant Management Following the Index Admission2995 Outpatient2995 Immunosuppression2995 Chronic Complications2995 Shared Decision Making and Palliative Care2996 Evaluation of Proficiency2996 References2996 Appendix 1 Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)2998 Appendix 2 Peer Reviewer Information2999 Appendix 3 Abbreviation...
Critically ill patients are at marked risk of hospital-acquired infections, which increase patients' morbidity and mortality. Registered nurses are the main health care providers of physical care, ...including hygiene to reduce and prevent hospital-acquired infections, for hospitalized critically ill patients.
To investigate a new patient hand hygiene protocol designed to reduce hospital-acquired infection rates and improve nurses' hand-washing compliance in an intensive care unit.
A preexperimental study design was used to compare 12-month rates of 2 common hospital-acquired infections, central catheter-associated bloodstream infection and catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and nurses' hand-washing compliance measured before and during use of the protocol.
Reductions in 12-month infection rates were reported for both types of infections, but neither reduction was statistically significant. Mean 12-month nurse hand-washing compliance also improved, but not significantly.
A hand hygiene protocol for patients in the intensive care unit was associated with reductions in hospital-acquired infections and improvements in nurses' hand-washing compliance. Prevention of such infections requires continuous quality improvement efforts to monitor lasting effectiveness as well as investigation of strategies to eliminate these infections.
PDF
