The antiviral effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), belonging to the same Hapadna virus family as human hepatitis B virus (HBV), was studied using duck hepatocyte primary ...culture. GL showed an antiviral effect against DHBV at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml without cytotoxity agaist the hepatocytes. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) was 0.46mg/ml. With regard to the mechanism of the antiviral effect, it is considered that GL has inhibitory effects on the absorption, penetration and release of virus particles but does not inhibit the virus replication in the hepatocytes nor directly inactivates the virus particles. The antiviral effect of GL against DHBV proved to be weak at a concentration of 0.25mg/ml. Considering that this concentration is higher than the clinical dose, it is suggested that the anti-HBV effect of GL is very weak at the clinical dose.
A study was made on the various effects of neonatal thymectomy (NTx) on hepatic injury induced by intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) one week after administration of heat-killed ...Propionibacterium acnes in A/J mice. Spleen cells of non-thymectomized or NTx donor mice with hepatitis were transferred to normal or NTx recipient mice to determine whether passive transfer of hepatitis would be possible. No difference could be observed in the mortality rate within 24 hours after LPS injection, serum GPT level and histological changes in the liver during the acute stage between the two groups. However, in the chronic stage, mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal area was more severe in NTx mice than in normal mice and the levels of autoantibody to liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) and serum GPT were higher in the former than the latter. Passive transfer of hepatitis was possible only when spleen cells of NTx donor mice with hepatitis were transferred to NTx recipient mice. These results suggest that spleen cells are more weakly sensitized to LSP in non-thymectomized donor mice with hepatitis and that passive transfer of hepatitis by sensitized spleen cells is suppressed in normal recipient mice. More severe hepatitis in the chronic stage in NTx mice is considered to be attributable to defective suppressor function induced by NTx.
Peritoneoscopic and histological findings in four cases with sever acute hepatitis were studied. Patients in case 1, 2, 3 who recovered from acute liver failure rapidly had almost smooth liver ...surface and histological findings showing acute hepatitis with spotty and bridging necrosis. Their peritoneoscopic and histological findings were similar to those of fulminant hepatitis (acute type). Patient in case 4 who recovered from liver failure more slowly had potato like liver. His peritoneoscopic and histological findings were similar to those of fulminant hepatitis (subacute type). Peritoneoscopic and histological findings may suggest that two types with different mechanisms of hepatic necrosis and regeneration exist in severe acute hepatitis.
To evaluate the various influences of neonatal thymectomy on galactosamine (Gal-N) induced tiver injury in A/J mice, we serially observed histological changes in the liver and serum autoantibody to ...liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) in normal mice, mice thymectamized 2-3 days after birth (Tx 2-3 mice), and those thyrnectornized 5 days after birth (Tx 5 mice). In the normal and Tx 2-3 mice, massive hepatocyte necrosis was observed in the acute stage. Then in the normal mice, hepatitis healed 1 week after Gal-N administration, and autoantibody to LSP was always negative. However, in Tx 2-3 mice, considerable mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal area was frequently observed even 3 months after Gal-N administration, and the serum level of autoantibody to LSP remained high. On the other hand, Tx 5 mice showed findings similar to those in the normal mice. These results suggest that healing of Gal-N induced liver injury is delayed by thymectomy 2-3 days after birth due to sensitization with LSP preparations.
Using an autoimmune hepatitis model of A/J mice, which was prepared with immunization of syngeneic liver proteins, we adoptivery transferred spleen cells of normal mice or neonatally thymectomized ...mice (NTx) to NTx recipients before immunization and evaluated its influences on experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Mitogen induced transformation and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity were meseaured in spleen cells of NTx mice or normal mice. PHA or ConA induced transformation and IL-2 activity were reduced in spleen cells of NTx mice. Liver damage, serum GPT level, production of auto-antibody to liver-specific membrane lipoprotein were reduced and delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivatives was promoted by adoptive transfer of normal murine spleen cells. But the spleen cells of NTx mice showed no such effects. These results suggest that normal spleen cells possess the capability of suppressing autoimmune hepatitis and T-cell dysfunction by NTx contributes to the promotion of autoimmune hepatitis.
Comparative study of the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) and glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism was carried out in rats with D-galactosamine (GalN) induced hepatitis. It was showed that ...DBcAMP was more effective on gluconeogenesis than that glucagon. On the contrary, it was showed that glucagon was more effective on glycogenolysis than that DBcAMP, suggesting the different mechanism between DBcAMP and glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism in GalN treated rats. These data suggest the effects of DBcAMP on the prevention of disturbance of hepatic carbohydrate and energy metabolism in rats with GalN induced hepatitis.
The examination for industrialization of MgO-CaO-Al2O3-NiO system catalyst and the betterment of this catalyst in using for the catalytic cracking of heavy oil and the partial combustion reaction of ...naphtha was carried out. As the results, the following facts was clarified. 1) In the case of catalytic cracking of heavy oil by using MgO-CaO-Al2O3-NiO sistem catalyst, the town gas of calorific values of 5000-5500 kcal/m3 and hydrogen content of 40% or more was produced under the conditions of reaction temperature of 900-950°C, space velocity of 1.0, steam/oil ratio of 1.0 and thermal yields of 700 JHU or more as shown Table 6. 2) In the case of partial combustion reaction of naphtha by using the betterment catalyst, the town gas of calorific values of 3500kcal/m3 and hydrogen contents of 35% was prodused under the conditions of air/oil ratio (m3/1) of 1.0 and thermal yields of 700 JHU as shown in Table 7. 3) MgO-CaO-Al2O3-NiO system catalyst and the betterment catalyst as the basic nickel catalyst for the catalytic cracking of heavy oil and the partial combustion reaction of naptha were succeeded for industrial use.
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