DevOpsis a collaborative and multidisciplinary organizational effort to automate continuous delivery of new software updates while guaranteeing their correctness and reliability. The present survey ...investigates and discusses DevOps challenges from the perspective of engineers, managers, and researchers. We review the literature and develop a DevOps conceptual map, correlating the DevOps automation tools with these concepts. We then discuss their practical implications for engineers, managers, and researchers. Finally, we critically explore some of the most relevant DevOps challenges reported by the literature.
Resulting from the digital revolution of the last decades, multiple startup hubs flourished across the globe in the past 10 years. Healthy environments for the development of innovative, nascent ...digital enterprises require a well-balanced variety of agents and supporting processes, which we collectively call a software startup ecosystem. These ecosystems are fundamental for the insertion of countries in the digital economy of the twenty-first century. However, having all the elements that compose such environments in the most advanced and prolific state is difficult and relatively rare. In this paper, we show that startup ecosystems can evolve over time passing through a sequence of maturity level stages. For that, we introduce a maturity model for software startup ecosystems based on systematic qualitative research around a multiple case study we conducted across three ecosystems. The study was carried out over 4 years and included an extensive array of data collection mechanisms such as literature reviews, expert interviews, and observations in three relevant ecosystems (Tel-Aviv, São Paulo, and New York); all collected data were analyzed with techniques based on Grounded Theory, resulting in a conceptual framework of software startup ecosystems. Finally, we developed a maturity model for startup ecosystems, which helps us understand their evolution and dynamics. Moreover, it can serve as a basis for stakeholders in less mature ecosystems to analyze their environment, identify weak spots, and propose policies and practical actions for improving their ecosystems over time.
Autonomous vehicles will transform urban mobility. However, before being fully implemented, autonomous vehicles will navigate cities in mixed-traffic roads, negotiating traffic with human-driven ...vehicles. In this work, we simulate a system of autonomous vehicles co-existing with human-driven vehicles, analyzing the consequences of system design choices. The system consists of a network of arterial roads with exclusive lanes for autonomous vehicles where they can travel in platoons. This paper presents the evaluation of this system in realistic scenarios evaluating the impacts of the system on travel time using mesoscopic traffic simulation. We used real data from the metropolis of São Paulo to create the simulation scenarios. The results show that the proposed system would bring reductions to the average travel time of the city commuters and other benefits such as the reduction of the space required to handle all the traffic.
► Proposes a theoretical framework that integrates most of the free software literature. ► Expands the notion of contributors of open source projects to include users and visitors roles. ► Defines ...and measures the concept of free software attractiveness to visitors, developers and users. ► Higher attractiveness leads to more source code contributions but slows down production pace. ► Attractiveness is a common cause of visits, downloads and members, easing their management and study.
As firms increasingly sanction an open sourcing strategy, the question of which open source project to undertake remains tentative. The lack of established metrics makes it difficult to formulate such strategy. While many projects have been formed and created, only a few managed to remain active. With the majority of these projects failing, firms need a reliable set of criteria to assess what makes a project appealing not only to developers but also to visitors, users and commercial sponsors. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to explore the contextual and causal factors of project attractiveness in inducing activities such as source code contribution, software maintenance, and usage. We test our model with data derived from more than 4000 projects spanning 4years. Our main findings include that projects’ set of conditions such as license restrictiveness and their available resources provide the context that directly influence the amount of work activities observed in the projects. It was also found that indirect and unintended contributions such as recommending software, despite of being non-technical, cannot be ignored for project activeness, diffusion and sustainability. Finally, our analysis provide evidence that higher attractiveness leads to more code-related activities with the downside of slowing down responsiveness to address projects’ tasks, such as the implementation of new features and bug fixes. Our model underscores the significance of the reinforcing effects of attractiveness and work activities in open source projects, giving us the opportunity to discuss strategies to manage common traps such as the liability of newness. We conclude by discussing the applicability of the research model to other user-led initiatives.
Contextualizing spectrum-based fault localization de Souza, Higor A.; Mutti, Danilo; Chaim, Marcos L. ...
Information and software technology,
February 2018, 2018-02-00, Letnik:
94
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Context: Fault localization is among the most expensive tasks in software development. Spectrum-based fault localization (SFL) techniques seek to pinpoint faulty program elements (e.g., statements), ...by sorting them only by their suspiciousness scores. Developers tend to fall back on another debugging strategy if they do not find the bug in the first positions of a suspiciousness list.
