Adefovir dipivoxil (adefovir) effectively inhibits both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. The development of adefovir resistance is both delayed and infrequent ...compared with lamivudine resistance. The aim of this study was to characterize the serologic, biochemical, and virologic response to adefovir, and to explore the factors affecting initial virologic response (IVR, defined as a decrease in serum HBV below 4 log10copies/mL after 6 month of treatment) and adefovir resistance in lamivudine resistant HBV-infected patients.
This study population comprised 76 patients with lamivudine-resistance who had received adefovir for more than 12 months between March 2004 and December 2006. The adefovir-resistant mutant was assayed at 6 months and 12 months during adefovir administration. Restriction-fragment mass polymorphism analysis was used for detecting YMDD and adefovir mutants.
After adefovir administration, an IVR was observed in 31% of the patients with lamivudine resistance. Factors associated with an IVR were HBeAg negativity (P=0.04) and the presence of liver cirrhosis (P=0.04). Age, sex, pretreatment levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, pretreatment HBV DNA levels, presence of precore mutation, and type of YMDD mutants were not related to an IVR during adefovir treatment. The prevalence of adefovir resistance was 5% and 13% at 6 months and 12 months after therapy, respectively. Mixed infection of the precore mutant was a risk factors for the emergence of adefovir resistance (P=0.01).
Lamivudine-resistant HBV patients exhibiting HBeAg negativity and liver cirrhosis were more likely to achieve an IVR after adefovir therapy. Adefovir resistance was associated with mixed infection of the precore mutant.
Angiotensin receptors are found on hepatic stellate cells, which participate in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, it is presumed that angiotensin has a role in hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study was ...to evaluate the effects of angiotensin blockade on inhibition of hepatic fibrosis in cirrhotic rat model.
Cirrhosis with portal hypertension was produced by common bile duct ligation (BDL) in the adult Sprague-Dawley rats. They were classified into 4 groups (each group n=6) as follows; G1: BDL without drug, G2: BDL+captopril 100 mg/kg/day beginning 2 weeks after BDL, G3: BDL+captopril 100 mg/kg/day, starting just after BDL, G4: BDL+losartan 10 mg/kg/day, starting just after BDL. After 4 weeks following BDL, hepatic fibrosis was histomorphologically analyzed by Batts & Ludwig score. alpha smooth muscle actin by immunohistochemical stain, hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue by spectrophotometry and expression of collagen, procollagen, and TGF-beta by real-time PCR were measured.
Batts & Ludwig score were 3.8, 3.0, 2.6,and 2.6 in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The expression of alpha-SMA was significantly lower in G3 and G4 than in G1; 11.9%, 10.9%, 2.6%, and 1.1% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively (p<0.05). The concentration of hydroxyproline (microg/g liver tissue) was lower in G3 and G4 compared with G1 (p<0.05). Also, the administration of angiotensin blockade just after BDL significantly reduced the expression of collagen, procollagen, and TGF-beta mRNA.
Angiotensin blockades are effective in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis in BDL rats.
Doppler ultrasongraphy is used to evaluate hemodynamic alternations in patients with liver cirrhosis. Purpose of this study was to determine the interequipment variability of Doppler indices in ...portal and splenic vein in cirrhosis.
Blood velocity, diameter, flow and congestive index in portal and splenic vein were measured by Doppler ultrasonography in 30 patients with cirrhosis using two different machines.
Portal venous velocities measured by HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 were 8.72+/-3.69 cm/sec, 12.21+/-2.84 cm/sec, respectively which showed significant difference (P<0.001). Measured portal blood flows and congestive indices also had significant difference between HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 (P<0.01). Splenic venous velocity by HDI-5000 was 8.55+/-2.71 cm/sec, which was lower than that of 12.32+/-3.11 cm/sec by SSD-5000 (P<0.001). Splenic blood flows measured by HDI-5000 and SSD-5000 were 390.73+/-260.98 mL/min, 595.01+/-346.53 mL/min, respectively, showing significant difference (P=0.015). However, no differences were in the diameters of portal and splenic vein between HDI-5000 and SSD-5000.
Doppler indices in portal and splenic vein showed significant interequipment variability. Therefore, in liver cirrhosis, hemodynamic investigations using different Doppler ultrasonographic machines is inappropriate.
담도 및 췌장 악성종양에서의 CA19-9의 진단적 가치에 대한 평가 명승재; Sung Jae Myung; 최승목 ...
