A. Sarocka, V. Kovacova, R. Omelka, M. Bauerova, E. Kapusta, Z. Goc, G. Formicki, M. Martiniakova.
Obsahuje bibliografii
Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to ...bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol.
Acrylamide (AA) is one of the most common toxins in foods. Its
effect on bone microstructure has not been investigated. The aim
of our study was to analyze the impact of acute exposure to AA on
...femoral bone microstructure in mice. Adult animals were treated
perorally with 2 doses of AA (E1 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 24-h
period and with 3 doses of AA (E2 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 48-h
period. Mice exposed to AA had smaller sizes of primary osteon's
vascular canals. Secondary osteons were significantly smaller in
mice from E2 group; however their increased number (from 38 %
to 77 %) was identified in both E1 and E2 groups. In these groups,
a higher number of resorption lacunae (from 100 % to 122 %) was
also found. The values for bone volume, trabecular number were
increased and that for trabecular separation was decreased in mice
administered AA. Significantly higher value of bone surface was
observed in mice from E1 group whereas trabecular thickness was
increased in E2 group. The effect of AA on microstructure of
compact and trabecular bone tissues is different. In our study, one
dose of AA was used and acute effects of AA were investigated.
Therefore, further studies are needed to study mechanisms by
which AA acts on bone.
This pilot prospective study verified the hypothesis that use of computer-assisted therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides by pharmacists leads to better safety therapeutic outcomes and cost ...avoidance than only concentration measurement and dose adjustments based on a physician’s experience. Two groups of patients were enrolled according to the technique of monitoring. Patients (Group 1, n=52) underwent monitoring by a pharmacist using pharmacokinetic software. In a control group (Group 2, n=11), plasma levels were measured but not interpreted by the pharmacist, only by physicians. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in factors influenced by therapy. However, the results are not statistically significant but a comparison of the groups showed a clear trend towards safety and cost avoidance, thus supporting therapeutic drug monitoring. Safety limits were achieved in 76 % and 63 % of cases in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. More patients achieved both concentrations (peak and trough) with falling eGFR in Group 1. In present pilot study, the pharmacist improved the care of patients on aminoglycoside therapy. A larger study is needed to demonstrate statistically significantly improved safety and cost avoidance of aminoglycoside therapy monitoring by the pharmacist using pharmacokinetic software.
In the last period a large attention is focused to the PR and DR-proteins. De novo synthesized PR and DR-proteins are the result of pathogen infection and defense reactions of the host plants. Their ...quantitative and qualitative content changes in the dependence of the early and late genes expression participating in the defense reactions. Basic proteins patterns contained de novo synthesized PR-proteins with low molecular mass (Mr~13-25 kDa) are localized preferentially in the site of infected leaf of host plants. Basic PR-proteins have the same molecular mass and they were idependent on both host and pathogen genotype. Their biochemical function was from the group of RNA binding proteins and proteins with RN-ase activity. Protein with chitinase activity (Mr~14.4 kda) identified with calcofluor white M2R was specific and its content depended on the genetic background of host-pathogen interaction. Constitutively synthesized basic exo beta-1,3-glucanases had their molecular masses from interval Mr~72-40 kDa. Infection level affected amount of storage proteins by sensitive barley genotype Dvoran preferentially at the albumin-globulin fraction. Contain of hordein-glutenin fraction by compatible interaction was effected slower.
Present work studied changes in the content of selected hydrolytic enzymes induced in the patterns of basic proteins synthesized in the barley primary leaves infected by powdery mildew with different ...virulence possibility. Protein patterns analyses show that basic intercellular protein spectra strongly reflect of interaction phenotype. Incompatible and hypersensitive interaction of hosts showed relatively the smallest changes in the both quantitative and qualitative changes in the protein content in the period of pathogen sporulation. By compatible interactions, content of basic beta-1,3-exoglucanases changed their quantity as well as their quality. The most expressive changes were in the region of Mr=40-45 kDa where are localized de novo synthesized basic glucanases. Four basic exo- glucanases were synthesized constitutly independently of the host resistance genes and the pathogen avirulence/virulence genes. Their Mr were from molecular mass interval 72-45 kDa. De novo synthesized exochitinases were two. Low molecular basic form of exo Chi 14.4 was not serologicaly related to their acid form, or it is possible that the quantive content of this protein is under level of imunoblot sensitivity.
