Neuralgia trójdzielna należy do najcięższych bólów w obrębie twarzy. Choć została opisana przez wielu badaczy, dzisiaj nazywa się ją chorobą Fothergilla, co upamiętnia przedstawienie neuralgii ...trójdzielnej przez tego uczonego w 1773 roku. Zachorowalność jest oceniana na 2–5/100 tys. osób, częściej chorują kobiety. Nerw trójdzielny to nerw czuciowo-ruchowy, który wspólnie z nerwami językowo-gardłowym i błędnym, nerwami podpotylicznym, potylicznymi mniejszymi i większymi oraz nerwem usznym wielkim unerwia skórę głowy. Włókna przewodzące bodźce bólowe przez zwój nerwu trójdzielnego kończą się w jądrze rdzeniowym, skąd przez jądra wzgórza docierają do kory czuciowej, układu limbicznego i wyspy. Przyczyn bólu w neuralgii upatruje się w uszkodzeniu włókien czuciowych grubych Aβ i powstałych ogniskach ektopowego pobudzenia – przenoszonego na uszkodzone strukturalnie włókna cienkie Aδ i C w obrębie połączeń zwanych efapsami. Neuralgię trójdzielną dzieli się na klasyczną i objawową. Obie postacie charakteryzują się napadami bólu o typie rażenia prądem elektrycznym, trwającymi od kilku sekund do dwóch minut. Ból najczęściej dotyczy obszaru unerwionego przez drugą i trzecią gałąź nerwu trójdzielnego, czyli nerw szczękowy i żuchwowy. Cechą charakterystyczną są strefy spustowe, których drażnienie przez bodźce niebólowe wywołuje napad neuralgii. Leczenie neuralgii trójdzielnej obejmuje postępowanie zachowawcze i chirurgiczne. W leczeniu zachowawczym złotym standardem jest stosowanie karbamazepiny lub okskarbazepiny. W przypadku niepowodzenia można włączyć baklofen, lamotryginę albo inny lek używany w leczeniu padaczki. Spośród metod chirurgicznych najczęściej stosuje się: odbarczenie konfliktu naczyniowo-nerwowego, ucisk zwoju troistego balonem, przezskórną blokadę zwoju Gassera glicerolem, przecięcie włókien zazwojowych nerwu trójdzielnego falami radiowymi i stereotaktyczną radiochirurgię (gamma knife).
This volume contains the critical edition of the Latin elegies written by the most important poet of the Polish Renaissance, as well as a philological commentary . The comment, in particular, does ...not only refer to the collection of similia, but also analyses Jan Kochanowski’s ways of “imitatio” (imitation), underlining his extraordinary poetic skills as well as his vibrant and lively relationship with classical texts, which he reuses cleverly to satisfy his own needs for meaning.
This volume contains the critical edition of the Latin elegies written by the most important poet of the Polish Renaissance, as well as a philological commentary . The comment, in particular, does ...not only refer to the collection of similia, but also analyses Jan Kochanowski’s ways of “imitatio” (imitation), underlining his extraordinary poetic skills as well as his vibrant and lively relationship with classical texts, which he reuses cleverly to satisfy his own needs for meaning.
Balance disorders are one of the main symptoms in parkinson's Disease (PD)-patients have a tendency to fall, related traumas and also a significant restriction of mobility. Numerous tools may be used ...to evaluate the balance, but it is difficult to choose the proper one. The aim of this review was to compare simple diagnostic tools for PD and emphasize those characterized by a high reliability and sensitivity.
The global literature search was conducted in PubMED, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for publications in English and Polish.
According to the literature some scales and functional tests in which clinimetric properties had been assessed in PD population were selected and described.
Basing on current knowledge, psychometric properties, and clinical experience, the authors suggest the BESTest with its shortened versions and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale to be used for comprehensive balance assessment of parkinson's disease patients. These tests are easy in administration, not time-consuming and provide a professional diagnosis allowing to plan individual therapy for the patient being examined.