Objective: In this study, we assess techniques to contextualize code inspection whose goal is two-fold: to provide guidance during fault localization, and to improve the effectiveness of SFL techniques in classifying bugs within the first picks. Code Hierarchy (CH) and Integration Coverage-based Debugging (ICD) techniques provide a search roadmap—a list of methods—that guide the developer toward faults. CH assigns a method with the highest suspiciousness score of its blocks, and ICD captures method call relationships from testing to establish the roadmap. Two new filtering strategies—Fixed Budget (FB) and Level Score (LS)—are combined with ICD and CH for reducing the amount of blocks to inspect in each method.
Method: We evaluated the effectiveness of ICD, CH, FB, LS, and a suspiciousness block list (BL) on 62 bugs from 7 real programs.
Results: ICD and CH using FB found more faults inspecting less blocks than BL with statistical significance. More than 50% of the faults were found inspecting at most 10 blocks using ICD-FB and CH-FB. Moreover, ICD and CH located 70% of the faults by inspecting, at most, 4 methods.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the contextualization provided by roadmaps and filtering strategies is useful for guiding developers toward faults and improves the performance of SFL techniques.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 12th International Middleware Conference, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2011. The 22 revised full papers presented ...together with 2 industry papers and an invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 125 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on social networks, storage and performance management, green computing and resource management, notification and streaming, replication and caching, security and interoperability, and run-time (re)configuration and inspection.
Internet-based technologies such as IoT, GPS-based systems, and cellular networks enable the collection of geolocated mobility data of millions of people in large metropolitan areas. In addition, ...large, public datasets are made available on the Internet by open government programs, providing ways for citizens, NGOs, scientists, and public managers to perform a multitude of data analysis with the goal of better understanding the city dynamics to provide means for evidence-based public policymaking. However, it is challenging to visualize huge amounts of data from mobility datasets. Plotting raw trajectories on a map often causes data occlusion, impairing the visual analysis. Displaying the multiple attributes that these trajectories come with is an even larger challenge. One approach to solve this problem is trail bundling, which groups motion trails that are spatially close in a simplified representation. In this paper, we augment a recent bundling technique to support multi-attribute trail datasets for the visual analysis of urban mobility. Our case study is based on the travel survey from the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, which is one of the most intense traffic areas in the world. The results show that bundling helps the identification and analysis of various mobility patterns for different data attributes, such as peak hours, social strata, and transportation modes.
Over the past 20 years, software startups have created many products that have changed human life. Since these companies are creating brand-new products or services, requirements are difficult to ...gather and highly volatile. Although scientific interest in software development in this context has increased, the studies on requirements engineering in software startups are still scarce and mostly focused on elicitation activities.
This study overcomes this gap by answering how requirements engineering practices are performed in this context.
We conducted a grounded theory study based on 17 interviews with software startups practitioners.
We constructed a model to show that software startups do not follow a single set of practices but, instead, build a custom process, changed throughout the development of the company, combining different practices according to a set of influences (Founders, Software Development Manager, Developers, Market, Business Model and Startup Ecosystem).
Our findings show that requirements engineering activities in software startups are similar to those in agile teams, but some steps vary as a consequence of the lack of an accessible customer.
Software Platforms for Smart Cities Santana, Eduardo Felipe Zambom; Chaves, Ana Paula; Gerosa, Marco Aurelio ...
ACM computing surveys,
11/2018, Letnik:
50, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Information and communication technologies (ICT) can be instrumental in progressing towards smarter city environments, which improve city services, sustainability, and citizens’ quality of life. ...Smart City software platforms can support the development and integration of Smart City applications. However, the ICT community must overcome current technological and scientific challenges before these platforms can be widely adopted. This article surveys the state of the art in software platforms for Smart Cities. We analyzed 23 projects concerning the most used enabling technologies, as well as functional and non-functional requirements, classifying them into four categories: Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. Based on these results, we derived a reference architecture to guide the development of next-generation software platforms for Smart Cities. Finally, we enumerated the most frequently cited open research challenges and discussed future opportunities. This survey provides important references to help application developers, city managers, system operators, end-users, and Smart City researchers make project, investment, and research decisions.
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