Background
Peer support has been suggested as a promising approach for diabetes management. No conclusive evidence exists on the effects of peer support on self‐efficacy and quality of life in adults ...with type 2 diabetes.
Objective
To assess the effectiveness of peer support on self‐efficacy and the quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Design
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies.
Data sources
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Allied Health Literature database guide for relevant literatures from inception to 30 September 2017.
Review methods
The review was conducted according to the guidelines of Cochrane Collaboration. The outcomes were self‐efficacy and quality of life. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pooled results.
Results
A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results revealed that peer support did not significantly improve self‐efficacy and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes, but significantly improved self‐efficacy and quality of life in studies with intervention duration ≤6 months. There was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusion
Peer support intervention did not lead to better effects on the improvement in self‐efficacy and quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes. However, peer support with intervention duration not more than 6 months had positive effects on self‐efficacy and quality of life. More high‐quality studies with large sample size are needed to support or counter the results.
背景
有人建议将同伴支持作为一种有希望的糖尿病管理方法。但是,并不存在确凿证据足以证明同伴支持在2型糖尿病成年患者自我效能和生活质量方面的效果。
目的
评估同伴支持在2型糖尿病成年患者自我效能和生活质量方面的有效性。
设计
随机对照研究的系统性评价和荟萃分析。
数据来源
我们搜索了PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
从开始至2017年9月30日的相关文献的试验和联合健康文献数据库指南
综述方法
该评价按照科克伦协作组织指南进行。结果是自我效能和生活质量。并且,为汇集结果,计算标准平均差和95%置信区间。
结果
总共有15项研究满足纳入标准。汇集结果表明,同伴支持并不会显著提高2型糖尿病成年患者的自我效能和生活质量,但是,却在干预持续时间不超过6个月的研究方面显著提高了自我效能和生活质量。没有证据显示存在发表性偏倚情况。
结论
同伴支持干预并不会给2型糖尿病成年患者自我效能和生活质量的提升带来更好的效果。然而,在干预持续时间不超过6个月的情况下,同伴支持对自我效能和生活质量有着积极的效果。我们需要具有大样本量的更多高质量研究来支持或反驳该结果。
A low-power energy harvesting system targeting to harvest several milliwatts from vibration is presented in this paper. Several low-power design schemes to reduce power dissipation of the proposed ...system are described, and sources of power loss are analyzed to improve the power efficiency. A discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) flyback converter with the constant on-time modulation is adopted for our system. The DCM operation of a flyback converter is chosen as for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to be implemented with a single current sensor. The constant on-time modulation lowers the clock frequency of the controller by more than an order of magnitude for our system, which reduces the dynamic power dissipation of the controller. MPPT, executed by a microcontroller unit (MCU), is achieved through dynamic resistive matching, and the MPPT is executed at intermittent time intervals due to a relatively slow change of the operating condition. When MPPT is not active, the MCU operates at a lower clock frequency to save power. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system harvests up to 8.4 mW power under 0.5-g base acceleration with four parallel piezoelectric cantilevers and achieves 72% power efficiency around the resonant frequency of 47 Hz.
Finding a personalized nano theranostics solution, a nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and therapy, is among the top challenges of current medicinal science. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are ...permanent porous organic materials prepared by linking relatively rigid multidimensional organic building blocks. POP nanoparticles have a remarkable advantage for cancer theranostics owing to their specific physicochemical characteristics such as high surface area, convincing pore size engineering, stimuli-responsive degradability, negligible toxicity, open covalent post-synthesis modification possibilities
POPs have crystalline and non-crystalline characteristics; crystalline POPs are popularly known as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and have shown potential application across research areas in science. The early research and development on theranostics applications of nanoscale POPs has shown tremendous future potential for clinical translation. This tutorial review highlights the recently developed promising applications of nPOPs in drug loading, targeted delivery, endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive release, cancer imaging and combination therapy, regardless of their crystalline and poorly crystalline properties. The review will provide a platform for the future development and clinical translation of nPOPs by solving fundamental challenges of cancer nanomedicines in drug loading efficiency, size-optimization, biocompatibility, dispersibility and cell uptake ability.
