Smoking cessation advice by GPs is an effective and cost-effective intervention, but is not implemented as widely as it could be.
This wide-ranging Europe-wide literature review, part of the European ...Union (EU) PESCE (General Practitioners and the Economics of Smoking Cessation in Europe) project, explored the extent of GPs' engagement in smoking cessation and the factors that influence their engagement.
Two searches were conducted, one for grey literature, across all European countries, and one for academic studies. Data from eligible studies published from 1990 onwards were synthesised and reported under four categories of influencing factors: GP characteristics, patient characteristics, structural factors, and cessation-specific knowledge and skills.
The literature showed that most GPs in Europe question the smoking status of all new patients but fewer routinely ask this of regular patients, or advise smokers to quit. The proportion offering intensive interventions or prescribing treatments is lower still. Factors influencing GPs' engagement in smoking cessation include GPs' own smoking status and their attitudes towards giving smoking cessation advice; whether patients present with smoking-related symptoms, are pregnant, or heavy smokers; time, training, and reimbursement are important structural factors; and some GPs lack knowledge and skills regarding the use of specific cessation methods and treatments, or have limited awareness of specialist cessation services. No single factor or category of factors explains the variations in GPs' engagement in smoking cessation.
Strategies to improve the frequency and quality of GPs' engagement in smoking cessation need to address the multifaceted influences on GPs' practice and to reflect the widely differing contexts across Europe.
Izvleček
Uvod:
Medicinske sestre lahko s svetovanjem za opustitev kajenja pomembno prispevajo k zmanjšanju rabe tobaka;
pri tem jih pomembno ovira njihovo lastno kajenje. Namen raziskave je prikazati ...kadilske navade te poklicne skupine
v Sloveniji.
Metode:
Analiza temelji na podatkih iz presečne raziskave na nacionalno reprezentativnem vzorcu medicinskih
sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov (spletna anketa). Naključno izbrani člani Zbornice zdravstvene in babiške
nege so se odzvali v 51% (N =1.500), o tem, ali kadijo ali ne, pa smo dodatno pridobili podatke še od 218 oseb, ki
sicer v anketi niso želele sodelovati.
Rezultati:
V Sloveniji kadi 20,9% medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov, več moških (32,9%) kot žensk
(19,6%), več tistih s srednjo stopnjo izobrazbe (25,1%) kot z višjo ali več (12,1%), z nižjo samooceno materialnega
standarda, ki ne živijo s partnerjem in ki nimajo (predšolskih) otrok ter med njihovimi najbližjimi sodelavci, prijatelji
in sorodniki kadi nadpovprečen delež oseb. Več kot polovica (52,9%) jih je začela kaditi med šolanjem na srednjih
šoli, znaten delež (15,6%) pa tudi v prvih letih zaposlitve. 20% jih navaja, da v ustanovi, v kateri delajo, zaposleni
kršijo prepoved kajenja.
Zaključek:
Kajenje med medicinskimi sestrami, babicami in zdravstvenimi tehniki je v Sloveniji še vedno prepogost
pojav ter lahko znatno vpliva na njihovo poslanstvo in delo na področju promocije nekajenja in pomoči pri opuščanju
kajenja. Pomembno je, da za to poklicno skupino okrepimo promocijo nekajenja že od začetka šolanja in organiziramo
ustrezne programe opuščanja kajenja.
Background: Nurses can contribute significantly to tobacco control efforts with smoking cessation advise and/or counselling, but the most important barrier for this is their own smoking. The aim of ...this study is to assess theprevalence of smoking among nurses in Slovenia. Methods: The analysis is based on data from a cross-sectional study on a nationally representative sample ofnurses, midwives and health technicians (online survey). Randomly chosen members of the Nurses and MidwivesAssociation of Slovenia responded in 51% (n=1500). We additionally obtained data on smoking status only from218 persons, who otherwise did not want to participate in the survey. Results: 20.9% of nurses, midwives and health technicians in Slovenia smoke, more men (32.9%) than women(19.6%), more in the group with secondary education (25.1%) than in the group with a higher level of education(12.1%) and more in the group more with a lower self-assessed material standard, not living with a partner, without(preschool) children and among those whose close co-workers, friends and relatives smoke in high proportion. Morethan half (52.9%) started to smoke during secondary school and a significant proportion (15.6%) during the first yearsof employment. 20% of them state that employees violate the ban on smoking in the institution where they work. Conclusion: Smoking among nurses, midwives and health technicians in Slovenia is still a too-common phenomenon and can greatly affect their mission and work on the promotion of non-smoking and smoking cessation interventions. For this occupational group, it is important to strengthen promotion of non-smoking from the beginning of the high school on and to organize appropriate smoking cessation programs PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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