Résumé: Lapidus a comparé le pied à une ferme : formation architecturale triangulaire constituée par deux arbalétriers obliques et un entrait horizontal (représenté par les ligaments et courts ...muscles plantaires). La ferme permet de se représenter plus facilement le pied dans ses trois dimensions. Au niveau de l’avant-pied, c’est-à-dire de l’arbalétrier antérieur de la ferme, elle permet de distinguer une palette centrale, peu mobile, représentée par les métatarsiens II et III, et de chaque côté deux palettes mobiles qui assurent l’appui simultané de toutes les têtes métatarsiennes en réservant la fonction d’équilibre et d’amortisseur à la palette latérale. L’axe autour duquel s’effectue la prosupination de l’avantpied passe par la palette centrale et plus exactement par le deuxième métatarsien. Au cours de la station debout, les têtes métatarsiennes se disposent sur un même plan, et seul le muscle soléaire présente une activité en corrigeant le déséquilibre causé par la chute du centre de gravité en avant de l’articulation crurotalienne. Au cours de la marche, la disposition des têtes métatarsiennes en arc de cercle dans le plan horizontal permet une sortie du pas dans toutes les directions. La marche résulte d’une chute du corps vers l’avant, contrôlée continuellement par les muscles postérieurs qui agissent en s’allongeant (cette contraction excentrique demande peu d’énergie). Les articulations qui interviennent dans le déplacement ont leurs axes perpendiculaires à la ligne de marche. Celles qui interviennent dans l’équilibration ont des axes parallèles à la ligne de marche ; ce qui leur permet une liberté à tout moment. C’est l’articulation soustalienne qui joue le rôle principal dans l’équilibration, et sa manière d’agir est très simple puisque les deux os respectifs glissent l’un sur l’autre à la manière des essuie-glaces autour d’un ligament situé au sommet de l’articulation conique postérieure qui est l’articulation principale (l’articulation antérieure reçoit amoureusement des deux bras la rondeur de la tête talienne). Cette équilibration est contrôlée par les muscles latéraux, tibial postérieur et péroniers. Les nombreux amortisseurs sont décrits. Leurs éléments anatomiques se confondent avec ceux qui interviennent dans la progression et dans l’équilibration.
Abstract: Lapidus compared the foot to a truss: triangular architectural formation consisting of two oblique rafters and a horizontal tie beam (represented by the ligaments and short plantar muscles). The truss enables the foot to be represented more easily in its three dimensions. At the forefoot, i.e. the anterior rafter of the truss, it enables a central, relatively immobile plate to be distinguished, represented by the second and third metatarsals, and, on each side, two mobile plates that ensure simultaneous contact of all the metatarsal heads while reserving the balancing and shock absorbing function for the side plate. The axis around which the pro-supination of the forefoot occurs goes through the central plate and, more specifically, through the second metatarsal. In the standing position, the metatarsal heads are arranged on the same plane, and only the soleus muscle performs an activity of correcting an imbalance caused by a fall from the centre of gravity in front of the talocrural joint. While walking, the arrangement of the metatarsal heads in an arc-of-circle in the horizontal plane enables the step to be made in any direction. Walking involves a forward falling motion of the body, continuously controlled by the posterior muscles, which act by lengthening (this eccentric contraction requires little energy). The axes of the joints involved in the movement are perpendicular to the walking direction. The axes involved in balance are parallel to the walking direction, giving them freedom at any time. It is the subtalar joint that plays the main role in balance, and its action is very simple since the two respective bones glide one over the other like windshield wipers around a ligament located at the apex of the posterior conical joint, which is the main joint (the anterior joint intimately receives the round portion of the talar head in its two arms). This balance is controlled by the lateral muscles; posterior tibial and peroneal muscles. The numerous shock absorbers are described. Their anatomical elements coincide with those involved in movement and balance.
Résumé: Lapidus a comparé le pied à une ferme: formation architecturale triangulaire constituée par deux arbalétriers obliques et un entrait horizontal (représenté par les ligaments et courts muscles ...plantaires). La ferme permet de se représenter plus facilement le pied dans ses trois dimensions. Au niveau de l’avant-pied, c’est-à-dire de l’arbalétrier antérieur de la ferme, elle permet de distinguer une palette centrale, peu mobile, représentée par les métatarsiens II et III, et de chaque côté deux palettes mobiles qui assurent l’appui simultané de toutes les têtes métatarsiennes en réservant la fonction d’équilibre et d’amortisseur à la palette latérale. L’axe autour duquel s’effectue la prosupination de l’avantpied passe par la palette centrale et plus exactement par le deuxième métatarsien. Au cours de la station debout, les têtes métatarsiennes se disposent sur un même plan, et seul le muscle soléaire présente une activité en corrigeant le déséquilibre causé par la chute du centre de gravité en avant de l’articulation crurotalienne. Au cours de la marche, la disposition des têtes métatarsiennes en arc de cercle dans le plan horizontal permet une sortie du pas dans toutes les directions. La marche résulte d’une chute du corps vers l’avant, contrôlée continuellement par les muscles postérieurs qui agissent en s’allongeant (cette contraction excentrique demande peu d’énergie). Les articulations qui interviennent dans le déplacement ont leurs axes perpendiculaires à la ligne de marche. Celles qui interviennent dans l’équilibration ont des axes parallèles à la ligne de marche; ce qui leur permet une liberté à tout moment. C’est l’articulation soustalienne qui joue le rôle principal dans l’équilibration, et sa manière d’agir est très simple puisque les deux os respectifs glissent l’un sur l’autre à la manière des essuie-glaces autour d’un ligament situé au sommet de l’articulation conique postérieure qui est l’articulation principale (l’articulation antérieure reçoit amoureusement des deux bras la rondeur de la tête talienne). Cette équilibration est contrôlée par les muscles latéraux, tibial postérieur et péroniers. Les nombreux amortisseurs sont décrits. Leurs éléments anatomiques se confondent avec ceux qui interviennent dans la progression et dans l’équilibration.
