This is a case history of a 23-year-old woman suffering from incontinentia pigmenti (IP). The patient's vision in the left eye started to deteriorate due to cataract progression at the age of 22, and ...by the age of 23, it dropped from 0.9 to 0.04. Ultrasound examination confirmed tractional vitreoretinal membranes. Vitrectomy was performed, therefore, on her left eye. The histological evaluation of vitreous membrane revealed a complex immunophenotype (positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, S-100, anti-pan cytokeratin antibody (AE/AE3), and smooth muscle-specific actin (SMA) to various extents). The right eye remained unsymptomatic throughout this course. Besides being the first to analyze the tractional vitreoretinal membrane in IP with immunohistochemical methods, this case study points out that extreme cases of asymmetric side involvement in IP do exist, even to the point of one eye being completely unsymptomatic.
Measles, caused by the Morbilli virus, is a highly (about 95 %) contagious disease affecting primarily children, but without proper immunisation, adults can also be infected. The leading symptoms of ...the disease are high fever that presents after an incubation period of 9-10 days and the red rash that begins several days after the fever starts. Beyond specific generalized symptoms, measles may have ocular symptoms. The most commonly occurring conjunctivitis, the so-called "red eye symptom", is not characteristic only for measles infection, however, by taking the generalized symptoms it can suggest the diagnosis at the beginning of the disease. Conjunctivitis of varying severity is noticed in the half of the cases without using ophthalmological instrumentation. Using ophthalmological instrumentation, the mild forms of conjunctivitis can be diagnosed, by meticulous ophthalmological examination, further eye diseases can be discovered. The viral conjunctivitis can progress to keratitis and bacterial superinfection can occur. If the infection presents in childhood it can affect the posterior segment. The fight against measles is very effective in Hungary since the vaccination has been introduced, and the lack of vaccination is also the primary cause of the risk to the disease. In the diagnosis, symptomatic treatment of the disease and the curbing of possible mass infections, the practicing physician (general practitioner) has a key role. The correct care of the infected patient in Hungary is provided by a methodological letter, professional information and legal guides. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1523-1527.
•Structural source for PMA in ultra-thin (2–3 nm) sputter-deposited Co2MnSi was studied.•PMA observed with adjacent Pd layer and following thermal annealing.•PMA related to CoPd nanocrystallites due ...to intermixing of Co with adjacent Pd layer.•Intermixing of Mn with an adjacent MgO layer affects magnetic properties.•Necessity of direct structural characterization of ultra-thin Co2MnSi films is shown.
Novel spin-electronic devices require electrodes that inject electrons with both high spin-polarization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Several full-Heusler compounds are expected to be half-metallic ferromagnets, e.g. chemically-ordered L21 or B2 Co2MnSi. However, most cubic full-Heusler alloys have small magneto-crystalline anisotropy meaning that PMA is difficult to achieve in thin film geometries of devices. Addressing this limitation, Butler et al. (2014) calculate PMA and full spin-polarization in ultra-thin (2–3 nm) chemically-ordered Co2MnSi with an epitaxial coherent interface to rock-salt MgO (0 0 1). Experimentally, PMA in sputter-deposited ultra-thin films with full-Heusler compositions was reported though with adjacent layers of Pd or Pt.
We investigate structural origins of such PMA using a test case of ultra-thin Co2MnSi films prepared by magnetron sputter-deposition, adjacent to a MgO layer to represent a tunneling barrier, and to a Pd buffer layer. We measure PMA, with an energy density of 7.8 ± 1.8 Merg/cc at 5 K, when a Pd layer is adjacent to Co2MnSi, following annealing in a narrow temperature range, around 350 °C. This ferromagnetism originates from nanometer scale regions, below 5 nm in size, having a relatively low saturation magnetization, 550 ± 50 emu/cc at low temperatures. Following thermal annealing, significant compositional intermixing between Co2MnSi films and adjacent layers, Co with Pd and Mn with MgO, was measured by electron energy-loss and angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy shows that Co2MnSi does not crystallize while at the interface with Pd, nanometer-scale crystallites of FCC solid solution CoPd with {1 1 1} texture are identified. We conclude that these Pd rich CoPd crystallites, characterized by large magnetostriction, are a source for PMA.
