Diethylzinc (Et2Zn) can be used as an efficient and chemoselective catalyst for the reduction of tertiary amides under mild reaction conditions employing cost-effective polymeric silane (PMHS) as the ...hydride source. Crucial for the catalytic activity was the addition of a substoichiometric amount of lithium chloride to the reaction mixture. A series of amides containing different additional functional groups were reduced to their corresponding amines, and the products were isolated in good-to-excellent yields.
It is shown theoretically that a single acoustic pulse, a few picoseconds long, can reverse magnetization in a magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D. Following giant magnetoelastic changes of free ...energy density, the magnetization vector is ejected from a local in-plane energy minimum and decays into another minimum. For an acoustic pulse duration significantly shorter than magnetization precession period τac≪Tprec, the switching threshold is determined by the acoustic pulse area, i.e., pulse integral in the time domain, similar to coherent phenomena in optics. Simulation results are summarized in a magnetoacoustic switching diagram and discussed in the context of all-optical magnetization switching by circularly polarized light pulses.
A mild and highly efficient catalytic hydrosilylation protocol for room‐temperature ester reductions has been developed using diethylzinc as the catalyst. The methodology is operationally simple, ...displays high functional group tolerance and provides for a facile access to a broad range of different alcohols in excellent yields.
A mild and highly efficient catalytic hydrosilylation protocol for room‐temperature ester reductions has been developed using diethylzinc as the catalyst. The methodology is operationally simple, displays high functional group tolerance and provides for a facile access to a broad range of different alcohols in excellent yields.
This comprehensive study delves into the intricate relationship between corporate governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) within the framework of China’s institutional ...landscape. By analyzing an extensive dataset comprising 35,435 firm-year observations from 3,889 A-share listed companies spanning the years 2006 to 2019, the research scrutinizes various governance mechanisms, including board size, independence, CEO duality, and ownership concentration.The investigation affirms that larger boards and a higher proportion of independent directors exert a positive influence on CSRD. In contrast, a substantial shareholding ratio held by the largest shareholder proves to be a hindrance to the transparent disclosure of CSR initiatives. While the impact of CEO duality on CSRD is noted, the statistical significance of this relationship remains inconclusive.These findings underscore the nuanced dynamics of governance and ownership structures in shaping CSR initiatives. The findings highlight the nuanced impact of governance and ownership structures on CSR initiatives, offering valuable insights for managers and policymakers navigating CSR strategies in China’s business landscape. The insights garnered from this study hold valuable implications for both corporate managers and policymakers navigating the landscape of CSR strategies within the unique contours of China’s business environment. AcknowledgmentThis paper is co-funded by the European Union through the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) within the project “Embracing EU corporate social responsibility: challenges and opportunities of business-society bonds transformation in Ukraine” – 101094100 – EECORE – ERASMUS-JMO-2022-HEI-TCH-RSCH-UA-IBA / ERASMUS-JMO-2022-HEI-TCHRSCH https://eecore.snau.edu.ua/Oleh PASKO expresses sincere gratitude for the support received from the Kirkland Research Program, generously provided by the Leaders of Change Foundation established by the Polish-American Freedom Foundation.
Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, ...bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.
Different bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet thin films were prepared on silica substrates by metal organic decomposition of propionic salts with varied initial amounts of bismuth, annealing ...time, and temperature. The magneto-optical properties were monitored continuously during the annealing step, yielding access to the activation energy of the garnet film crystallization. These measurements coupled with X-ray diffraction spectra of the final products show that the magneto-optical properties of the films deposited on silica are limited by the saturation of bismuth substitution and appearance of side products with high initial bismuth contents.
This paper is devoted to measuring the efficiency of the higher education of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data envelopment analysis method was applied, considering the number of enrolled students, ...budget financing, co-financing, self-financing as inputs, and the number of graduated students according to the field of education as the output. Measuring the relative efficiency of main fields of the higher education system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the authors found that the agriculture is the most efficient field of higher education in this country. However, the engineering, manufacturing technologies and construction field have the lowest efficiency score due to the high consumption of budget expenditures, but the lowest education results. The hypothesis of the growing efficiency of the higher education system of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not confirmed. The downward trend in the total number of publications indicates a twofold deterioration in the scientific efficiency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the six-year period. Comparison with neighboring countries showed relatively low scientific efficiency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusion is that currently the higher education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is relatively inefficient and its efficiency falls down.
Aim: to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine.
Materials and ...Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2022 in four tertiary care hospitals of Ukraine. The diagnostic criteria were based on specific HAI site were adapted from the CDC/NHSN case definitions.
Results: Of 1,084 postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm, 128 (11.4%) HAIs were observed. The most common of HAI type was possible ventilatorassociated pneumonia (38.2%) followed by central line-associated bloodstream infections (33.8%), catheter -associated urinary tract infection (18.5%), and surgical site infection (9.6%). Inpatient mortality from HAI was 5.1%. Emergency admission, mechanical ventilation, taking antiplatelet aggregation drugs, albumin reduction, hyperglycaemia, hyponatremia, surgical procedure, operation time > 4 h, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, and central venous catheterization were risk factors associated with HAI in patients with intracranial aneurysm surgery. A total of 26% cases of HAIs by MDROs were notified over the study period. Klebsiella spp. - essentially K. pneumoniae - were the most frequent, followed by Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales constituted the most frequent mechanism of resistance, while ESBL-production in Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected in 65,7% 62,3% and 20% of cases, respectively.
Conclusions: The present study showed that HAIs is a common complication in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine and multidrugresistant organisms the major pathogen causing infection.
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