The Korean journal of gastroenterology,
01/1995, Letnik:
27, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Background/Aims: The CA19-9 is a tumor marker used for gastrointestinal tumors, especially pancreatic cancer and biliary tract malignancy. However, it was also reported that there are some CA19-9 ...positive parients with benign diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of CA19-9 in malignant and benign pancreaticobiliary diseases. Methods: Serum CA19-9 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 514 patients (biliary diseases: 154, pancreatic diseases: 96, others: 264) who visited Asan Medical Center from February 1993 to February 1994. Results: The positive rates(>37U/ml) of CA19-9 were 67.3% and 47.9% in malignant and benign biliary diseases, 69.6% and 14.8% in malignant and benign pancreatic diseases, 21.3% and 20.0% in other malignant and benign diseases, respectively. The value of CA19-9 in benign biliary disease was significantly more elevated in the patients with cholangitis (median 65.5 U/ml) than patients without cholangitis (median 17.0 U/ml)(p0.01). In patients with benign and malignant biliary diseases, there was a positive correlation between CA19-9 and parameters representing biliary obstruction(alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin). In 7 patients with gallstone disease CA19-9 levels were significantly decreased after stone removal(p( 0.05). Follow-up levels of CA19-9 in 35 patients with biliary malignancy were also decreased after treatment(curative resection in 30 patients, chemotherapy in 2 patients, radiotherapy in 2 patients and management of cholangitis in 1 patient, respectively)(p(0.05). Sensitivity of CA19-9 at a cutoff value of 37 U/ml in pancreatic cancer was 69.6%, biliary malignancy 67.3%. Specificity in pancreatic cancer was 85.2%, biliary malignancy 52.1%. Positive predictive value in pancreatic cancer was 92.3%, biliary malignancy 65.3%. Conclusions: The measurement of CA19-9 can be used as an adjunctive test in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign pancreaticobiliary diseases. On interpretation of an increased value of CA19-9 in these patients we should consider various conditions such as cholangitis or biliary obstruction with false positive value. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1995;27:347 - 355)
The radiologic findings in two cases of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas are described. Sonographic findings were a midrange echogenic mass with heterogeneity, containing some small- and ...medium-sized low echogenic areas suggesting necrosis. Ultrasonic through-transmission was good. Computed tomography findings were a well-defined, hypodense, large mass having an enhancing, thin capsule. There were multiple small- and medium-sized irregular low-density areas suggesting necrosis. Small punctate calcific foci were present in one case. With these characteristics, acinar cell carcinoma can be distinguished from the locally invasive common adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, but the differentiation from some other less common pancreatic tumors remains difficult.
Degradation characteristics of the outdoor insulation material by salt fog Nam Ho Choi; Jae Hoon Kim; Knag Sik Park ...
Proceedings of 1998 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials. 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. 30th Symposium on Electrical Insulating Ma,
1998
Conference Proceeding
In these days, the polymer insulators have been increasingly studied and applied for outdoor insulators because it has superior characteristics than porcelain and glass insulators, which have been ...used for outdoor insulators. This investigation deals with the degradation characteristics of the outdoor insulation material, silicone rubber and EPDM which was one of the most useful polymer material as outdoor insulators, due to the salt fog and electrical stress. Two salt fog chambers, which are based in ASTM D 2132, were fabricated for this test. And the treated specimen analyzed with various analytic method. With the result of this study, we could make a further understanding about the degradation mechanism of polymer material.
Congenital diatation of the common bile duct is an uncommon condition. More than 190 cases have been reported in the Korean literature up to date including the present series. We reviewed 15 cases of ...choledochal cyst treated surgically at the Chun-an Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, between January 1984 and July 1990. The results were as follows. 1) Age ranged from 1 year to 64 years and 7 of 15 cases were above 30 years. The ratio of men to women was 1: 6.5. 2) The durations of symtoms varied widely from 3 days to 13 years. 3) The frequency of the triad of symptoms and signs were in order of abdominal pain 14 cases (93%), jaundice 8 cases (53%) and abdominal mass 7 cases (47%), The classical triad of mass, pain and jaundice was present in 6 cases (40%).
4) Ultrasonography was useful as the initial diagnostic tool in all cases As next diagnostic studies, abdominal CT was performed in 6 cases, ERCP in 4 cases and PTC in 3 cases.
5) According to the classification of Todani, 13 cases (87%) were type I and two cases (13%) were type II. 6) The associated disease were cholecystitis in 8 cases, stone in common bile duct in 4 cases, cancers in 2 cases, GB empyema in 1 case and bile peritonitis in 1 case 7) Preoperative diagnosis was made in 13 (87%) of 15 cases 8) Surgical procedure used were principally choledochocystoduodenostomy in 3 cases, choledo-chocystojejunostomy in 8 cases, cyst excision in 2 cases, T tube choledochostomy in 1 case, and T tube choledochostomy with delayed cyst excision in 1 case.
Radioimmunoassay of Pinellia ternata lectin Kim, J R; Park, K B; Awh, O D
The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes,
12/1985, Letnik:
36, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Radioimmunoassay of Pinellia ternata lectin (PTL) in rabbit serum and in root extract has been tried. The PTL was labelled with 125I using chloramine-T, and the labelled product was purified by gel ...chromatography. Standard suppression lines were obtained and the parallelism in serum or buffer was demonstrated. The assay time was 48 h with an intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation of less than 12%. The PTL content in dried Pinellia ternata roots was about 28 +/- 3 mg/g. More than 40% of the i.v. injected PTL to rabbits was retained in serum at 1 h post administration.
PDF
