Three groups of subjects have been studied: the first group with sterile urine, the second with significant bacteriuria without antibody-coated bacteria and the third with significant bacteriuria ...with antibody-coated. IgG, IgA, IgM and transferrin were determined by immunological methods (partigen plates). The antibody coating was determined by immunofluorescence. Subcultures were prepared from the urine samples containing bacteria. The bacteria obtained from the subcultures were then incubated with the original urine which had been sterilised by passing through a filter. These were then treated with AH-IgG containing fluorescein. Serum was taken from several patients and incubated with the bacteria from the subcultures. These were also treated with AH-IgG fluorescein. In no case could specific antibodies against the infecting organisms be found, although IgG in the urine were elevated and specific antibodies were present in the serum. This leads to the conclusion that specific antibodies are formed by direct tissue contact of the bacteria and that coating is not established in the urine itself.
The odour bouquet of three pine engraver beetles (Ips spp.) Francke, W. (Hamburg Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Organische Chemie); Pan, M.-L; Bartels, J ...
Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie,
(1986), Letnik:
101, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Nearly 50 volatile compounds are identified from hindguts of the pine engraver Ips acuminatus, I. sexdentatus and I. lecontei. Among these, alpha-phellandren-8-ol, ipsdienon, ipsenon and others are ...described from bark beetles for the first time. The quantitative composition of the odour bouquet of both sexes largely depends on the phase of colonization; after the initial phase of attack, they are particularly rich in oxidized monoterpenes. I. acuminatus and I. lecontei contain the male specific terpene alcohols (+)-ipsdienol and (-)-ipsenol in high optical purity while I. sexdentatus produces racemates. Racemic ipsdienol proves attractive to I. sexdentatus under field conditions, but does not seem to promote the subsequent steps in colonization such as landing or penetrating the bark
