Banija spotted pig breed was created at the end of 19th century by crossing domestic white sows with drooping ears and/or Turopolje pig sows with black Berkshire. After a period of stagnation in ...breeding, the population is newly recognized only few years ago and is currently in the process of breed valorisation. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity and structure of Banija spotted pig (BS) in comparison with geographically close populations, and to assess the differentiation level of Banija spotted pig. Based on the genotypes obtained for 24 ISAG-FAO recommended pig microsatellite markers, basic genetic diversity indicators were determined for 30 samples of BS, 20 samples of Turopolje and Crna Slavonska pig each, and 17 samples of Landrace population. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.36 to 0.6 and was high in BS population (0.58). Average allelic richness (range 2 - 5.2) and the rarefacted number of private alleles (range 9 to 27) were the highest in BS. Inbreeding coefficient in BS was estimated 0.06 (bootstrapping confidence interval 0.022 to 0.123). Structure analysis showed that there are five clusters in the four analysed populations, where BS are clearly distinguished from other populations and substructured. Wright's fixation index estimates are in accordance with the clustering results. In conclusion, the population of Banija spotted pig shows great genetic diversity and is genetically different from neighbouring (geographically close) pig populations.
Genetic diversity and breed structure of Banija spotted pig (BS) was analyzed trough 721 pedigree records and polymorphism of 23 microsatellites on 30 BS pigs. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed ...from microsatellite and pedigree information. The inbreeding coefficient obtained by microsatellite markers was 5.6%, while the inbreeding coefficient from pedigree analysis was 3.68%. The rate of inbreeding per generation was 1.74% and effective population size was 28.81. In phylogenetic analyses, relationship coefficients and genetic distances between individuals were calculated using microsatellite and pedigree data. Phylogenetic trees from microsatellite markers and pedigree corresponded well to each other and showed consistency between microsatellite and pedigree information. From the data obtained by microsatellite markers and pedigree, two subpopulations can be observed. The existence of two subpopulations can be explained by two different paths of breed genesis. Thus, future work in the conservation process should include methods such as optimal contribution selection including factorial mating, in order to make genetic progress and control the rate of inbreeding.
The aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive parameters in a population of the Banija Spotted (BS) pig breed. A total of 69 breeding sows registered in the herdbook were analysed according to ...the Order of Parity (OP) (1st, 2nd, 3rd, joint 4th and 5th parity, and all parities). Basic descriptive statistical analyses were used to calculate reproductive parameters such as age at mating and farrowing, Age of the Boar (AB) at mating, gestation length and farrowing interval; the following parameters were analysed for Litter Size (LS): Total Number of Born (TNB), Number of Born Alive (NBA), Number of Still Born (NSB) and Number of Weaned (NW) piglets. Analyses were carried out using the GLM procedure in SAS, whereas the Pairwise Pearson PROC CORR procedure was used to calculate correlation coefficients (r) between LS traits. On average 8.26 TNB, 7.57 NBA, 0.67 NSB and 6.95 NW piglets were determined. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between 1st and 2nd, and 1st and 3rd OP for TNB and NBA. NW was significantly different (P<0.05) between 1st and 2nd OP, and between 3rd and joint 4th and 5th parities, with a significant (P<0.05) effect of Gestation Length (GL) and Farrowing Season (FS) on NBA in 2nd parity. A significant effect of Herd Group (HG) and AB on NBA was recorded in 3rd OP. Joint 4th and 5th parities with the lowest number of litters analysed showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of AB on TNB, NBA and NW, as well as of GL on NSB. High correlation coefficients (r = 0.7-0.9; P<0.05, per parity analysed) were found between TNB-NBA, TNB-NW and NBA-NW in all parities and single parity analysed, with the highest value recorded between NBA-NW in the joint 4th and 5th parities (r = 0.94). According to the analysed LS traits, Banija Spotted pig breed is characterised by moderate fertility. Key words: Banija Spotted pig; sows; litter size; revitalization
Genetic parameters for backfat thickness and test time were updated and used in genetic evaluation for field tested pigs in Croatia. Data consisted of 9,406 animals with measurements for production ...traits recorded from 2000 to 2014. The number of animals in pedigree was 10,728. Production traits were modelled using a single trait animal model including the following fixed class effects: breed, sex, classifier, season, and herd. Weight at the end of the test was included as linear regression in the model for backfat. Direct additive genetic effect, interaction herd-year-season of testing and common litter effect were included as random effects. Variance components were estimated using REML method as implemented in the VCE-6 program. The estimated heritabilities were 0.28±0.03 for backfat thickness and 0.12±0.02 for test time. Litter effect accounted from 15 to 24% of phenotypic variation, while herd-year-season of testing explained additional 24 and 28% of variability for analysed traits.
