This book provides an overview of Bronze Age societies of Western Eurasia through an investigation of the archaeological record. The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia outlines the long-term processes and ...patterns of interaction that link these groups together in a shared historical trajectory of development. Interactions took the form of the exchange of raw materials and finished goods, the spread and sharing of technologies, and the movements of peoples from one region to another. Kohl reconstructs economic activities from subsistence practices to the production and exchange of metals and other materials. Kohl also argues forcefully that the main task of the archaeologist should be to write culture-history on a spatially and temporally grand scale in an effort to detect large, macrohistorical processes of interaction and shared development.
A review essay covering books by: 1) Philippe Beaujard, Les mondes de l'ocean Indien/Tome 1, De la formation de l'Etat au premier systeme-monde afro-eurasien (4e millenaire av J-C-6e siecle apr. ...J.-C.) (2012); 2) Philippe Beaujard, Les mondes de l'ocean Indien/Tome 2, Les mondes de l'ocean Indien: L'ocean Indien, au coeur des globalisations de l'Ancien Monde (7e-15e siecles) (2012).
Nationalism requires the elaboration of a real or invented remote past. This
review considers how archaeological data are manipulated for nationalist
purposes, and it discusses the development of ...archaeology during the nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries and the relationship of archaeology to
nation-building, particularly in Europe. Contrastive conceptions of nationality
and ethnicity are presented, and it is argued that adoption of modern
constructivist perspectives is incompatible with attempting to identify
ethnic/national groups solely on the basis of archaeological evidence. The
political uses of archaeology are also reviewed for the construction of
national identities in immigrant and postcolonial states. The problematic
nature of nationalistic interpretations of the archaeological record is
discussed, and the essay concludes with a consideration of the professional and
ethical responsibilities of archaeologists confronted with such
interpretations.
Nature and Antiquities analyzes how the study of indigenous peoples was linked to the study of nature and natural sciences. Leading scholars break new ground and entreat archaeologists to acknowledge ...the importance of ways of knowing in the study of nature in the history of archaeology.
When political geography changes, how do reorganized or newly formed states justify their rule and create a sense of shared history for their people? Often, the essays in Selective Remembrances ...reveal, they turn to archaeology, employing the field and its findings to develop nationalistic feelings and forge legitimate distinctive national identities. Examining such relatively new or reconfigured nation-states as Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Israel, Russia, Ukraine, India, and Thailand, Selective Remembrances shows how states invoke the remote past to extol the glories of specific peoples or prove claims to ancestral homelands. Religion has long played a key role in such efforts, and the contributors take care to demonstrate the tendency of many people, including archaeologists themselves, to view the world through a religious lens—which can be exploited by new regimes to suppress objective study of the past and justify contemporary political actions. The wide geographic and intellectual range of the essays in Selective Remembrances will make it a seminal text for archaeologists and historians.
This paper summarizes current understanding of the emergence, nature and subsequent southwestern and southeastern spread of the Early Transcaucasian (ETC) or Kura-Araxes 'culture-historical ...community' (Russian: obshchnost') and then places this complex cultural phenomenon in the context of the larger Early Bronze Age world of the Ancient Near East and the western Eurasian steppes.
En este artículo distingo entre perspectivas evolucionistas e históricas sobre el pasado, adoptando el concepto de “ámbitos sociales” para defender una interpretación macrohistórica del registro ...arqueológico. La unidad de análisis no es una cultura o civilización arqueológica sino los grupos sociales implicados de manera inextricable con otros grupos en interconexiones reticulares en las que las tecnologías son difundidas y modificadas por otros grupos atrapados en esos mismos procesos. Tales interconexiones pueden ser trazadas mejor arqueológicamente examinando la expansión de las tecnologías y las prácticas subsistenciales. Otras perspectivas macrohistóricas sobre el pasado, como el análisis de los sistemas mundiales, a menudo exigen demasiado del registro arqueológico y son empleadas de manera anacrónica. La Prehistoria documenta la siempre creciente participación de los grupos en ámbitos sociales que, finalmente, convergen. Concluyo haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de una perspectiva acerca del pasado que resalte su naturaleza compartida en la que todos los pueblos han contribuido a las interacciones con sus vecinos y se han beneficiado de ellas.