Abstract: Lapidus compared the foot to a truss: triangular architectural formation consisting of two oblique rafters and a horizontal tie beam (represented by the ligaments and short plantar muscles). The truss enables the foot to be represented more easily in its three dimensions. At the forefoot, i.e. the anterior rafter of the truss, it enables a central, relatively immobile plate to be distinguished, represented by the second and third metatarsals, and, on each side, two mobile plates that ensure simultaneous contact of all the metatarsal heads while reserving the balancing and shock absorbing function for the side plate. The axis around which the pro-supination of the forefoot occurs goes through the central plate and, more specifically, through the second metatarsal. In the standing position, the metatarsal heads are arranged on the same plane, and only the soleus muscle performs an activity of correcting an imbalance caused by a fall from the centre of gravity in front of the talocrural joint. While walking, the arrangement of the metatarsal heads in an arc-of-circle in the horizontal plane enables the step to be made in any direction. Walking involves a forward falling motion of the body, continuously controlled by the posterior muscles, which act by lengthening (this eccentric contraction requires little energy). The axes of the joints involved in the movement are perpendicular to the walking direction. The axes involved in balance are parallel to the walking direction, giving them freedom at any time. It is the subtalar joint that plays the main role in balance, and its action is very simple since the two respective bones glide one over the other like windshield wipers around a ligament located at the apex of the posterior conical joint, which is the main joint (the anterior joint intimately receives the round portion of the talar head in its two arms). This balance is controlled by the lateral muscles; posterior tibial and peroneal muscles. The numerous shock absorbers are described. Their anatomical elements coincide with those involved in movement and balance.
•This ESMO Guideline provides key recommendations on the role of PROMs during the care of patients with cancer.•It covers the use of PROMs in patients with cancer from the start of active treatment ...during follow-up and at the end of life.•Recommendations are based on available scientific evidence and the authors’ collective expert consensus.•Authorship includes a multidisciplinary group of experts from Europe, North America, Asia and Australia.
L’examen clinique du pied Kowalski, C.
Médecine et chirurgie du pied,
03/2008, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Résumé: Devant une douleur du pied, on pose systématiquement les questions suivantes: y a-t-il des crampes des mollets ? Le genou fait-il mal dans les escaliers et dans les circonstances qui ...permettent de soupcçnner une douleur de rotule ? La colonne lombaire est-elle douloureuse en position debout prolongée ? Existe-t-il des entorses ou un manque de stabilité des chevilles ? Ensuite, l’examen commence par l’exploration des rotations des hanches. Il se continue par l’examen des muscles gastrocnémiens, puis par celui des muscles ischiojambiers. On repére alors la situation des tubérosités tibiales antérieures. Le plan des omoplates par rapport à celui des fesses est noté. Le test des pieds en dedans est effectué ainsi que l’extension de la colonne, pour passer finalement à l’examen de la pathologie pour laquelle le patient s’est présenté à la consultation. Un examen baropodométrique est réalisé systématiquement. Les examens complémentaires ne sont demandés qu’en fonction de la spécificité de la pathologie, mais pas systématiquement.
Abstract: When patients presents with foot pain, the following questions are asked systematically: does the patient have cramps in the calves? Does the patient’s knees hurt when taking the stairs, and does the patient have pain that appears to be in the kneecaps? Does the patient’s spinal column hurt when standing erect? Is there a sprained or unstable ankle? The examination begins with the exploration of hip rotation, followed by examination of the gastrocnemius muscles. The physician then locates the anterior tibial tuberosities, and the levels of the scapulas are compared to that of the buttocks. The physician then tests for turned-in feet and extension of the spinal column before finally examining the pathology the patient presented with. A baropodometric examination is always performed. Additional tests are only required in cases of specific pathologies.
Self-compassion has demonstrated many psychological benefits (Neff, 2009). In an effort to explore self-compassion as a potential resource for young women athletes, we explored relations among ...self-compassion, proneness to self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt-free shame, guilt, shame-free guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride), and potentially unhealthy self-evaluative thoughts and behaviors (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation). Young women athletes (N = 151; Mage = 15.1 years) participated in this study. Self-compassion was negatively related to shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, social physique anxiety, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. In support of theoretical propositions, self-compassion explained variance beyond self-esteem on shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, shame-free guilt proneness, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. Results suggest that, in addition to self-esteem promotion, self-compassion development may be beneficial in cultivating positive sport experiences for young women.