As Black Slavonian pig was forgotten and replaced by commercial hybrid pigs, after mid 1950s population declined drastically. Today’s population was founded from 46 sows and 6 boars in 1996 while ...currently consist of 1064 sows and 163 boars. Aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure and genetic variability in autochthonous Black Slavonian pig breed using pedigree. The quality of the pedigree information was evaluated by percentage of known ancestors, which was about 35.16%. Increase in pedigree completeness over the years is evident. Number of inbred Black Slavonian animals was 1695. Average inbreeding was 3.2%, with evident growth observed by year. Effective number of founders was 50.8 for males and 51.1 for females. Effective number of ancestors was, 35.8 for male and 34.8 for female animals, respectively. The proportion of the genes contributed to the reference population of males and females by the most important ancestor was 7.1% and 9.1%. The first 15 ancestors for males and 12 for females explained around 50% variability in the gene pool. Average effective population size via number of parents for the last 10 years of Black Slavonian pig is 189.2. In order to perform proper selection decisions, additional work should be done to increase the quality of pedigree data affecting the reliability of estimated parameters and genetic structure of the population.
The Black Slavonian pig is an autochthonous pig breed in Croatia, which has recorded a continuous growth of the population followed by the higher number of breeders in recent years. The increase in ...population has removed the Black Slavonian breed from the category of endangered local breeds. The consequences of such a significant increase in population size in local breeds are often a high level of inbreeding, but also a high variability of the external traits of breeding individuals. Given that the main goal of the Breeding Program for Black Slavonian pigs is to preserve its phenotypic traits and breed-specific features, the paper presents the results of external traits analysis at 10 different points on the body, on a sample of 102 animals, aged between 10 and 24 months. Estimated mean values for wither’s height were 65 cm and 64 cm in boars and sows, respectively. Average body length was 128 cm for boars, and 126 cm for sows. The heart girth was 114 cm for both categories, while the height at the sacrum was 72 cm (boars), and 71 cm (sows). These results indicate very small or insignificant differences between male and female individuals, and refer that the body measurements of Black Slavonian pigs have not changed significantly in relation to its formation and development over time, as well as in relation to other local breeds from the neighbouring regions. With this in mind, selection work should be focused on control and preservation. Furthermore, the paper gives an overview of the population throughout history, as well as breeding practices.