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•Multimode ultrasound extraction raised the polysaccharide (LMP) yield efficiently.•The highest yield of LMP was achieved with 20/35 alternation ultrasound treatment.•The composition ...of LMP extracted by ultrasonic was arabinose, galactose, glucose.•Purified LMP treated with ultrasound exerted remarkable immunoregulatory activity.
This study evaluates the effect of multimodal ultrasound on the extraction efficiency and immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii Walp. (LMP). The separation and purification of maca polysaccharides were investigated by the DEAE-52 cellulose column, and the monosaccharide compositions were identified by HPGPC. Their immune activity was analyzed by the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) from RAW 264.7 macrophage. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were energy aggregation alternation dual-frequency ultrasound (EADU) with frequency combinations of 20/35, extraction time of 15 min, material/water ratio of 1:10 g/mL, ultrasonic power intensity of 150 W/L, intermittent time ratio of 4 s/3 s, and extraction temperature of 50 ℃. The extraction rates of purified polysaccharides (US3) increased by 44.90%. The LMP extracted by EADU contained arabinose, galactose, and glucose in the molar ratios of 2.9:2.72:5.05. In addition, US3 promoted the release of TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW 264.7 better than RS3 (purified polysaccharides extracted by hot water), which indicated that US3 exerted remarkable immune activity. It could be an excellent functional additive in food or medicine.
Schematic illustration showed the applications of SDT against various diseases and synergistic effects of SDT in combination with other therapeutic modalities.
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•This review highlights ...the recent advances of nanomaterials based SDT against various diseases, and its possible mechanisms of action.•The synergistic effects of SDT in combination with other therapeutic modalities against different diseases are summarized.•The potential limitations and future prospects of SDT in nanoscience are also discussed.
As an effective treatment approach, photo-therapeutic has great potential in treating various diseases, but this light-activated strategy suffers from the major shortcoming of low tissue penetration depth. Low-intensity ultrasound features with non-invasive and high tissue-penetrating ability have been widely used in clinical diagnostic, which can effectively overcome the major limitation of light. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers. Combining nanotechnology with SDT can effectively augment the SDT efficiency and may essentially reverse the disadvantages of traditional SDT, paving an avenue for more efficient and safer therapeutic options. In this review, we highlight the recent advances of SDT in nanoscience in terms of its possible mechanisms of action, applications against various diseases and synergistic effects of SDT in combination with other therapeutic modalities. Moreover, potential limitations and future prospects are also discussed.
Abstract The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a critical role in the outcome and the sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Activated MAPK can transmit extracellular signals to ...regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and so on. Apoptosis as well as macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) can be induced by extracellular stimuli such the treatment of chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in different cell response to these drugs. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating these two cellular processes remain largely unknown. Recently, several studies provide new insights into p38 and JNK MAPK pathways function in the control of the balance of autophagy and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Our increased understanding of the role of p38 and JNK MAPK pathways in regulating the balance of autophagy and apoptosis will hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
The regeneration of lost periodontal apparatus in periodontitis treatment remains a clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in ...periodontitis condition. For periodontal tissue regeneration, it is essential to regulate the inflammatory response and the subsequent differentiation of periodontal cells under the condition due to the infectious nature of the disease. In this study, it was noted that 45 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effect and improve the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment via regulating inflammatory and regenerative cytokine production and modulating macrophage polarization, subsequently affect the differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). With the addition of direct effects of AuNPs on hPDLCs, the periodontal tissue differentiation capacity of hPDLCs in LPS-activated inflammatory macrophage-hPDLCs coculture system was significantly enhanced by the interaction between AuNPs-conditioned macrophage and AuNPs-stimulated hPDLCs. The potential therapeutic application of AuNPs in periodontal tissue regeneration and periodontitis treatment was investigated using both rat fenestration and ligature-induced periodontitis models. It was found that the treatment of 45 AuNPs showed significantly increased newly-formed periodontal attachment, bone and cementum in periodontal defect and less tissue destruction in the progression of periodontitis. This study demonstrated that 45 nm AuNPs could not only directly modulate hPDLCs, but also regulate the early inflammatory response of periodontal tissues via the regulation of macrophage phenotypes, therefore, generate a microenvironment with constraint inflammatory cytokine levels and reparative cytokines such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), leading to PDLC differentiation, periodontal tissue regeneration and the prevention of periodontitis progression.