The Holocaust in Hungary represented a unique chapter in the singular history of the Final Solution of the “Jewish question” in Europe. In the fifth year of the Second World War Hungary still had a ...Jewish population of approximately 800,000.Although this large and relatively intact Jewish community was deprived of its basic rights as citizens, had suffered close to 62,000 casualties, had been confronted with the hardships of discrimination, and had endured the vicissitudes of a military-related labor service system, it continued to enjoy relative physical safety under the aristocratic-conservative regime of Hungary until the German occupation on March 19, 1944. How was all this possible? And if all this was possible until March 1944, why could it not continue for a few more months? Was it really inevitable that hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews would, within a few months, become victims of the gas chambers of Auschwitz? Could the Holocaust in Hungary have been averted and who were responsible for the violent deaths of over a half a million Hungarian Jews in the ghettos, on the deportation trains, in the extermination and concentration camps, during the death marches, and the mass shootings into the Danube? Starting from these difficult questions, the present volume offers readers the most recent scholarship on the history and memory of the Holocaust in Hungary.
Abstract
While experimental physics progressed tremendously since the 1970s, the neutron model has remained essentially unchanged. Motivated by developments in both experiments and theory, which we ...briefly review in section 1, we propose that the initial neutron decay step is not the emission of an 80 GeV mass boson particle, but the emission of a much lighter lepton particle. On the basis of well-known neutron data, in section 2 we estimate that this new lepton’s mass is 1.5 MeV.
Historically, investigations of deuteron photo-dissociation led nuclear scientists to assume that no electron-like particle is associated with neutron decay. We therefore re-examine these experiments in section 3. We demonstrate that deuteron photo-dissociation leads to 2
p
+
+
e
−
products at high photon energies. Our calculations show why a deuteron always breaks up into
p
+
n
particles at <3 MeV photon energy.
Sections 4 - 7 discuss the properties and interactions of the 1.5 MeV lepton particle. Numerous investigations, including our own experiments, demonstrate the presence of negative elementary charges within atomic nuclei. The emission or absorption of negative nuclear charges involves the emission or absorption of a new lepton particle, which always decays into an electron. Various mass measurement methods converge to the same result: the emitted or absorbed lepton is approximately three times heavier than an ordinary electron. Specifically, we measure its mass to be 1553.5 keV.
Our work demonstrates that, despite being a single particle, the neutron comprises a positive and a negative elementary charge. To make sense of the neutron structure, it is necessary to firstly understand the proton’s and the newly discovered 1.5 MeV lepton’s internal structures. In section 9, we apply our results to better understand the neutron’s properties.
Possible treatment options of spent Merox caustic waste have been explored for the sake of recommending a neutralization scheme that is not only affordable but promises modest profit and provides an ...environmentally benign technique that meets criteria of industrial ecology. We concluded to recommend a system in which two waste streams are co-processed and in addition to efficient neutralization the potential of a renewable energy resource is also produced. Colloid chemical specifics of the waste in question have been shown to have influence on processing this hazardous and otherwise difficult to treat waste of petroleum refining.
This paper investigates the problem of integrated task sequencing and path planning in Remote Laser Welding (RLW). It is shown that finding the appropriate order of welding tasks is crucial for ...exploiting the efficiency of this new joining technology, and this can be achieved only if the robot path is considered already at the time of sequencing. For modelling the problem, a novel extension of the well-know Travelling Salesman Problem with neighbourhoods and durative visits, denoted as TSP-ND, is introduced. Basic properties of this problem are formally proven, and a GRASP meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed for solving it. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate that the novel approach solves efficiently industrially relevant problems, and it achieves substantial improvement in cycle time compared to the single earlier approach in the literature dedicated to RLW, as well as compared to a decomposition approach to solving the TSP-ND model.
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