This work presents a new toolkit for describing the acoustic properties of the ocean environment before, during and after a sound event caused by an underwater seismic air-gun. The toolkit uses ...existing sound measures, but uniquely applies these to capture the early time period (actual pulse) and late time period (reverberation and multiple arrivals). In total, 183 features are produced for each air-gun sound. This toolkit was utilized on data retrieved from a field deployment encompassing five marine autonomous recording units during a 46-day seismic air-gun survey in Baffin Bay, Greenland. Using this toolkit, a total of 147 million data points were identified from the Greenland deployment recordings. The feasibility of extracting a large number of features was then evaluated using two separate methods: a serial computer and a high performance system. Results indicate that data extraction performance took an estimated 216 hours for the serial system, and 18 hours for the high performance computer. This paper provides an analytical description of the new toolkit along with details for using it to identify relevant data.
This paper discusses a new algorithm, called the acoustic data-mining accelerator (ADA), which was developed to mine large sound archives for signals of interest including animal vocalizations. ...Background information on the development of ADA is provided, summarizing various projects that have utilized this technology since 2009. Performance was evaluated by comparing runtimes and efficiency metrics for two marine mammal detection algorithms that were applied to a 3-week single channel acoustic data set (sampled at 192 kHz and with 16 bit resolution). A total of four configurations (1, 8, 16 and 64 workers) demonstrated processing scalability. Results showed that each detection algorithm successfully processed the data set in all four configurations without changing the ADA algorithm. The fastest case (64 workers), had a total runtime performance of 1.5 hours; making the ADA 13 times more efficient than the serial case. Using a single worker it took more than 18 hours to process the same 3-week data set. Concurrent processing of both data-mining algorithms using 64 workers showed the highest efficiency gain (23x) compared to sequentially processing the data with a single worker.
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In 2009 two calibrated acoustic recorders were deployed in polar waters of the North Atlantic to study the seasonal occurrence of blue, fin, and sperm whales and to assess current ambient noise ...levels. Sounds from these cetaceans were recorded at both locations in most months of the year. During the summer months, seismic airguns associated with oil and gas exploration were audible for weeks at a time and dominated low frequency noise levels. Noise levels might further increase in the future as the receding sea ice enables extended human use of the area.
We thank our sponsors the Marine Mammal Commission, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant No. 2010-0073-003), and the NOAA Vents Program. This is PMEL Contribution No. 3819.
This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Acoustical Society of America and can be found at: http://asadl.org/jasa/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.
This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plosone.org/home.action. To the best of our knowledge, one or ...more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.
This work was supported by Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) grants N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047, and Office of NavalResearch (ONR) grants N00014-08-1-0309, N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, and N00014-08-1-1198. Cascadia Research Collective satellite tagging work wassupported by the U.S. Navy (N45) through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/SWFSC) and by the Wild Whale Research Foundation (WWRF). NPS:http://www.nps.edu ONR: http://www.onr.navy.mil N45: http://www.navy.mil/local/n45 NOAA/SWFSC: http://swfsc.noaa.gov WWRF: http://www.wildwhaleresearch.org.
In most areas, estimating the presence and distribution of cryptic marine mammal species, such as beaked whales, isextremely difficult using traditional observational techniques such as ship-based visual line transect surveys. Becauseacoustic methods permit detection of animals underwater, at night, and in poor weather conditions, passive acousticobservation has been used increasingly often over the last decade to study marine mammal distribution, abundance, andmovements, as well as for mitigation of potentially harmful anthropogenic effects. However, there is demand for new, cost-effectivetools that allow scientists to monitor areas of interest autonomously with high temporal and spatial resolution innear-real time. Here we describe an autonomous underwater vehicle – a glider – equipped with an acoustic sensor andonboard data processing capabilities to passively scan an area for marine mammals in near-real time. The glider was testedextensively off the west coast of the Island of Hawai’i, USA. The instrument covered approximately 390 km during threeweeks at sea and collected a total of 194 h of acoustic data. Detections of beaked whales were successfully reported toshore in near-real time. Manual analysis of the recorded data revealed a high number of vocalizations of delphinids andsperm whales. Furthermore, the glider collected vocalizations of unknown origin very similar to those made by knownspecies of beaked whales. The instrument developed here can be used to cost-effectively screen areas of interest for marinemammals for several months at a time. The near-real-time detection and reporting capabilities of the glider can help toprotect marine mammals during potentially harmful anthropogenic activities such as seismic exploration for sub-sea fossilfuels or naval sonar exercises. Furthermore, the glider is capable of under-ice operation, allowing investigation of otherwiseinaccessible polar environments that are critical habitats for many endangered marine mammal species.
Marine sound, natural or anthropogenic, has long fascinated scientists, mariners, and the general public. The haunting songs of humpback whales and the pings of antisubmarine sonar, among other ...sounds from the oceans, convey allure and suspense.
Recently, that suspense has moved from television screens to courtrooms, where navies, scientists, and environmentalists have clashed over the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammals Malakoff, 2002. Triggered by atypical mass strandings of primarily beaked whales in concordance with naval sonar exercises off Greece in 1996 and the Bahamas in 2000, substantial efforts to obtain baseline data to understand the possible effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammals have commenced. Recent advances include dive and vocalization records of beaked whales Johnson et al., 2004 and detailed observations of the behavioral response of sperm whales on seismic signals Jochens et al., 2006.
Department of Energy Award Number DE-FG36-08GO18179, Northwest National Marine RenewableEnergy Center (NNMREC), The Northwest Electromagnetics and Acoustics Research Laboratory (NEARLab.) at Portland ...State University
In this report we present results of a sound propagation modeling study off thecoast of Newport, OR. Preliminary acoustic experimental data was also collected by anunderwater glider equipped with a hydrophone to measure sound levels in a short transectperpendicular to the coast and away from a sound source. A propagation model was usedto simulate the arrivals recorded by the glider’s hydrophone and results were compared tothe experimental data. Optimal experimental setup for future measurements using a glideris suggested.
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