The treatment of diabetic ulcer (DU) remains a major clinical challenge due to the complex wound-healing milieu that features chronic wounds, impaired angiogenesis, persistent pain, bacterial ...infection, and exacerbated inflammation. A strategy that effectively targets all these issues has proven elusive. Herein, we use a smart black phosphorus (BP)-based gel with the characteristics of rapid formation and near-infrared light (NIR) responsiveness to address these problems. The in situ sprayed BP-based gel could act as 1) a temporary, biomimetic “skin” to temporarily shield the tissue from the external environment and accelerate chronic wound healing by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells, vascularization, and angiogenesis and 2) a drug “reservoir” to store therapeutic BP and pain-relieving lidocaine hydrochloride (Lid). Within several minutes of NIR laser irradiation, the BP-based gel generates local heat to accelerate microcirculatory blood flow, mediate the release of loaded Lid for “on-demand” pain relief, eliminate bacteria, and reduce inflammation. Therefore, our study not only introduces a concept of in situ sprayed, NIR-responsive pain relief gel targeting the challengingwound-healing milieu in diabetes but also provides a proof-of-concept application of BP-based materials in DU treatment.
Abstract
The modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is crucial for cellular homeostasis and determination of cellular fate. A sublethal level of ROS sustains cell ...proliferation, differentiation and promotes tumor metastasis, while a drastic ROS burst directly induces apoptosis. Herein, surface-oxidized arsenene nanosheets (As/As
x
O
y
NSs) with type II heterojunction are fabricated with efficient ·O
2
−
and
1
O
2
production and glutathione consumption through prolonging the lifetime of photo-excited electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the portion of As
x
O
y
with oxygen vacancies not only catalyzes a Fenton-like reaction, generating ·OH and O
2
from H
2
O
2
, but also inactivates main anti-oxidants to cut off the “retreat routes” of ROS. After polydopamine (PDA) and cancer cell membrane (M) coating, the engineered As/As
x
O
y
@PDA@M NSs serve as an intelligent theranostic platform with active tumor targeting and long-term blood circulation. Given its narrow-band-gap-enabled in vivo fluorescence imaging properties, As/As
x
O
y
@PDA@M NSs could be applied as an imaging-guided non-invasive and real-time nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
Clay-based nanomaterials, especially 2:1 aluminosilicates such as vermiculite, biotite, and illite, have demonstrated great potential in various fields. However, their characteristic sandwiched ...structures and the lack of effective methods to exfoliate two-dimensional (2D) functional core layers (FCLs) greatly limit their future applications. Herein, we present a universal wet-chemical exfoliation method based on alkali etching that can intelligently "capture" the ultrathin and biocompatible FCLs (MgO and Fe
O
) sandwiched between two identical tetrahedral layers (SiO
and Al
O
) from vermiculite. Without the sandwich structures that shielded their active sites, the obtained FCL nanosheets (NSs) exhibit a tunable and appropriate electron band structure (with the bandgap decreased from 2.0 eV to 1.4 eV), a conductive band that increased from -0.4 eV to -0.6 eV, and excellent light response characteristics. The great properties of 2D FCL NSs endow them with exciting potential in diverse applications including energy, photocatalysis, and biomedical engineering. This study specifically highlights their application in cancer theranostics as an example, potentially serving as a prelude to future extensive studies of 2D FCL NSs.
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