All articles were reviewed in detail to identify information on demographics of the vaccinee, previous vaccination status, a clinical description of PV including the time course post immunization, ...and immunologic impairment. Because of limitations of published literature addressing vaccinia virus AEFI case definitions and guidelines, and because the more recent smallpox vaccination experience did not result in a case of PV for further study, this working group relied particularly heavily on consultations with experts from previous vaccination programs for selected criteria during the development of the document and for an overall review of the final draft as well as on expert immunologists for the identification of current immunocompromising conditions. See PDF a Primary immunodeficiency Ataxia-telangiectasia Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Cartilage-hair hypoplasia Complete DiGeorge syndrome DiGeorge syndrome with low T cells Hyper-IgE syndrome Interferon-gamma/IL-12 pathway deficiencies Mucocutaneous candidiasis Severe combined immunodeficiency All variants including reticular dysgenesis, and cellular immunodeficiency (Nezelof variant) Wiskott Aldrich syndrome X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome  Secondary immunodeficiencies AIDS Aplastic anemia Cirrhosis Diabetes Drugs and radiation HIV positivity with somewhat low T cells Lupus erythematosus Lymphoma, leukemia, histiocytosis, cancer on treatment Nephrosis Newborn, particularly premature for first 3 months of life Post stem-cell transplant off of immunosuppressive therapy Post-stem cell or solid organ transplant on chemotherapy Pregnancy Protein-losing enteropathy Sarcoidosis Severe malnutrition with kwashiorkor, marasmus or low T cells Uremia  Therapy related immunodeficiency Combined chemotherapy for cancer, lymphoma, leukemia High dose corticosteroids High dose cyclosporin, cytoxan imuran, 6MP, mycophenylate etc.
Additionally, multiple general medical, pediatric and infectious disease text books were searched as were case definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ...(http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/clinicians.asp#ae) 9 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 10, and reviews 11-14 and references employed to develop these working definitions. Each article was summarized to include information on the type of study and a description of the event thought to have been a RT. Because of the scarcity of published literature addressing vaccinia virus AEFI case definitions and guidelines, this working group relied particularly heavily on consultations with experts for selected criteria during the development of the document and for an overall review of the final draft.
Cet article passe en revue les recherches menées sur le Complexe du Bronze ancien de Velikent et sur les sites liés à la culture de Velikent, établis sur la plaine côtière de la rive ouest de la mer ...Caspienne, au Daghestan (Russie) et, plus au sud, dans le nord-est de l’Azerbaïdjan. Des prospections ont montré que cette plaine littorale fut occupée de façon dense pour la première fois au milieu du 4e millénaire, par une population qui utilisait déjà le tour de potier pour façonner des céramiques cuites à haute température et qui était capable de fondre, couler, et vraisemblablement de créer des alliages de bronze pour des outils, des armes et des parures. Les analyses techniques du mobilier de Velikent et des sites apparentés sont présentées brièvement, tout comme les descriptions et illustrations du mobilier des tombes collectives et des établissements de Velikent. L’article définit une ‘ Culture de Velikent’ spécifi que, qui est reliée à la Communauté culturelle et historique Kura-Araxe, mais qui en diffère suffi samment pour justifier sa propre appellation en tant que culture archéologique.
This article reviews investigations of the Velikent Early Bronze Age Complex and related sites on the West Caspian Coastal Plain of Daghestan, Russia, extending south into Northeastern Azerbaijan. Survey work has determined that this littoral plain was fi rst densely occupied in the middle of the 4th millennium by peoples who already used a potter’s wheel to finish highly fired wares and who were able to melt, cast, and possibly alloy bronze tools, weapons, and ornaments. Technical analyses of materials from Velikent and Velikent related sites are briefly presented, as are the descriptions and illustrations of materials from the Velikent collective tombs and settlements. The article defines a distinct ‘ Velikent Culture’ that is related to the Kura-Araxes Cultural-Historical Community but sufficiently different from it to warrant its own designation as an archaeological culture.
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