It has been observed that in some people in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) there is a tendency to shift the body weight towards the side more affected by the disease and a tendency to ...spontaneous movements of the upper and/or lower limbs (not covered by the neurological syndrome). The purposes of this study were: to define the kind of behavior observed, and to select symptoms which can predict its occurrence. Participants (n = 222) hospitalized due to first-time IS were assigned to three groups. A: 78 patients with no lateralization of the neurological syndrome (lateralization of the neurological syndrome-LoNS); B: 109 patients with LoNS; O+ group: 35 patients, who at the beginning of hospitalization presented, apart from LoNS, characteristic motor symptoms performed by the less affected side. Patients underwent therapy depending on the neurological symptoms. If the patient showed potential symptoms of a new phenomenon, overactivity of the less affected side (OLAS), a trial therapy (focused on this behavior) was used to confirm it. The predictive symptoms, selected among these from the index day, for the occurrence of OLAS in sitting were distinguished: asymmetry in supine posture and simple, repetitive movements of the nonparetic upper extremity.
The COVID-19 pandemic causes increased mental stress and decreased mobility, which may affect people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study aimed to investigate the secondary impact of the COVID-19 ...pandemic on the level of activity, quality of life (QoL) and PD-related symptoms. The respondents completed an online survey in Polish in the period from December, 2020 to June, 2021. The questionnaire was completed by 47 participants aged 43 to 90 years (mean 72.1 ± 1.3 years). A total of 94% reported reduced contact with family and friends. Over 90% remained active during the pandemic. However, 55% of people with PD showed subjectively lower level of activity then before the pandemic. Moreover, 36% of the respondents felt afraid to visit a doctor and reported problems with access to medication. Subjective QoL reduction was reported by 80%, and 83% declared worsening of PD symptoms. The post pandemic deterioration of motor symptoms in people with PD did not affect their QoL. However, the deterioration of contacts and feelings of isolation had a significant impact on the decline in quality of life (
= 0.022 and
= 0.009, respectively) and the presence of anxiety (
= 0.035 and
= 0.007, respectively). These results may indicate than greater importance of social and mental factors than fitness and health-related factors in the QoL self-assessment of the people with PD.
Chemokine CX3CL1 is unique, possessing the ability to act as a dual agent: chemoattractant and adhesive compound. Acting via its sole receptor CX3CR1, CX3CL1 participates in many processes in human ...placental tissue, including inflammation and angiogenesis. Strongly upregulated by hypoxia and/or inflammation-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion, CX3CL1 may act locally as a key angiogenic factor. Both clinical observations and histopathological studies of the diabetic placenta have confirmed an increased incidence of hypoxia and inflammatory reactions with defective angiogenesis. In this study we examined comparatively (diabetes class C complicated versus normal pregnancy) the correlation between CX3CL1 content in placental tissue, the mean CX3CR1 expression, and density of the network of placental microvessels. A sandwich enzyme immunoassay was applied for CX3CL1 measurement in placental tissue homogenates, whereas quantitative immunohistochemical techniques were used for the assessment of CX3CR1 expression and the microvascular density. Significant differences have been observed for all analyzed parameters between the groups. The mean concentration of CX3CL1 in diabetes was increased and accompanied by augmented placental microvessel density as well as a higher expression of CX3CR1. In conclusion, we suggest involvement of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in the pathomechanism of placental microvasculature remodeling in diabetes class C.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to identify the role of market dynamism in the relationship between market orientation and the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) ...operating in technology parks (TPs) in Poland. Methodology: The two methods used for performing the quantitative empirical research are CAWI and PAPI. The research sample included MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. The article is the answer to the needs for systematic research of models between market orientation and firm performance. Findings: The research findings provide an insight into the level of market orientation and performance of the analyzed MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. It was found that MSMEs in the research sample were not a homogeneous group in this respect. It has been proven that market orientation is a significant stimulant of firm performance, while market dynamism has not been classified as a moderator of the market orientation–firm performance relationship. Implications for theory and practice: This study contributes to strategic management by identifying the key role of market orientation for enterprises wishing to benefit from this type of strategic orientation. The important role of the predictor – market orientation in shaping the results of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating at TPs in Poland has been proven. In practice, this means that increasing the level of market orientation is conducive to increasing positively assessed financial performance. Originality and value: Our research carried out at MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland enriches and supplements knowledge about market orientation as a phenomenon of universal character because it also applies to smaller sized business organizations.
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