Crna slavonska svinja autohtona je pasmina svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj,
koja posljednjih godina bilježi kontinuirani rast populacije i broja uzgajivača. Porast brojnosti populacije maknuo je crnu slavonsku pasminu
iz kategorije ugroženih izvornih pasmina svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj. Posljedice takvog značajnog porasta populacije kod lokalnih pasmina kao što je crna slavonska svinja, nerijetko su visok stupanj uzgoja u srodstvu, ali i visoka varijabilnost rasplodnih jedinki u pogledu svojstava vanjštine. S obzirom da je glavni cilj Uzgojnog programa za crnu slavonsku svinja očuvati njezine fenotipske karakteristike i pasminsku specifičnost, u radu su prikazani rezultati mjerenja svojstava
vanjštine, na uzorku od 102 životinje, u dobi od 10 do 24 mjeseci, na 10 različitih točaka na tijelu. Procijenjene srednje vrijednosti za visinu grebena kod nerasta su iznosile 65 cm, dok kod krmača 64 cm. Duljina tijela prema ovom istraživanju iznosila je 128 cm za neraste, te
126 cm za krmače. Opseg prsa iznosio je 114 cm za obje kategorije, dok je visina križa kod nerasta iznosila 72 cm, a kod krmača 71 cm. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na vrlo male, odnosno neznatne razlike između nerasta i
krmača, te da se tjelesne mjere crne slavonske svinje nisu značajno promijenile u odnosu na njezino formiranje i razvoj tijekom vremena, kao
i u odnosu na druge lokalne pasmine iz okruženja. Stoga ih sustavnim uzgojno-selekcijskim radom treba kontrolirati i očuvati. Također, u radu
je dan osvrt na brojno stanje u populaciji kroz povijest, kao i na uzgojne prakse, koje su u određenoj mjeri utjecale na vanjštinu crne slavonske svinje.
Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj pasmine i spola svinja na dnevni prirast u testu u proizvodnim uvjetima. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 62 469 zapisa iz testa svinja u proizvodnim uvjetima od ...1998. do 2017. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanje su bile uključene svinje četiri čiste pasmine: landras (L), veliki jorkšir (VJ), pietren (P), durok (D) te oba recipročna križanca LxVJ. Oba promatrana utjecaja imala su značajan utjecaj (P<0,05) na dnevni prirast. Uočena je statistički značajna razlika u dnevnom prirastu između pasmina. Prosjeci dobiveni metodom najmanjih kvadrata pokazuju da su svinje pasmine durok imale najveći dnevni prirast sa 583 g, zatim ih slijede križanci LxVJ sa 532 g i VJxL sa 529 g. Dnevni prirast za velikog jorkšira iznosi 528 g, a najmanji prirast je zabilježen kod pietrena sa 519 g. Utvrđena je značajna razlika (P<0,05) u dnevnom prirastu u testu u proizvodnim uvjetima između spolova (nerastića i nazimica) gdje prosječni dnevni prirast dobiven metodom najmanjih kvadrata iznosi 569 g u nerastića i 508 g u nazimica.
Genetska raznolikost unutar autohtonih pasmina svinja se smanjuje kao posljedica smanjenja veličina populacija. Stoga se posljednjih godina posebna pozornost pridaje očuvanju genetske raznolikosti ...takvih pasmina. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi genetsku raznolikost banijske šare svinje koristeći podatke o porijeklu životinja. Podaci o porijeklu sadržavali su 721 zapis o porijeklu svinja banijske šare pasmine u razdoblju od 2010 do 2017. godine. Referentna populacija sadržavala je sve životinje iz porijekla. Kvaliteta i cjelovitost pedigrea utvrđena je korištenjem slijedećih parametara: prosječni maksimalni broj generacija praćenih unatrag, prosječan broj punih generacija, te prosječan broj ekvivalentnih generacija. Genetska raznolikost populacije opisana je slijedećim parametrima: prosječni koeficijent uzgoja u srodstvu (F), stopa promjene koeficijenta uzgoja u srodstvu (ΔF), efektivna veličina populacije (Ne), prosječna srodnost u populaciji, te efektivni broj začetnika (Nef). Genetski intervali za četiri selekcijska puta izraženi su kao prosječna dob roditelja u trenutku rođenja potomaka. Prosječni maksimalni broj generacija iznosio je 2,47, prosječan broj punih generacija 1,50, dok je prosječni broj ekvivalentnih generacija iznosio 2,00. Prosječni koeficijent uzgoja u srodstvu iznosio je 3,68%, a stopa promjene uzgoja u srodstvu 1,74% po generaciji. Prosječna srodnost u populaciji iznosila je 9,32%, dok je efektivna veličina populacije iznosila 28,81. Prosječno trajanje generacijskog intervala iznosilo je 2,17 godine. Rezultati analize porijekla pokazali su potrebu za ulaganjem dodatnih napora kako bi se očuvala genetska raznolikost unutar populacije banijske šare svinje. Tome može pridonijeti plansko sparivanje životinja te primjena selekcije s optimiziranim doprinosom.