La triade pied-genou-colonne Kowalski, C.
Médecine et chirurgie du pied,
06/2004, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Résumé: : La déformation en valgus (pronation) de l’arrière-pied a une répercussion sur les genoux par rotation interne des membres inférieurs ; ce qui, à son tour, induit une hyperlordose.
Abstract: ...: The deformations in valgus (pronation) of the hindfoot has an effect on the knees by internal rotation of the lower limbs; what, in its turn, induced a hyperlordosis.
Situations such as public health emergencies and outbreaks necessitate the development and publication of high-quality recommendations within a condensed timeframe. For example, WHO has produced ...examples of and guidance for the development of rapid guidelines (RGs). However, more information is needed to understand the experiences and perceptions of guideline developers. This is the second of a series of three articles addressing methodological issues around RGs. This study describes the perceptions and experiences of guideline developers at WHO about RGs.
We conducted interviews consisting of open- and closed-ended questions with guideline developers at WHO. Our analysis described the definition and rationale of RGs, the differences from regular guidelines with regard to timelines from topic definition until publication, barriers to identifying the evidence and the lack of a standard methodology to develop RGs.
We interviewed 10 participants, the majority of whom were comfortable with the current WHO definition of RGs. Most stated that the rationale for developing RGs should be in response to new evidence about efficacy, cost-effectiveness or safety. Respondents differed with regards to the amount of time RGs should take. While the majority of participants agreed that guidelines should be based on a systematic review, this step in the process was considered the most time and resource intensive. Challenges for developing RGs included limited personnel and financial resources as well as the lack of evidence. Facilitators, in turn, that may improve RG development include additional financial and personnel resources as well as the use of virtual meetings.
While our study suggests a strong need and rationale for the development of RGs, standardisation of timelines and guidance on panel composition, peer-review process, conduct of meetings and sources of permissible evidence require further research.
During adolescence, deselection from sport occurs during team try-outs when month of birth, stage of growth and maturation may influence selection.
The purpose of this study was to identify ...differences in growth and maturity related factors between those selected and deselected in youth sports teams and identify short-term associations with continued participation.
Eight hundred and seventy participants, aged 11-17 years, were recruited from six sports try-outs in Saskatchewan, Canada: baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer and volleyball. Two hundred and forty-four of the initial 870 (28%) returned for follow-up at 36 months. Chronological (years from birth), biological (years from age at peak height velocity (APHV)) and relative (month of birth as it relates to the selection band) ages were calculated from measures of date of birth, date of test, height, sitting height and weight. Parental heights were measured or recalled and participant's adult height predicted. Reference standards were used to calculate z-scores. Sports participation was self-reported at try-outs and at 36-month follow-up.
There was an over-representation of players across all sports born in the first and second quartiles of the selection bands (p < 0.05), whether they were selected or deselected. z-scores for predicted adult height ranged from 0.1 (1.1) to 1.8 (1.2) and were significantly different between sports (p < 0.05). Height and APHV differences (p < 0.05) were found between selected and deselected male participants. In females only weight differed between selected and deselected female hockey players (p < 0.05); no further differences were found between selected and deselected female participants. Four per cent of deselected athletes exited sports participation and 68% of deselected athletes remained in the same sport at 36 months, compared with 84% of selected athletes who remained in the same sport.
It was found that youth who attended sports team's try-outs were more likely to be born early in the selection year, be tall for their age, and in some sports early maturers. The majority of both the selected and deselected participants continued to participate in sport 36 months after try-outs, with the majority continuing to participate in their try-out sport.
Background. Although urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United States, to our knowledge, no national data exist describing what hospitals in the ...United States are doing to prevent this patient safety problem. We conducted a national study to examine the current practices used by hospitals to prevent hospital-acquired UTI. Methods. We mailed written surveys to infection control coordinators at a national random sample of nonfederal US hospitals with an intensive care unit and ⩾50 hospital beds (n=600) and to all Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals (n=119). The survey asked about practices to prevent hospital-acquired UTI and other device-associated infections. Results. The response rate was 72%. Overall, 56% of hospitals did not have a system for monitoring which patients had urinary catheters placed, and 74% did not monitor catheter duration. Thirty percent of hospitals reported regularly using antimicrobial urinary catheters and portable bladder scanners; 14% used condom catheters, and 9% used catheter reminders. VA hospitals were more likely than non-VA hospitals to use portable bladder scanners (49% vs. 29%; P<.001), condom catheters (46% vs. 12%; P<.001), and suprapubic catheters (22% vs. 9%; P<.001); non-VA hospitals were more likely to use antimicrobial urinary catheters (30% vs. 14%; P=.002). Conclusions. Despite the strong link between urinary catheters and subsequent UTI, we found no strategy that appeared to be widely used to prevent hospital-acquired UTI. The most commonly used practices—bladder ultrasound and antimicrobial catheters—were each used in fewer than one-third of hospitals, and urinary catheter reminders, which have proven benefits, were used in <10% of US hospitals.
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