Pasmina svinja mangulica je stara pasmina svinja koja je imala veliku ulogu u hrvatskom stočarstvu u kojem se uzgaja više od stoljeće i pol, a u pojedinim razdobljima bila je najznačajnija pasmina ...svinja u Hrvatskoj, posebice u Slavoniji. Njezin značaj bio je velik u podmirenju prehrambenih potreba, ali i kao temelja nastanka hrvatske izvorna pasmine crna slavonska svinja. Danas se Hrvatskoj uzgaja mali broj jedinki ove pasmine, te u cilju očuvanja Hrvatska poljoprivredna agencija 2016. godine je započela postupak utemeljenja registra pasmine te u izradu programa očuvanja. Registar pasmine danas broji 113 rasplodnih grla nerasta i krmača, a zastupljena su sva tri tipa mangulice (bijeli, crveni i lasasti). Iako mangulica nije naša izvorna pasmina, duga tradicija uzgoja, njezin povijesni značaj u životu građana te uloga u stvaranju crne slavonske svinje, nesumnjivo su činjenice za ulaganje intenzivnog rada u očuvanju hrvatskog uzgoja mangulice te njezino svrstavanje u Popis izvorni i zaštićenih pasmina domaćih životinja Republike Hrvatske, a što potvrđuju brojni povijesni pisani dokazi i znanstvena istraživanja
The seeds for grassland establishment and renovation have been mostly imported into the Republic of Croatia. The aim of the present research was to determine yield, chemical composition and ...persistence of 13 introduced grass cultivars (cv.) in the hilly mountain area of Croatia. The Lolium perenne cv. Pimpernel and Calibra, and Phleum pratense cv. Richmond had the highest dry matter (DM) yield in the year 2000 (10,5 t/ha in average). Phalaris arundinacea had the lowest DM yield (6,35 t/ha) but not statistically lower than Bromus inermis, Festuca rubra, and all three Dactylis glomerata cultivars, Lolium westerwoldicum and Phleum pratense cv. Bilbo (7,12 t/ha in average). The highest DM yields determined in the year 2001 were obtained from Festuca rubra, Phalaris arundinacea, Bromus inermis, Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata cv. Okay, cv. Baraula, cv. Amba, Lolium perenne cv. Pimpernel, (14,9 t/ha in average). The lowest DM yield had Lolium westerwoldicum and Lolium multiflorum (9,8 t/ha in average). Phalaris arundinacea had the highest DM yield (12,89 t/ha) in 2002. followed by Bromus inermis and Dactylis glomerata cultivars with 20% lower DM yield than Phalaris arundinacea, and Lolium westerwoldicum and Phleum pratense cv. Bilbo which had 24% lower DM yield, while both Lolium perenne cultivars had about 30% lower DM yield in comparison with Phalaris arundinacea. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between cultivars for all the chemical parameters investigated except fort nitrogen free extract (NFE). The highest crude protein (CP) concentration was observed in Bromus inermis, Lolium multiflorum cv. Bofur, Dactylis glomerata cultivars, Phalaris arundinacea, Festuca pratensis, Lolium westerwoldicum, Phleum pratense cv. Bilbo (24,78% in average). Significantly the lowest crude fibre (CF) was determined in Lolium westerwoldicum (18,07%), Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum and Phalaris arundinacea (19,7% in average). The highest ground cover and the lowest variations over the investigation period were determined for Lolium perenne cv. Pimpernel, both Phleum pratense cultivars and Dactylis glomerata cv. Amba and Okay.
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